Post on 19-Mar-2020
transcript
OESI Zonal Isolation R&D Effort
OESI Webcast, 24 February, 2017
Eric van Oort & Saeid EnayatpourUT Austin
Slide 1
AgendaOESI Zonal Isolation R & D Effort Update
• Introduction– Importance of cementing/ZI R&D– Focus on displacement & cement placement
• Overview of Prior Work– Current state-of-the-art in open literature– New SPE paper
• R&D Progress– Modeling work– Timeline and deliverables
• Q & A Session
© Dr. Eric van Oort
Slide 2
Eric van Oort Saeid Enayatpour
Slide 3
Industry Effort after Macondo
Reactive• Blowout recovery focus
– Human factors/situational awareness during incidents
– BOP operation during blowout– Spill prevention– Spill recovery– Incident command, sharing of
information– Well capping– Relief well planning & execution– Etc.
Proactive• Blowout prevention focus
– Human factors/situational awareness to prevent incidents
– Active RTM and verification of barriers
– SEMS– Cementing and zonal isolation
improvement– Interpretation of positive /
negative production casing tests– Etc.
Industry efforts to date seem to have gravitated to being reactive, rather than proactive – but the focus is shifting!
Slide 5
© Dr. Eric van Oort
BSEE Database on Offshore Blowouts
SPE 170323-MS • Improved Regulatory Oversight using Real-Time Data Monitoring Technologies in the Wake of Macondo • Kyle M. Carter & Eric van Oort
(From Booth, 2010)
Drilling Event
Formation Strength
Drilling Event
Drilling Event
Casing & Cement
Casing & Cement
BOP Reliability
Drilling Event Detection
Casing & Cement EvaluationBOP Reliability Verification
Formation Strength Evaluation
Slide 6
© Dr. Eric van Oort
Cementing is evidently the lead cause of offshore blowouts
DW Well Design EvolutionNormal Clearance Well Tight Clearance Wells
Slide 7
Adopted from API RP 96, courtesy John Gradishar
© Dr. Eric van Oort
Mars B – Olympus Well Design
Picture adopted from OTC 25437
Picture adopted from SPE 170977
Work by van der Haak, Grant, Japar and Reagins - Shell
Slide 8
© Dr. Eric van Oort
Mars B –Olympus Well
Design
Picture adopted from OTC 25437
Work by van der Haak, Grant, Japar and Reagins - Shell
Slide 9
© Dr. Eric van Oort
• Wellbore integrity - no flows /no losses / no instability
• Wellbore deviation• Wellbore quality / uniformity• Annular clearances• Casing centralization • Flow rate • Mud-spacer rheological relationship• Cement-spacer rheological relationship• Cement volume - contact time • Pipe movement (rotation/reciprocation)
What is Important in Cementing?Cementing is 80-90% a (dis)placement problem and 10-20% a chemistry problem
Chemistry
Placement
• Cement-formation-pipe material property (bonding) relationship
• Cement material properties
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© Dr. Eric van Oort
85% Displacement!
15% Chemistry
OESI Effort: Cement Displacement Modeling1. Few displacement models readily available for job design / evaluation
o Usually proprietary / black boxo Usually company exclusive
2. Cement displacement is a very complex problemo Must account for drilling fluid, spacer(s), cement (lead, tail)o Must account for contrast in density, viscosity, polarity, etc. between fluidso Must properly reflect non-Newtonian viscosity (3-parameter model such as YPL)o Must account for pumping schedule, rates, laminar vs. turbulence, contact timeo Must account for well trajectory (depth, deviation, azimuth, tortuosity)o Must account for casing characteristics (connections, floats, shoe track, etc.)o Must be able to simulate pipe eccentricity o Must be able to simulate casing movement, i.e. rotation / reciprocationo Etc.
3. Modeling requires sophisticated software (which we have: ANSYS FLUENT) 4. Modeling requires relevant expertise (which we have: Dr. Saeid
Enayatpour)
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© Dr. Eric van Oort
Prior Work - Overview• OTC 18513 – Savery, Darbe & Chin – Halliburton – 2007
– Modeling Fluid Interfaces During Cementing Using a 3D Displacement Simulator
• SPE 124726 – Moroni et al., Halliburton, 2009– Pipe rotation Improved Hole Cleaning and Cement-Slurry Placement: Mathematical
Modeling and field Validation
• SPE/IADC 166799 – Edwards et al. – Shell/Halliburton – 2013– Prediction of Residual Cement in Drillpipe after Balanced-Plug Job using Finite
Difference 3D Displacement Simulator
• IADC/SPE 167922 – Chen et al. – Baker Hughes – 2014– Intermixing of Cementing Fluids: Understanding Mud Displacement and Cement
Placement
• SPE 177612 – Godoy et al. – Statoil / Oxand – 2015– Well Integrity Support by Extending Cement Evaluation – Numerical Modeling of
Primary Cement Jobs
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© Dr. Eric van Oort
Previous Work on Fluid DisplacementA number of studies have been carried out on fluid displacement in pipes. The main issues observed in most of these studies are as follows:• Many simplifying assumptions are made which get the
numerical results far from field condition• Combined physics of the model complexity such as pipe
geometry, eccentricity, etc. with non-Newtonian rheology are barely used in the context of a finite element tool
• Computational requirements are intensive (excessive)• Model/software is proprietary / not readily accessible
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© Dr. Eric van Oort
Progress by OESI / UT Austin• ANSYS Model validation work
– Numerical model compared to analytical solutions
• Concentric and eccentric pipe scenario’s
• Two-phase immiscible flow– Mud / spacer or mud / cement
displacement• Newtonian and YPL fluid models
– Most drilling / cementing fluids follow YPL model
• Effect of pipe rotation• No simplifying assumptions in
solving the N-S equations!
Slide 14
© Dr. Eric van OortSPE 184702 – SPE/IADC Drilling Conference 2017
Feb. 2016: Validation WorkSlide 15
© Dr. Eric van Oort
Figure 12 – Three instances at sequential times of interface locations and conditions in a two-phase immiscible YPL fluid displacement.
Deepwater Intermediate String Calculations
Slide 16
13 5/8” Casing in 16.5” hole
Cement Displacement Video
Effect on Hydraulic Pressure / ECD
Slide 18
© Dr. Eric van Oort
Hydraulic pressure reduces with increasing pipe eccentricity, lowering ECD
Effect of Pipe Rotation - 1
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© Dr. Eric van Oort
Effect of Pipe Rotation - 2
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Combined Effect of Eccentricity & Pipe Rotation
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Quiz: what are the possible implications of the results in these two graphs?
Timeline & Deliverables
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© Dr. Eric van Oort
Milestone
Invitation to AC members (deepwater operators in particular) to work with us to simulate field cases, particularly deepwater production casing cementations!
Q & A
Slide 23
© Dr. Eric van Oort