Post on 31-Jan-2016
description
transcript
Ondřej Svoboda
• Nuclear Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic• Department of Nuclear Reactors, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague
Cross-section measurements of the (n,xn) threshold reactions
1.6 GeV deuteron irradiation of the Energy plus Transmutation setup
OutlineOutline
• Motivation for Motivation for measurements measurements• Requirements Requirements ffoorr measurements measurements• TSL Uppsala experimentTSL Uppsala experiment• Experiments on Cyclotron in ŘežExperiments on Cyclotron in Řež• Cross-section conclusionCross-section conclusion• 1.6 GeV deuteron E+T experiment1.6 GeV deuteron E+T experiment• Simulations and comparisonsSimulations and comparisons of Exp of Exp ×× Sim Sim• Data share spaceData share space• E+T conclusionE+T conclusion
- Motivation for measurements
- Requirements
- TSL Uppsala
- Cyclotron Řež
- conclusion
- E+T:1.6 GeV d+
- Simulations &
comparisons
- Data share
- E+T conclusion
Motivation for Motivation for measurement – E+T measurement – E+T
)()(
)(
11
1
)(
0
irrreal tirr
t
t
foillive
real
areaP
irrabspyield e
t
e
e
mt
t
CCoiEI
CCSN
- Motivation for measurements • Energy plus Transmutation
• Yield to neutron flux
- Requirements
- TSL Uppsala
- Cyclotron Řež
- conclusion
- E+T:1.6 GeV d+
- Simulations &
comparisons
- Data share
- E+T conclusion
We want to measureWe want to measure
Yield to neutron flux problemYield to neutron flux problem
Solving a Fredholm equation we can find Φ(E):Solving a Fredholm equation we can find Φ(E):
dEEENbeam
thresh
E
E
yield )()(
We would like to find! We would like to find! (Up to know only MCNPX simulation)(Up to know only MCNPX simulation)
Poor knowledge of Poor knowledge of
MeasuredMeasured in E+T in E+T
197Au(n,2n)196Au
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
0 10 20 30 40 50Neutron energy [MeV]
Cro
ss-s
ectio
n [b
arn]
EXFORENDF
197Au(n,4n)194Au
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
0 10 20 30 40 50Neutron energy [MeV]
EXFORENDF
- Motivation for measurements • Energy plus Transmutation
• Yield to neutron flux
- Requirements
- TSL Uppsala
- Cyclotron Řež
- conclusion
- E+T:1.6 GeV d+
- Simulations &
comparisons
- Data share
- E+T conclusion
Requirements for Requirements for -measurements by activation method: -measurements by activation method:
- high energy neutron source with good intensityhigh energy neutron source with good intensity
- (quasi)monoenergetic neutrons with well known spectrum (quasi)monoenergetic neutrons with well known spectrum
- pure monoisotopic samples pure monoisotopic samples
- good spectroscopic equipment – good spectroscopic equipment – and X-rays spectrometersand X-rays spectrometers
- knowledge about the corrections on beam fluctuation, knowledge about the corrections on beam fluctuation, self- absorption, non-point like emitters… self- absorption, non-point like emitters…
Requirements Requirements ffoorr measurements measurements
An
yield
NN
ASN
Evaluation process:Evaluation process:
Irradiation HPGe Spectra evaluation Corrections NIrradiation HPGe Spectra evaluation Corrections NYieldYield
- Motivation for measurements
- Requirements • Equipment • Materials
- TSL Uppsala
- Cyclotron Řež
- conclusion
- E+T:1.6 GeV d+
- Simulations &
comparisons
- Data share
- E+T conclusion
Measured materialsMeasured materials
ReactionReactionEE threshthresh
[MeV][MeV]Half-lifeHalf-life
197197Au (n,2n) Au (n,2n) 196196AuAu 8.18.1 6.183 d6.183 d
197197Au (n,3n) Au (n,3n) 195195AuAu 14.814.8 186.1 d186.1 d
197197Au (n,4n) Au (n,4n) 194194AuAu 23.223.2 38.02 h38.02 h
197197Au (n,5n) Au (n,5n) 193193AuAu 30.230.2 17.65 h17.65 h
197197Au (n,6n) Au (n,6n) 192192AuAu 38.938.9 4.94 h4.94 h
197197Au (n,7n) Au (n,7n) 191191AuAu 45.745.7 3.18 h3.18 h
In Řež also In Řež also measured:measured:
Mg, Ni, Fe, ZnMg, Ni, Fe, Zn
iodine iodine (KIO(KIO44))
- Motivation for measurements
- Requirements • Equipment • Materials
- TSL Uppsala
- Cyclotron Řež
- conclusion
- E+T:1.6 GeV d+
- Simulations &
comparisons
- Data share
- E+T conclusion
TSL UppsalaTSL Uppsala- Protons on Li target or spallation sourceProtons on Li target or spallation source
