VOL. CLXVII . . . No. 58,043 © 2018 The New York Times Company NEW YORK, FRIDAY, AUGUST 3, 2018

C M Y K Nxxx,2018-08-03,A,001,Bs-4C,E2

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Rohingya Muslims are returning toMyanmar, the government says. Butthe truth is less clear. PAGE A8

Repatriation Tests Myanmar

Will the trade cease-fire between Brus-sels and the White House hold? Theuncertainty hurts growth. PAGE B1

BUSINESS DAY B1-7

Europeans on Edge

Lou Barletta, an immigration hard-linerin the Trump mold, is lagging in theSenate race in Pennsylvania, a stateDonald Trump won in 2016. PAGE A12

NATIONAL A12-19

Trailing in PennsylvaniaIn 1977, New York made carrying smallamounts of the drug in someone’spocket merely a ticket-worthy violation.But with the rise of broken-windowspolicing, arrests skyrocketed. PAGE A20

NEW YORK A20-21

Marijuana Law’s Trapdoor

A survey by two galleries exploringcontemporary painting misses someartists, Roberta Smith says. Above, JanaEuler’s “Shape of Painting.” PAGE C11

WEEKEND ARTS C1-22

An (Incomplete) State of the Art

Kara Swisher PAGE A23

EDITORIAL, OP-ED A22-23

In late June, after wordemerged that the white suprema-cists who organized last year’sdeadly “Unite the Right” march inCharlottesville, Va., had applied tohold an anniversary rally thismonth in Washington, a local poli-tical activist, Brendan Orsinger,saw that a Facebook event pagehad been created for a counter-protest.

He recognized it as trouble. Lit-tle did he know just how much.

The event page was created onJune 24 by a feminist-orientedFacebook political page called Re-sisters. On June 25, Mr. Orsingerreached out via Facebook to a Re-sisters administrator he knew as“Mary,” whom he had messagedbefore, to discuss how Washing-ton-based activists resent it whennational activists crowd out localorganizers on an event.

Mr. Orsinger gently suggested

to “Mary” that the Resisters “getbuy-in from local DC organizers ofcolor first,” like the local BlackLives Matter chapter, for thecounterprotest, according to mes-sages reviewed by The New YorkTimes. “Mary” appeared recep-tive, he said. So Mr. Orsinger con-nected several other Washington-based activist groups to help fleshout the event page the Resistershad started.

This week, to the shock of Mr.

Facebook Scrubs Fakers, but Hurts Real ActivistsBy KATE CONGER

and CHARLIE SAVAGE

Continued on Page A17

THREAT IS REAL Trump administration officials on Thursday vowed to fight election meddling. Fromleft, Sarah Huckabee Sanders, John Bolton, Kirstjen Nielsen and Christopher Wray. Page A16.

TOM BRENNER FOR THE NEW YORK TIMESBy 1956, Ernest Hemingway

was in a free fall.Once transformative and capti-

vating, his short, simple staccatostyle that remade American writ-ing decades before had gone stale.It was now emulated by numerousauthors. Lost in a literary rut, hebecame a caricature of his super-macho characters. He dodgedsniper’s bullets in France, chasedwild animals in Africa and tried tooutrun fame.

That summer, Hemingwayfound inspiration for his fiction inhis adventures years earlier as acorrespondent in World War II.He wrote five short stories aboutthe war, he told his publisher, witha stipulation: “You can alwayspublish them after I’m dead.”

Six decades later and long afterhis suicide in 1961, only one of

those stories had been published— until Thursday. The newly pub-lished work, “A Room on the Gar-den Side,” is a roughly 2,100-wordstory told in the first person by anAmerican writer named Robertjust after Allied soldiers liberated

Paris from the Nazis in August1944.

There is little doubt that Robertis based on the author himself.The scene from the title is a gar-den-view room at the Ritz, the lux-ury hotel in Paris on the PlaceVendôme that Hemingwayadored and claimed to have “liber-ated” in the war. Soldiers in thestory call Robert by the writer’snickname, “Papa.” There areother signs, too: exclusive mag-nums of champagne, doting serv-ice from the hotelier and discus-sions about books and writers andthe trappings of celebrity.

“Hemingway’s deep love for hisfavorite city as it is just emergingfrom Nazi occupation is on full dis-play, as are the hallmarks of hisprose,” said Andrew F. Gulli, themanaging editor of The StrandMagazine, the literary quarterly

Print It ‘After I’m Dead’: A Hemingway War TaleBy MATTHEW HAAG

Continued on Page A19

Ernest Hemingway in Francein 1944 during World War II.

