OSTEOARTHRITIS

By,Pranav khawale,BNYS(2nd year)

CONTENTS

• Definition• Classification• Etiology• Risk Factors• Signs and Symptoms• Differential Diagnosis• Diagnosis• Treatment Options• Magneto therapy• References

DEFINITION

• Osteoarthritis is characterized by degenerative joint changes that cause – Pain– Tenderness– limited range of motion– Crepitus– Inflammation

CLASSIFICATION

• Primary OA : – The common joints affected are the weight bearing

joints– It commonly affects knees, hips, lumbar or cervical

spine

• Secondary OA :– It occurs in any joint that might have sustained

injury due to trauma or gout or inflammation, some years ago, which goes on produce wear & tear changes

ETIOLOGY

• Primary osteoarthritis appears to be caused by the cumulative effects of repetitive occupational or recreational joint use (with professions such as baseball pitchers, ballet dancers, dock workers)

• which leads to a destruction of the cartilage when individuals are in their 50s and 60s

• Degenerative changes are usually age-related, but may also occur as a result of fractures and other mechanical abnormalities

ETIOLOGY cont…

• There may also be a genetic predisposition• Secondary osteoarthritis is associated with an

underlying medical condition (e.g., Wilson's disease, acromegaly, hemochromatosis, hypoparathyroidism)

• which can often be treated, resulting in a resolution of the osteoarthritis

ETIOLOGY cont…

• Bony hypertrophy causing gross deformities • Limited range of motion • Subluxation (incomplete or partial dislocation)

Risk Factors

• Increasing age • Genetic predisposition • Obesity • Major trauma • History of inflammatory joint disease • Metabolic disorders (e.g., hemochromatosis, acromegaly,

calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease [CPPD]) • Congenital bone and joint disorders • Certain occupations (e.g., baseball players, ballet

dancers, dock workers)

Signs and Symptoms

• Morning stiffness or stiffness after inactivity for less than 15 minutes

• Joint pain, worsened by movement and improved with rest (in severe cases, constant pain)

• Soft tissue swelling • Bony crepitus (crackling noise with

movement)

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

• Rheumatoid arthritis • Septic arthritis • Bursitis • Neuropathy • Osteoporosis • Metastatic bone disease • Gout

DIAGNOSIS

• Laboratory Tests- – Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) – Urinalysis – Synovial fluid analysis to rule out CPPD, gout,

septic arthritis– Serum analysis to rule out RA factor.

DIAGNOSIS cont…

• Pathology/Pathophysiology – Irregular loss of cartilage, especially in weight-bearing joints – Joint space narrowing – Synovial inflammation (synovitis) – Bony sclerosis (eburnation) – Bone cysts – Increased number of osteophytes (spurs) at joint margins,

the radiologic hallmark of osteoarthritis – Periarticular muscle wasting – Areas of cartilagenous repair, but inferior repair tissue – Gross deformity, loose bodies, and subluxation

DIAGNOSIS cont…

• Imaging– X rays—to detect joint space narrowing as cartilage is lost,

bony sclerosis, bony cysts, osteophytosis – Arthroscopy—to diagnose osteoarthritis – Myelography—to evaluate patients preoperatively

TREATMENT OPTIONS

• Drug Therapies• Nutrition• Herbs• Homeopathy• Physical Medicine• Acupuncture• Massage• Magneto Therapy

MAGNETO THERAPY

• Magnetic belt • Magnet application on joint• Magnetized water• Magnetic charged oil massage

• Magnetic belt

MAGNETO THERAPY cont…

MAGNET APPLICATION ON JOINT

MAGNETIZED WATER

MAGNETIC CHARGED OIL MASSAGE

REFERENCES

• Fauci AS, Braunwald E, Isselbacher KJ, et al., eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 14th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1998:1935-1941

• Kelly WN. Textbook of Internal Medicine. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott-Raven; 1997:1121-1124

• Harsh Mohan – pathology book; 5 th Edition• Magneto therapy book

THANK YOU…