- Neutrons with energies 11-174 MeVNeutrons with energies 11-174 MeV
- Well known beam and neutron spectrumWell known beam and neutron spectrum
- Motivation for measurements
- Requirements
- TSL Uppsala • Introduction • Blue hall • Experiment • Measurements
- Cyclotron Řež
- conclusion
- E+T:1.6 GeV d+
- Simulations &
comparisons
- Data share
- E+T conclusion
1E0
1E2
1E4
1E6
1E8
1E-7 1E-5 1E-3 1E-1 1E+1 1E+3Neutron Energy [MeV]
Neu
tro
n f
lux
den
sity
[1/
(cm
2.s)
]
spallation source at JINR
quasi-monoenergetic source at TSL102
104
108
106
0 10-7 10-3 10-5
10-1 101 103
TSL Uppsala – Blue hallTSL Uppsala – Blue hall- Motivation for measurements
- Requirements
- TSL Uppsala • Introduction • Blue hall • Experiment • Measurements
- Cyclotron Řež
- conclusion
- E+T:1.6 GeV d+
- Simulations &
comparisons
- Data share
- E+T conclusion
Experimental setup Experimental setup in the Blue hallin the Blue hall
Neutron spectraNeutron spectra
TSL Uppsala - irradiationsTSL Uppsala - irradiations
- 3 irradiations on the Li target – 25- 3 irradiations on the Li target – 25,, 50 50,, and and 100100 MeV p+ MeV p+- Motivation for measurements
- Requirements
- TSL Uppsala • Introduction • Blue hall • Experiment • Measurements
- Cyclotron Řež
- conclusion
- E+T:1.6 GeV d+
- Simulations &
comparisons
- Data share
- E+T conclusion
June 2008, supported by June 2008, supported by EFNUDAT programEFNUDAT program
- one irradiation on the ANITA - one irradiation on the ANITA spallation target – 1spallation target – 1880 MeV p+0 MeV p+
Proton beam energy [MeV] 24.68 ± 0.04 49.5 ± 0.2 97.9 ± 0.3
Li-target thickness [mm] 2 4 8.5
Proton beam current [A] 10 10 5
Average energy of peak neutrons [MeV] 21.8 46.5 94.7
Fraction of neutrons in the peak [%] 50 39 41
Peak neutron flux density [105 cm-2 s-1] 1.3 2.9 4.6
TSL Uppsala TSL Uppsala – spectroscopic measurements– spectroscopic measurements
- 8 hours 8 hours each irradiationeach irradiation
- one day of spectroscopic measurementsone day of spectroscopic measurements after each irradiation after each irradiation
Au, Al, Bi, In, Ta, I samplesAu, Al, Bi, In, Ta, I samples
Present status:Present status:
Finished yields evaluation, waiting Finished yields evaluation, waiting forfor the beam data... the beam data...to be to be completecompletedd soonsoon
- Motivation for measurements
- Requirements
- TSL Uppsala • Introduction • Blue hall • Experiment • Measurements
- Cyclotron Řež
- conclusion
- E+T:1.6 GeV d+
- Simulations &
comparisons
- Data share
- E+T conclusion
Cyclotron ŘežCyclotron Řež
- Protons on Li targetProtons on Li target
- Neutrons with energies 10-37 MeVNeutrons with energies 10-37 MeV
- Good intensities: 10Good intensities: 1088 n cm n cm-2 -2 ss-1-1
- Well equipped spectroscopic Well equipped spectroscopic laboratory (NSD-NPI)laboratory (NSD-NPI)
- Motivation for measurements
- Requirements
- TSL Uppsala
- Cyclotron Řež • Introduction • Experiments • Preliminary results
- conclusion
- E+T:1.6 GeV d+
- Simulations &
comparisons
- Data share
- E+T conclusion
BeamBeam-line-line
Li-targetLi-target
GraphiteGraphite stopper stopper
SamplesSamples
Cyclotron Řež – experimentsCyclotron Řež – experiments
- Up to now 2 experiments: 20 and 25 MeVUp to now 2 experiments: 20 and 25 MeV
- Au, Al, Bi, In, Ta, I, Ni, Fe, Mg, ZnAu, Al, Bi, In, Ta, I, Ni, Fe, Mg, Zn
- next irradiationnext irradiationss plan plannned on October 2008ed on October 2008
0E+00
4E+14
8E+14
1E+15
2E+15
0 10 20 30 40Neutron energy [MeV]
20 MeV25 MeV30 MeV35 MeV40 MeV
.1014
.1014
0
n [
1/s
r M
eV
C]
.1015
.1015
- Motivation for measurements
- Requirements
- TSL Uppsala
- Cyclotron Řež • Introduction • Experiments • Preliminary results
- conclusion
- E+T:1.6 GeV d+
- Simulations &
comparisons
- Data share
- E+T conclusion
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
20 25 30 35 40Energy [MeV]
Cro
ss-s
ecti
on
[b
arn
]
EXFOR dataOur value - Řež
Cyclotron Řež – experimental resultsCyclotron Řež – experimental results
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
0 10 20 30 40Energy [MeV]
Cro
ss-s
ecti
on
[b
arn
]EXFOR dataOur value - ŘežTentative data!Tentative data!
