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OOSCIOut of School Children Initiative
What is the Out of School Children Initiative?
Who are the children out of school and where are they?
Why are these children out of
school?
How can they be brought to school
and stay there?
OOSCI was launched in 2010 by UNICEF and UIS
Why do we want ALL children in school?
Education is one of the best economic investments available with returns of $10 - $15 on the dollar
Education is associated with more peaceful communities, greater civic engagement and stronger democracies
Half of the recent reduction in maternal and infant mortality is due to more education for girls
As many as 250 million children of primary school age are failing to learn the basics
Each addition year of schooling is associated with an increase of 0.37% in GDP, rising to 1.0% with improved learning outcomes
Education is a human right. It empowers people to survive and thrive and is our most effective weapon against poverty
What does OOSCI do?
OOSCI aims to make a substantial and sustainable reduction in the number of children out of school
How much progress has been made?
• 30+ Country Studies completed
• 20+ Country Studies in the pipeline
• 7 Regional Reports published
• Global Report launched on 19 January 2015
Out-of-school children: What data (visually) tells
Hiro Hattori Data & Analytics Section
UNICEF, New York
If the world were a village of 100 childrenof primary school age…
9% of children out of schoolII
58 million
If the world were a village of 100 adolescentsof lower secondary school age…
17% of adolescents out of schoolII
63 million
Reasons for out-of-school vary among regions.
The global trend of OOSC
The global trend of OOSC
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Need another 200 years!
MDG 1Poverty Rate
MDG 1Stunting
MDG 4U5MR
MDG 2Out-of-school Rate
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Val
ue
rela
tive
to
19
90
(1
99
0 =
10
0)
Progress of MDG Indicators, Relative Change 1990-2012
Stagnation of education MDG alarming!
MDG 1Poverty Rate
MDG 1Stunting
MDG 4U5MR
MDG 2Out-of-school Rate
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Val
ue
rela
tive
to
19
90
(1
99
0 =
10
0)
Progress of MDG Indicators, Relative Change 1990-2012
Central and Eastern Europe
East Asia and the Pacific
Latin America & the Caribbean
Sub-Saharan Africa
Southern Asia
0
5000000
10000000
15000000
20000000
25000000
30000000
35000000
40000000
45000000
50000000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Number of out-of-school children by region, 2000-2012
SSA and SA are main drivers of stagnation.
Why has the progress stalled in recent years?
Economic growth has slowed down since 2008.
World
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Asia
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
%GDP growth (annual %), 2000-2013
Increased cases of emergencies and humanitarian crisis.
Majority of countries with high OOS rate are conflict-affected.
Existing data do not support conflict hypothesis.
Conflict-affected countries
Non conflict-affected countries
-
10,000,000
20,000,000
30,000,000
40,000,000
50,000,000
60,000,000
70,000,000
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Number of out-of-school children of primary school age, 2002-2012
-1,500,000 -1,000,000 -500,000 0 500,000 1,000,000 1,500,000
Pakistan
Mexico
Morocco
Ghana
Niger
Algeria
Russian Federation
Ukraine
Burkina Faso
Lao PDR
Eritrea
Turkey
Colombia
South Africa
United States of America
Indonesia
Nigeria
Change in number of out-of-school children between 2007 and 2012
Performance of big countries affect global trends.
World
East Asia and the Pacific
Latin America & the Caribbean
Southern Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Val
ue
rela
tive
to
20
00
(2
00
0 =
10
0)
Primary school age population, index of change, 2000-2012
Rapid population growth in sub-Saharan Africa
Faster growth in school enrolment needed.
Primary school age population
Primary school enrolment
60,000,000
70,000,000
80,000,000
90,000,000
100,000,000
110,000,000
120,000,000
130,000,000
140,000,000
150,000,000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Primary school age population and enrolment, Sub-Saharan Africa, 2000-2012
Primary school age population
Primary school enrolment
60,000,000
70,000,000
80,000,000
90,000,000
100,000,000
110,000,000
120,000,000
130,000,000
140,000,000
150,000,000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Primary school age population and enrolment, Sub-Saharan Africa, 2000-2012
Primary school age population
Primary school enrolment
60,000,000
70,000,000
80,000,000
90,000,000
100,000,000
110,000,000
120,000,000
130,000,000
140,000,000
150,000,000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Primary school age population and enrolment, Sub-Saharan Africa, 2000-2012
School enrolment has stagnated since 2007.
Primary school enrolment
Primary school age population
100,000,000
110,000,000
120,000,000
130,000,000
140,000,000
150,000,000
160,000,000
170,000,000
180,000,000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Primary school age population and enrolment, Southern Asia, 2000-2012
Primary school age population
Primary school enrolment
100,000,000
110,000,000
120,000,000
130,000,000
140,000,000
150,000,000
160,000,000
170,000,000
180,000,000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Primary school age population and enrolment, Southern Asia, 2000-2012
“Business as usual” wouldn’t work to reach the hardest to reach.
“Build it, they will come” optimism won’t work any more.
Where are the world’s 58 million out of school
children?
All countries
Nigeria
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Pakistan
Sudan
Afghanistan
Ethiopia
Philippines
Indonesia
India
United States
OOSC > 0.5 million
OOSC > 0.5 million
OOSC rate > 20%
Nigeria
PakistanDemocratic Republic of
the Congo
Afghanistan
Sudan
Somalia
Eritrea
South Sudan
Liberia
Guyana
Equatorial Guinea
Djibouti
OOSC rate > 20%
High proportions and numbers of OOSC concentrate in
Horn of Africa and Western and Central Africa.
OOSC rate > 20%
Which children are out of school?
Headlines 50% of out-of-school children live in countries
affected by conflict 50% of out-of-school children live in sub-Saharan
Africa 53% of out-of-school children are girls
Amongst out-of-school children 43% will never enter school 34% will enter school late 23% will drop out early
Who are these children?
More likely to be out of school:
• Children from the poorest families
• Children affected by conflict or natural disasters
• Girls
• Children with disabilities
• Children from rural areas
• Working children
• Children from minority ethnic or language groups
Why are they out of school?
Most common barriers:
• Cost of going to school
• Gender bias in culture or school system
• No schools nearby
• Schools don’t accept children with disabilities
• Security
• No jobs after finishing school
• Language of instruction
What policies can get children into school?
Profile Barrier
Girls from poor rural areas
Campaigns or legislation
Policy options
Campaigns
Cultural practices
Distance
Cultural biasChildren with disabilities
Children > 1 yrover age
Increase ECDLate entry
Accessibility Building regulations
Repetition Automatic promotion
Cost
Satellite schools
Abolish all fees
Infrastructure New funding formula
Why is equity important?
Thank you