Sacred space◦ Disposing of the dead◦ Religious settlements◦ Religious place names- Toponyms

Administration of space◦ Hierarchical religions- Catholicism and

Mormons◦ Locally autonomous religions- Islam and

Protestants

Organization of Space

Christians, Jews, and Muslims all bury their dead in cemeteries.

Cemeteries are still used as parks and green space in Islamic countries.

In China, 10% of arable land has been used for burial and the government has ordered the practice discontinued. Even ordering farmers to plow over sites.

Burial

Place Names in Québec

Fig. 6-12: Place names in Québec show the impact of religion on the landscape. Many cities and towns are named after saints.

Roman Catholic Hierarchy in U.S.

Fig. 6-13: The Catholic church divides the U.S. into provinces headed by archbishops. Provinces are divided into dioceses, headed by bishops.

Religion vs. government policies◦ Religion vs. social change (Taliban and Hindu

Caste system)◦ Religion vs. Communism (Marx “The opium of

the people”)

Religion vs. religion◦ Religious wars in Ireland◦ Religious wars in the Middle East

Religious Conflicts

Distribution of Protestants in Ireland, 1911

Fig 6-14: When Ireland became independent in 1937, 26 northern districts with large Protestant populations chose to remain part of the United Kingdom.

Jerusalem

Fig. 6-15: The Old City of Jerusalem contains holy sites for Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

Boundary Changes in Palestine/Israel

Fig. 6-16: The UN partition plan for Palestine in 1947 contrasted with the boundaries that were established after the 1948-49 War. Major changes later resulted from the 1967 War.

Israel, the West Bank and GazaPolitical and Physical maps

Fig. 6-17: The West Bank and Gaza have been under Israeli control since 1967, and numerous Israeli settlements have been established there. The area includes three physical regions: the coastal plain, the hills, and the Jordan River Valley.

Section of Israeli Security Barrier

Fig. 6-1.1: A typical section of the security barrier built by Israel in the West Bank.

Israel’s Barrier in the West Bank

Fig. 6-1.2: The planned route of Israel’s security barrier in the West Bank includes many of Israel’s settlements in the territory.

The Temple Mount, Jerusalem

Temple Mount contains sites holy to both Jews and Muslims, including the Western Wall of the Second Temple, al-Aqsa Mosque, and the Dome of the Rock.