Organ printing:A computer-aided, layer-by-layer additive biofabrication of 3D

functional human tissue and organ constructs using self-assembling

tissue spheroids as building blocks.

Tissue fusion Tissue maturationBiofabrication of a vascular tree

Microsphere

as bioink

Biopaper

3D tissue fabrication process

3D bioprinting

techniques

Orifice-based

printing

Orifice-free

printing

Inkjet-based printing

Filament-based printing

Laser-based printing

3D cellular

tube being

printed

Z-shape platform

attached to Z

stage

Container

with

CaCl2

α

LED strobe Camera

Moving

direction

Dispense head

attached to XY stages

Bioink (3T3

cell

suspension

and NaAlg)

D

H

t

OXY

Z

CaCl2 solution level

Cells

Fig. (a) Printed tube and (b) tube surface and (c) cell viability test after liquefying

(a)

Cell

(b)

Live Cell

Dead Cell

After liquefying

(c)

[Murphy2014]

[Hockaday2012]

[Murphy2014] [Brown2010]

[Koch2012]

[Miller2012]

3D lattice of filaments

References