Post on 29-Aug-2014
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?"By submitting User Submissions to the Service, you give Google a perpetual, irrevocable, worldwide, royalty-free, and non-exclusive license to reproduce, adapt, modify, translate, publish, publicly perform, publicly display, distribute, and create derivative works of the User Submission.“
http://www.google.com/mapmaker/mapfiles/s/terms_mapmaker.html
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Open Source as a an attitude and the approach of OSGeo
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Franz-Josef Behr
Hochschule für Technik StuttgartStuttgart University of Applied SciencesStuttgart Active Alumni Group
18 July 2012UTM, Johor Bahre
Partlially based on a presentation of Arnulf Christl, OSGeo President
http://www.metaspatial.net
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Agenda
My personal history Software Development Comparing Open Source and Proprietary Technological aspects Free Software Licenses The approach of SOGe
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My personal history
Academian 12 years of (closed) GIS business
– IBM GFIS– MapInfo– Municipalitiies, utility sector
Professor Involved in some (own) open source projects
– SUAS MapServer– Opengeocoding.org– http://www.opencts.org/ (see also http://geowen.hft-stuttgart.de/)
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2011 Cambridge ConferenceOSGeo - Spatially
Empowered Open Source 5/42
Software development team
Solves the problem
new version is released
Software users have new requirements, find bugs
Code is improved
Problem is identified
Software Development
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OSGeo - Spatially Empowered Open Source 6/42
Market analysis
Software development team
Goal: Goal: Solve problem
new version is released
Participators propose new features & find bugs
Improved code is published on the Web
Development team
develops software
Goal: Sell licensesGoal: Sell licenses Product launch
beta version release
for beta testerbeta tester reports errors to
development team
development team reproduces the error
development team solves problem after OK from pm
Proprietary motivation: Make MoneyProprietary motivation: Make Money
Problem is identified
development team reports to the product management
Internet as communication pool and distribution media
Open Source motivation: Solve Open Source motivation: Solve ProblemProblem
Proprietary vs Open Source
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OSGeo - Spatially Empowered Open Source 7/42
Market analysis
Development team
develops software
Goal: Sell licensesGoal: Sell licenses Product launch
beta version release
for beta testerbeta tester reports errors to
development team
development team reproduces the error
development team solves problem after OK from pm
Proprietary motivation: Make MoneyProprietary motivation: Make Money
development team reports to the product management
Proprietary Business Model
Black
Box
Primary Motivation: Having monetary success
Primary Task: Marketing of differentiation
Associated Business Model:
Restriction of distributionchannels
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Open Source Business Model
Software development team
Goal: Goal: Solve problem
new version is released
Participators propose new features & find bugs
Improved code is published on the Web
Problem is identified
Internet as communication pool and distribution media
Open Source motivation: Solve Open Source motivation: Solve ProblemProblem
Primary Motivation: Solve problems
Primary Task: Professional software
development, optimal problem solution, sharing the code
Associated Business Model: Openness Services, support Sponsored development and
adaption Training Distribution channel: Internet
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How can this be feasible?
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Overall Revenue in IT
Less than 10% of revenue in IT is generated through selling
software usage licenses.
(i.e. by restricting copying)
I.e. 90%: other servicesRead http://arnulf.us/Cadastre for more details.
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Idea of problem solving
Release (publish) the Source Code!
Download, installation, Usage
Feed back fromthe users
Open Source Project
Iterate…
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Open Source Development
Public access to code improves the quality Typically bugs are fixed faster Often more secure due to multiple scrutiny Innovation is easier – and... Users have full control about what they get ...and many more advantages.
Source Code contains all functionality (and only Source Code can be modified).
Read http://producingoss.org by Karl Fogel for details
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Is this Open Source?
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Open Source Development: The OpenLayers Example
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Groups involved
Users Mailing lists participants Registered developers (contributors) Project Steering Committee (7 members,
http://trac.openlayers.org/wiki/SteeringCommitteeMembers) Committee Chair
– facilitates discussion of proposals, responsible for memberships of the Project Steering Committee.
– adjudication in cases of disputes about voting.
Democratic process: Addition and removal of members from the committee, as well as selection of a Chair should be handled as a proposal to the committee.
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Development Process
Clear and sound development rules:
1. Proposals OpenLayers dev mailing list discussion and voting, for at least two business days.
2. Voting:1. "+1“: indicating support for the proposal and a willingness to support
implementation.2. "-1“: to veto a proposal, but must provide clear reasoning and alternate approaches
to resolving the problem3. “-0”: indicates mild disagreement, but no effect; “0”: no opinion, “+0”: mild
support, but no effect.3. Members of the Project Steering Committee's votes will be counted.4. Acceptance: +2 (including the proposer), no vetos (-1).5. Veto can be resubmitted for an override vote.
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Open Source developers (as well as often Closed Source Developers) use Open Source.
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Versioning and tracking
Code and content: in the OpenLayers Subversion (SVN) repository, http://svn.openlayers.org/
enabling worldwide development
Project management using trac– tracking system for bugs, feature requests, version
management etc (“tickets“)– interface to Subversion– allows wiki-like markup in descriptions and messages, creating
links and seamless references between bugs, tasks,files and wiki pages.
– timeline gives historic view of the project,
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OpenLayers Subversion System
a version control system (successor of CVS)
trunk: current version of project branches: copies of original source tags: copies without modifications sandbox: „playground“ for single
developers
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subversion_%28software%29
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Tracking system
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Testing Methodology
Test.AnotherWay-Framework
more than 2100 automated tests (http://openlayers.org/blog/2007/08/23/automated-testing/)
http://openlayers.org/dev/tests/run-tests.html
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Open Source Business
Implementation
Maintenance
Consulting
Support
bug fixing
Training
Service Level Agreement
But: Highly Competitive because no Monopolies!
