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Organism of the Day: CheetahAcinonyx jubatus

Ancient Egyptians tamed Cheetahs and kept them as pets.

Cheetahs can reach speeds of 70 to 75 mph, making it the fastest land animal. Cheetahs can accelerate from 0 to 63 mph in 3 seconds!

Very low genetic variability among cheetahs. This is thought to be due to a bottleneck during the last ice age.

1. How do large lungs enable a Cheetah to move at high speeds?2. What organelle uses oxygen and is known as the powerhouse of the cell?

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BiologyTuesday/Wednesday December 4/5, 2012

1. Organism of the Day 2. Review Notes on Cells3. Continue Notes on Cells4. Begin Cell Story Project AnnouncementsDue Thursday/Friday, December 4/5: Read 7.2 and answer questions 1 ­ 5

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Two Cell TypesProkaryotes and Eukaryotes

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Prokaryotes = Bacteria (mostly)CHARACTERISTICS• Simple• Small• Cell membrane and cell wall• No membrane­bound organelles but do have ribosomes.• Have DNA, but not in a nucleus

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What bacteria Do:• Autotrophs• Produce oxygen• Fix nitrogen• Recycle nutrients• Form antibiotics• Help in digestions/formation of vitamins• Production of cheese and yogurt

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Two Cell TypesProkaryotes and Eukaryotes

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Characteristics1. More complex2. Larger3. Cell membrane.4. Membrane bound organelles5. DNA in nucleus

Eukaryotes

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PARTS OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS

• Cell wall• Cell membrane• Lysosomes• Mitochondria• Nucleus • Ribosomes• Endoplasmic Reticulum• Golgi Apparatus• Cytoskeleton• Microtubules• Cilia

Know These!!!

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Cell WallSupport and protects plant and fungi cells. Made of cellulose in plants and chitin in fungi

Controls what comes in/out of a cell.

Plasma Membrane

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Eukaryotes

Organelles are important in keeping non­compatible reactions separate, yet allowing them to happen at the same time!

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Endocytosis

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LysosomesContain enzymes to break down food brought in by endocytosis; can also break down own molecules for recycling.

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MitochondriaBreak down food to produce adenosine triphosphate, ATP. ATP provides the cell with an accessible source of energy.

Can you name a functional group in ATP?

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NucleusContains chromosomes which are DNA wrapped around protein spools. Also contains nucleoli, which are areas where rRNA and tRNA are made.

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RibosomesSynthesize proteins

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Endoplasmic ReticulumA system of tubes that carry proteins to destinations in the cells and alters proteins as they move.

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Golgi ApparatusWhere proteins from the ER are further refined and packaged for final transport.

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VacuolesFound in both plant and animal cells; store water, digestive enzymes, salts, pigments, etc.

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CytoskeletonA network of protein fibers that help the cell keep its shape and helps things move around (like a freeway).

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Eukaryotic Cells

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Cell Story Project

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Reminders:

Exit Questions:

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Identify one difference between plant and animal cells.

Due Thursday/Friday December 6/7: Read 7.2 and answer questions 1 ­ 5.