Evaluation not yet Evaluation not yet ready…ready…
An
yield
NN
ASN
Number of Number of neutrons in peakneutrons in peak
196196AuAu
194194AuAu- Motivation for measurements
- Requirements
- TSL Uppsala
- Cyclotron Řež • Introduction • Experiments • Preliminary results
- conclusion
- E+T:1.6 GeV d+
- Simulations &
comparisons
- Data share
- E+T conclusion
Conclusion – cross-sectionsConclusion – cross-sections
– Uppsala and Řež cross-section measurements Uppsala and Řež cross-section measurements covered wide spectrum of energies (20-100 MeV)covered wide spectrum of energies (20-100 MeV)
– Preliminary results show we are close to known Preliminary results show we are close to known cross-section valuescross-section values
– Near future – finalize experiment analysisNear future – finalize experiment analysis – – next experiments at Řež next experiments at Řež
– Farther future – next experiments at UppsalaFarther future – next experiments at Uppsala – – application of the results application of the results
on the E+T on the E+T experiments experiments – – publish the measured publish the measured
cross-sections cross-sections with respect to be with respect to be involved in the involved in the EXFOR EXFOR library if possiblelibrary if possible
- Motivation for measurements
- Requirements
- TSL Uppsala
- Cyclotron Řež
- conclusion
- E+T:1.6 GeV d+
- Simulations &
comparisons
- Data share
- E+T conclusion
Energy plus Transmutation - setupEnergy plus Transmutation - setup
Povray code – Povray code – renders pictures from renders pictures from
input files input files
- Motivation for measurements
- Requirements
- TSL Uppsala
- Cyclotron Řež
- conclusion
- E+T:1.6 GeV d+ • Setup - videos • Longitudinal results • Radial results • Spectral index • d x p – longitud • d x p - radial
- Simulations &
comparisons
- Data share
- E+T conclusion
1,E-7
1,E-6
1,E-5
1,E-4
1,E-3
1,E-2
-5 5 15 25 35 45Position along the target [cm]
Yie
ld [
1/g
*de
ute
ron
]
116mIn 115mIn 113mIn110In 109In 111In
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
1E-7
1E-6
1E-5
1E-4
-5 5 15 25 35 45Position along the target [cm]
Yie
ld [
1/g
*de
ute
ron
]
206Bi 205Bi 204Bi 203Bi 202Bi
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
Longitudinal distributions of isotopes – at 3 cmLongitudinal distributions of isotopes – at 3 cm
• produced in Au, Al, Bi and In foils,produced in Au, Al, Bi and In foils, 1.6 GeV deuterons 1.6 GeV deuterons
1E-7
1E-6
1E-5
1E-4
1E-3
1E-2
-5 5 15 25 35 45Position along the target [cm]
Yie
ld [
1/g
*deu
tero
n]
198Au 196Au 194Au 192Au 24Na
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
0+00
0+00
0+00
0+00
0+00
-5 5 15 25 35 45Position along the target [cm]
Yie
ld [1
/g*d
eute
ron]
90mY 87Y 86Y 85Y
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-8
- Motivation for measurements
- Requirements
- TSL Uppsala
- Cyclotron Řež
- conclusion
- E+T:1.6 GeV d+ • Setup - videos • Longitudinal results • Radial results • Spectral index • d x p – longitud • d x p - radial
- Simulations &
comparisons
- Data share
- E+T conclusion
1,E-07
1,E-06
1,E-05
1,E-04
1,E-03
1,E-02
2 4 6 8 10 12Radial distance from the target axis [cm]
Yie
ld [
1/g
*deu
tero
n]
116mIn 115mIn 113mIn110In 109In 111In
10-7
10-6
10-2
10-3
10-4
10-5
1E-7
1E-6
1E-5
1E-4
2 4 6 8 10 12Radial distance from the target axis [cm]
Yie
ld [
1/g
*deu
tero