Maintain specific distribution
Improve Software
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Back to Closed Source
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2011 Cambridge Conference
You are not allowed to copyYou are not allowed to modifyYou are not allowed to give away You are not allowed to improve You are not allowed to install You are not allowed to share You are not allowed to...
Proprietary Licenses
Today we can see a revival in the Terms of Services!i.e. Google Map’s Terms of Service
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The mental barrier: Copying is not Theft
There is a big difference between material theft and digital copying. – We have difficulties understanding this because we are physical
beings. But our Mind is not entirely material. So we should be able to understand
.
Because re-selling the same thing over and over again is highly profitable and it scales!
The manufacturing costs (i.e. Copying) are marginal.
Why are there many prohibiting licenses?
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Copying open source code is not plagiarism.
Open Code is licensed.
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Free Software Licensing
Free Software Licensing: Not as in "free beer" but as in free speech
You are free to:– use it anywhere for any purpose– understand and improve it– adjust it to suit your needs– collaborate with anybody else
http://www.fsf.org/
Guaranteed!
Guaranteed![http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html]
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Free Software Licensing
Free Software is a legal licensing model (attention: something like a vaccine) protecting your interests.
The opposite is proprietary software (also 'closed' or 'privative').
Nota bene: "commercial software" is a frequently used misnomer.
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Summarizing Open Source Development
Open Source might be a superior development model
The big business has recognized this long ago and provides full Open Source services
– IBM: Eclipse, Linux– Apache HTTP Server (and many other packages)– Many networking software packages
Software vendors adopt Open Source in geospatial including Autodesk, Oracle, and many others. Many companies nowadays recognizes that Open Source works.
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Yes, … but:
Anybody can call anything "Open Source"
And a name does not garantuee automaticallybetter software!
Using Open Source?
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2011 Cambridge ConferenceOSGeo - Spatially
Empowered Open Source 31/42
The largest open source development site SourceForge
hosts hundreds of thousands of software
projects
The State of Open Source GIS
The State of Open Source GIS
UbuntuGISUbuntuGIS
FreeGIS.orgFreeGIS.orgOpenSourceGIS.org OpenSourceGIS.org
Blogs
Tweet
codehouse
The Web – Knowledge Base
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2011 Cambridge ConferenceOSGeo - Spatially Empowered Open
Source32/42
Open Source Geospatial Foundation
Your Open Source Compass...organizes spatial IT
Quality Open Source
http://www.osgeo.org
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The OSGeo Foundation
OSGeo is a global non-profit organization founded in February 2006 Leading voice for
Geospatial Open Source
Structure similar to the Apache Foundation Volunteer based Funded by sponsorship
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OSGeo's Mission
Support and promote
the highest quality
Open Source
Geospatial Software
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OSGeo's Goals
Provide resources for FOSS4G projects:– Infrastructure– Legal frame– Financial support
Promote free and open spatial data Create and maintain a quality brand Create and promote free curriculum Promote and contribute to standards
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OSGeo Activities
On a global scale:– Provide mature software solutions– Support FOSS4G, an international open source conference for
geospatial application Support local activities and capacities
– Local open source conference for geospatial application (i.e. FOSS4G-SEA)
– Local chapters (soon Malaysia) Facilitate inter-project communication Build a solid market for businesses and users Interface with industry and business Support the education of domain experts not «brand-specialists» ...
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Formal Structure
Board of 9 Directorsand President
LocalChapters
LocalChapters
LocalChapters
OfficersOfficers25 Officers
LocalChapters
LocalChaptersFoundation
Projects
CommitteesCommitteesCommittees
elected by Membership
ExecutiveDirector
91 Charter Members
Charter Members vote
appointsrepresent
Sponsors
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2011 Cambridge ConferenceOSGeo - Spatially
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Committees
Board of 9 Directorsand President
LocalChapters
LocalChapters
LocalChapters
OfficersOfficers25 Officers
LocalChapters
LocalChaptersFoundation
Projects
CommitteesCommitteesCommittees
elected by Membership
ExecutiveDirector
91 Charter Members
Charter Members vote
appointsrepresent
Sponsors
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2011 Cambridge ConferenceOSGeo - Spatially
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Committees
Journal
Marketing
Education Geodata
Sysadmin
Website Conference
other...
Incubation
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Software
Board of 9 Directorsand President
LocalChapters
LocalChapters
LocalChapters
OfficersOfficers25 Officers
LocalChapters
LocalChaptersFoundation
Projects
CommitteesCommitteesCommittees
elected by Membership
ExecutiveDirector
91 Charter Members
Charter Members vote
appointsrepresent
Sponsors
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OSGeo Live DVD
OpenStreetMap
UMN MapServer
MapFish
web mapping
GRASS GIS
Quantum GISOSSIM
Desktop GIS
Application Server
GEOS
GDAL/OGR
GeoTools
Libraries
MetaCRS PostGIS
GeoMajas
Quantum GIS MapServer
deegree
OpenLayers GeoServer
MapGuide OS
deegree GIS
Mapnik
Viking
KOSMO
gvSIG
SpatialLite
uDigGeopublisher
Mapbender
GeoNetwork
GeoKettle
GMTZOO Project
FDO
Metadata
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Conclusions
Open Source is an inner habit and conviction.
OSGeo– supports Free and Open Source geopatial Software– is roof and umbrella for projects and communities– is a platform, to create and share software, information and know-
how You can profit from this community simply by participating
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Open Source (and OSGeo) work because you participate in the IT process!
Participation includes
using,
learning and then
contributing back to the communit.
And: Open Source makes IT a safer investment.
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Thank you foryour Attention