CENTRAL PRESS/GETTY IMAGES

WASHINGTON — The Trumpadministration on Thursday putforth its long-awaited proposal tofreeze antipollution and fuel-effi-ciency standards for cars, signifi-cantly weakening one of Presi-dent Barack Obama’s signaturepolicies to combat global warm-ing.

The proposed new rules wouldalso challenge the right of states,California in particular, to set theirown, more stringent tailpipe pol-lution standards. That would setthe stage for a legal clash thatcould ultimately split the nation’sauto market in two.

The administration plan imme-diately faced opposition from anunusual mix of critics — includingnot only environmentalists andconsumer groups but auto-indus-try representatives as well as indi-vidual states — which are nowpushing for changes to the plan.

The plan, jointly published bythe Environmental ProtectionAgency and the TransportationDepartment, would roll back a2012 rule that required automak-ers to nearly double the fuel econ-omy of passenger vehicles to anaverage of about 54 miles per gal-lon by 2025. It would halt require-ments that automakers buildcleaner, more fuel-efficient carsincluding hybrids and electric ve-hicles.

That Obama-era rule, whichaimed to cut the nation’s green-house gas emissions while reduc-ing oil consumption, was opposedby automakers that said it wasoverly burdensome. However, theTrump proposal goes much fur-ther than many major automak-ers wanted, and manufacturersare now worried that years of le-gal challenges and regulatory un-certainty could complicate theirbusiness.

The governor of California,Jerry Brown, said his state wasprepared to fight. “For Trump tonow destroy a law first enacted atthe request of Ronald Reagan fivedecades ago is a betrayal and anassault on the health of Americanseverywhere,” he said.

In a statement titled “MakeCars Great Again” published onThursday on The Wall Street Jour-nal’s website, Transportation Sec-retary Elaine L. Chao and AndrewWheeler, the acting administratorof the E.P.A., wrote that theObama-era standards would “im-pose significant costs on Ameri-can consumers and eliminate

U.S. ISSUES PLANTO WEAKEN RULESON FUEL ECONOMY

UNDOING OBAMA POLICY

California Leads UnusualBloc of Critics ThatIncludes Industry

By CORAL DAVENPORT

Continued on Page A15

U.S. Steel. General Motors.AT&T. Exxon Mobil.

Small potatoes.Apple on Thursday reached a

milestone that these icons of capi-talism never dreamed of: a mar-ket value of more than $1 trillion.

That landmark is the result ofan extraordinary corporate suc-cess story. In a span of just 21years, a near-bankrupt computermaker evolved into the most valu-able publicly traded company inthe United States, one whose inno-vative products have reshapedswaths of everyday life.

But Apple’s new 13-figure valu-ation also highlights how a groupof enormous companies has cometo dominate the United Stateseconomy. Today, a smaller clusterof American companies com-mands a larger share of total cor-

porate profits than since at leastthe 1970s.

The impact of this phenomenonhas been clear in the stock mar-kets, where a band of household-name companies — led by Apple,Amazon, Facebook and Google —has fueled the nine-year bull mar-ket, the second-longest behind therally that ended in 2000. Their suc-cesses also are propelling thebroader economy, which is ontrack for its fastest growth rate ina decade.

But the effects of the consolida-tion of corporate profits extend farbeyond the stock markets — and

they are not entirely benign.Economists, for example, are

starting to look into whether therise of so-called superstar firms iscontributing to the lacklusterwage growth, shrinking middleclass and rising income inequalityin the United States. The vast so-cial and political influence wieldedby these mega-companies hasprompted lawmakers to demandmore regulation to rein them in.

“It’s one of the most importanttrends that we’re experiencing,”said Roni Michaely, an economistat the University of Geneva. “It’sreally about economic growth,economic inequality and con-sumer welfare.”

In the past few decades, a pro-found shift has taken place in thedistribution of corporate profitsamong American companies. In1975, 109 companies collected halfof the profits produced by all pub-licly traded companies. Today,those winnings are captured byjust 30 companies, according toresearch by Kathleen M. Kahle, aUniversity of Arizona finance pro-fessor, and René M. Stulz, an econ-omist at Ohio State University.