n]
206Bi 205Bi 204Bi 203Bi 202Bi
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
1E-7
1E-6
1E-5
1E-4
1E-3
1E-2
2 4 6 8 10 12Radial distance from the target axis [cm]
Yie
ld [
1/g
*deu
tero
n]
198Au 196Au 194Au 192Au 24Na
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
Radial distributions of isotopes – 1st gapRadial distributions of isotopes – 1st gap• produced in Au, Al, Bi and In foils,produced in Au, Al, Bi and In foils, 1.6 GeV deuterons 1.6 GeV deuterons
0+00
0+00
0+00
0+00
2 4 6 8 10 12Radial distance from the target axis [cm]
Yie
ld [
1/g
*deu
tero
n]
90mY 87Y 86Y 85Y
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
- Motivation for measurements
- Requirements
- TSL Uppsala
- Cyclotron Řež
- conclusion
- E+T:1.6 GeV d+ • Setup - videos • Longitudinal results • Radial results • Spectral index • d x p – longitud • d x p - radial
- Simulations &
comparisons
- Data share
- E+T conclusion
012
24 36 4810,7 cm
8,5 cm6 cm
3 cm0,0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
Spectral indexSpectral index - - 192192Au/Au/196196AuAu
Sp
ectr
al i
nd
ex 19
2A
u/19
6A
u
BeamBeam
- Motivation for measurements
- Requirements
- TSL Uppsala
- Cyclotron Řež
- conclusion
- E+T:1.6 GeV d+ • Setup - videos • Longitudinal results • Radial results • Spectral index • d x p – longitud • d x p - radial
- Simulations &
comparisons
- Data share
- E+T conclusion
Comparison between experiments - longitudinalComparison between experiments - longitudinal
198Au196Au
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
1,4
-5 5 15 25 35 45Position along the target [cm]
Yie
ld [
- ]
2.52 GeV d 1.6 GeV d 0.7 Ge p
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
1,4
-5 5 15 25 35 45Position along the target [cm]
Yie
ld [
- ]
2.52 GeV d 1.6 GeV d 0.7 GeV p
Yields normalized to the second foilin each experiment
- Motivation for measurements
- Requirements
- TSL Uppsala
- Cyclotron Řež
- conclusion
- E+T:1.6 GeV d+ • Setup - videos • Longitudinal results • Radial results • Spectral index • d x p – longitud • d x p - radial
- Simulations &
comparisons
- Data share
- E+T conclusion
Experiment 198Au yield x104
0.7 GeV p 0.7 ± 0.5
1.6 GeV d 3.3 ± 0.7
2.52 GeV d 3.8 ± 0.3
Comparison between experiments - radialComparison between experiments - radial
198Au
196Au
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
1,2
1,4
2 4 6 8 10 12Radial distance from the target axis [cm]
Yie
ld [
- ]
2.52 GeV d 1.6 GeV d 0.7 GeV p
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
1,2
1,4
2 4 6 8 10 12Radial distance from the target axis [cm]
Yie
ld [
- ]
2.52 GeV d 1.6 GeV d 0.7 GeV p
Yields normalized to the first foil in each experiment
- Motivation for measurements
- Requirements
- TSL Uppsala
- Cyclotron Řež
- conclusion
- E+T:1.6 GeV d+ • Setup - videos • Longitudinal results • Radial results • Spectral index • d x p – longitud • d x p - radial
- Simulations &
comparisons
- Data share
- E+T conclusion
Simulations – MCNPX 2.6.Simulations – MCNPX 2.6.EE
- different INC+evaporation models - different INC+evaporation models availableavailable- only INCL4+ABLA can simulate - only INCL4+ABLA can simulate deuterons deuterons
with E > 2 GeVwith E > 2 GeV
- Motivation for measurements
- Requirements
- TSL Uppsala
- Cyclotron Řež
- conclusion
- E+T:1.6 GeV d+
- Simulations &
comparisons • MCNPX 2.6.E
• longitudinal
• radial
