Post on 24-Jun-2015
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On Raising RobotsFive Hints on Making Robots ‘Intelligent’
!Philip Dudchuk
• Most of robots invented in sci-fi are anthropomorphic in their appearance
• What is usually supposed to be robot’s ‘intelligence’ is no externally motivated set of features, but yet another requirement of anthropomorphism
Why is it hard to model human intelligence?
Indirect Access Problem
Self-Modeling Problem
«[F]ifty thousand years ago there were these three guys spread out across the plain and they each heard something rustling in the grass. The first one thought it was a tiger, and he ran like hell, and it was a tiger but the guy got away. The second one thought the rustling was a tiger and he ran like hell, but it was only the wind and his friends all laughed at him for being such a chickenshit.
«But the third guy thought it was only the wind, so he shrugged it off and the tiger had him for dinner. And the same thing happened a million times across ten thousand generations—and after a while everyone was seeing tigers in the grass even when there weren’t any tigers, because even chickenshits have more kids than corpses do.
«And from those humble beginnings we learn to see faces in the clouds and portents in the stars, to see agency in randomness, because natural selection favours the paranoid. Even here in the 21st century we can make people more honest just by scribbling a pair of eyes on the wall with a Sharpie. Even now we are wired to believe that unseen things are watching us.»
• The human acquired a set of cognitive abilities usually called ‘intelligence,’ as well as the capacity to distinguish an intelligent and non-intelligent behavior
• However due to the self-modelling problem these abilities didn’t allow yet to model these abilities in full scale
Because of the lack of human-independent evidence of ‘intelligence’, all the we can model (and recognize) is its its surface manifestation, or ‘intelligent behavior.’
Intelligent Behavior
1. Logical reasoning and problem solving
2. Ability to plan
3. Ability to learn
4. Ability to communicate
5. Creative ability
1. Logical reasoning and problem solving
2. Ability to plan
3. Ability to learn
4. Ability to communicate !
5. Creative ability
ELIZA, 1966
Artificial Intelligence Markup Language
Artificial Intelligence Markup Language
#1: Communication never lacks a topic
#2: Communication is never unilateral
#3: Communication conditions actions
#4: Communication is context-dependent
#5: There can be not a single pair of same contexts in communication
#1: Communication never lacks a topic !#2: Communication is never unilateral !#3: Communication yields action !#4: Communication is context-dependent !#5: There can be not a single pair of same contexts in communication