The difference between howmuch it costs American compa-nies to make their products andhow much they sell those prod-

Apple Hits $1 Trillion Threshold. At What Cost?By MATT PHILLIPS

Apple, Facebook, Amazon, Netflix and Alphabet account for roughly half the year’s gains on the Standard & Poor’s 500-stock index.EMMA HOWELLS/THE NEW YORK TIMES

Mega-Companies Drivethe Markets, but Also

Income Inequality

Continued on Page A19

CLEVELAND — Nick Nutter,an All-American heavyweightwrestler at Ohio State turned pro-fessional martial arts fighter, satwatching the television last Janu-ary as one by one, the young wom-en, former gymnasts — some ofthem Olympians — took the standin a courtroom in Michigan, and inwrenching testimony, detailedhow their team doctor, LawrenceG. Nassar, had used his power tosexually abuse them.

The memories that Mr. Nutterfor so long had tried to bury camesurging back, he said: how whenhe was in college, his team doctorgroped him “19 exams out of 20”;how the doctor once called him tohis house for an emergency treat-ment of a poison ivy rash, care-fully laid down and smoothed outa white linen sheet on his bed,then repeatedly groped his geni-tals when he was supposed to betreating the rash — and how fortwo decades, the burly no-holds-barred fighting veteran had saidnothing.

Watching the Nassar trial“woke up the beast,” he recalled atan airport coffee shop here beforea flight to Florida for work. Mr.Nutter said he had always be-lieved, “He’s a doctor, I’m sure

For Wrestlers,#MeToo Stirs

Buried BeastBy CATIE EDMONDSON

and MARC TRACY

Continued on Page A19

ROME — Pope Francis has de-clared the death penalty wrong inall cases, a definitive change inchurch teaching that is likely tochallenge Catholic politicians,judges and officials who have ar-gued that their church was not en-tirely opposed to capital punish-ment.

Before, church doctrine ac-cepted the death penalty if it was“the only practicable way” to de-fend lives, an opening that someCatholics took as license to sup-port capital punishment in manycases.

But Francis said executionswere unacceptable in all cases be-cause they are “an attack” on hu-man dignity, the Vatican an-nounced on Thursday, adding thatthe church would work “with de-termination” to abolish capitalpunishment worldwide.

Francis made the change to theCatechism of the Roman CatholicChurch, the book of doctrine thatis taught to Catholic childrenworldwide and studied by adultsin a church with 1.2 billion mem-bers. Abolishing the death penaltyhas long been one of his top priori-ties, along with saving the envi-ronment and caring for immi-grants and refugees.

A majority of the world’s coun-tries — including nearly every na-tion in Europe and Latin America,regions that are home to largeCatholic populations — have al-ready banned the death penalty,according to Amnesty Interna-tional.

The pope’s decree is likely to hithardest in the United States,where a majority of Catholics sup-port the death penalty and thepowerful “pro-life movement” hasfocused almost exclusively onending abortion — not the deathpenalty. The pope’s move couldput Catholic politicians in a newand difficult position, especiallyCatholic governors like Greg Ab-bott of Texas and Pete Ricketts of

Pope DeclaresDeath PenaltyAlways Wrong

Doctrine Change CouldHit U.S. Hardest

By ELISABETTA POVOLEDOand LAURIE GOODSTEIN

Continued on Page A11

Ohio State’s inquiry into Urban Meyershows a stellar record no longer coversall sins, Marc Tracy writes. PAGE B8

SPORTSFRIDAY B8-11

A New Era of College FootballChinese companies are running intoregulatory roadblocks. In the U.S., HNAhit one red light after another. PAGE B1

Chinese Ambitions Stall

The F.D.A. was aware opioids for cancerpain were given to other patients butdid little to intervene. PAGE A13

Fentanyl Abuse Was Uncurbed

Emmerson Mnangagwa was named thewinner of Zimbabwe’s presidentialelection on Friday morning. PAGE A4

INTERNATIONAL A4-11

Zimbabwe Declares a Winner The governor has ordered an inquiryinto why a same-sex couple was refuseda marriage license by the clerk in Root,N.Y. A lawyer for the clerk says theyneeded an appointment. PAGE A20

Cuomo Questions a Gay Snub

In 1997, Steve Jobs once said,Apple was on the brink of bank-ruptcy. Now it is the first publiclytraded American company to beworth $1 trillion. Page B1.

A Company ‘on the Rocks’

Late EditionToday, clouds and sunshine, show-ers or thunderstorms, humid, high86. Tonight, showers and thunder-storms, low 72. Tomorrow, showers,high 84. Weather map, Page B14.

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