- Data share
- E+T conclusion 0
10
20
30
40
0 1000 2000 3000
Beam energy [MeV]
Nu
mb
er o
f n
eutr
on
s p
er
pro
ject
ile a
nd
GeV
proton beam (B+D)
deuteron beam (B+D)
deuteron beam (L+A)
proton beam (L+A)
But INCL4+ABLA needs 10x more timeBut INCL4+ABLA needs 10x more time=> solved thanks CESNET => solved thanks CESNET
METAcentrumMETAcentrum
0,0
0,4
0,8
1,2
1,6
2,0
-5 5 15 25 35 45Position along the target [cm]
Rat
io e
xp/s
im [
- ]
196Au 194Au 192Au 193Au
0,0
0,4
0,8
1,2
1,6
2,0
-5 5 15 25 35 45Position along the target [cm]
Rat
io e
xp/s
im [
- ]
196Au 194Au 193Au 192Au
Exp versus Sim – longitudinalExp versus Sim – longitudinal
- 3 cm - 3 cm over the over the target axis target axis
- 10.7 cm 10.7 cm over the over the target axis target axis
- Motivation for measurements
- Requirements
- TSL Uppsala
- Cyclotron Řež
- conclusion
- E+T:1.6 GeV d+
- Simulations &
comparisons • MCNPX 2.6.E
• longitudinal
• radial
- Data share
- E+T conclusion
0,0
0,4
0,8
1,2
1,6
2,0
2 4 6 8 10 12Radial distance from the target axis [cm]
Rat
io e
xp/s
im [
- ]
196Au 194Au 193Au 192Au
0,0
0,4
0,8
1,2
1,6
2,0
2 4 6 8 10 12Radial distance from the target axis [cm]
Rat
io e
xp/s
im [
- ]
196Au 194Au 193Au 192Au
Exp versus Sim - radialExp versus Sim - radial
- first gap
- behind the target
- Motivation for measurements
- Requirements
- TSL Uppsala
- Cyclotron Řež
- conclusion
- E+T:1.6 GeV d+
- Simulations &
comparisons • MCNPX 2.6.E
• longitudinal • radial
- Data share
- E+T conclusion
Data shareData share
- Exact setup description in - Exact setup description in the codesthe codes- MCNPX, FLUKA, TALYS- MCNPX, FLUKA, TALYS- Huge computing power - - Huge computing power - CESNETCESNET
We can We can simulate simulate various various problemsproblems
We offer help and space for collecting We offer help and space for collecting your E+T results, perform calculations your E+T results, perform calculations and make comparisons within the and make comparisons within the collaboration!!collaboration!!
- Motivation for measurements
- Requirements
- TSL Uppsala
- Cyclotron Řež
- conclusion
- E+T:1.6 GeV d+
- Simulations &
comparisons
- Data share
- E+T conclusion
http://ojs.ujf.cas.cz/~mitja/jinr/experimentshttp://ojs.ujf.cas.cz/~mitja/jinr/experiments
Energy plus Transmutation - conclusionEnergy plus Transmutation - conclusion
– Analysis of previous E+T experiments finished, Analysis of previous E+T experiments finished, simulations performedsimulations performed
– Published JINR preprints: E15-2007-81 Published JINR preprints: E15-2007-81 – 1 GeV p– 1 GeV p E15-2007-82 E15-2007-82 – MC – MC
ssimulationsimulations E1-2005-46 E1-2005-46 – 1.5 GeV p – 1.5 GeV p
– Preprints 0.7 & 2 GeV p, 2.52 & 1.6 GeV d will followPreprints 0.7 & 2 GeV p, 2.52 & 1.6 GeV d will follow
– In October – defense of Antonín Krása PhD. thesisIn October – defense of Antonín Krása PhD. thesis
– Future plans: Future plans: • Next E+T experiments – this November?Next E+T experiments – this November?• Further cross-section measurementsFurther cross-section measurements• Application of measured cross-section data to E+T dataApplication of measured cross-section data to E+T data
Thank you for your attention..
- Motivation for measurements
- Requirements
- TSL Uppsala
- Cyclotron Řež
- conclusion
- E+T:1.6 GeV d+
- Simulations &
comparisons
- Data share
- E+T conclusion