Other Civil Rights Movements

The Women’s Movement

Feminism

Betty Friedan--The Feminine Mystique--National Organization for Women (NOW)

Gloria Steinem--“After Black Power, Women’s Liberation” 1969--Founded Ms. Magazine

Important Events: Equal Pay Act 1963Civil Rights Act 1964CT v. Griswold 1965Title IX 1972Roe v. Wade 1973Equal Rights Amendment

Latino Civil Rights Movement

Hernandez v. Texas (1954)

Pedro Hernandez

Mendez v. Westminster (1946)

Cesar Chavez• Field worker until 1952• Co-founded the UFW with Dolores

Huerta (1962)• Led grape pickers march from Delano to

Sacramento (1965) ; encouraged Americans to boycott table grapes--strike lasted 5 years and ended with union recognition & better wages (1970)

• Undertook many "spiritual fasts", regarding the act as “a personal spiritual transformation”; influenced by Catholic tradition of doing penance & by Gandhi’s fasts and emphasis of nonviolence.

• Continued to organize strikes & boycotts—including the Salad Bowl strike, the largest farm worker strike in U.S. history—won higher wages for grape & lettuce workers (1970-72)

Dolores Huerta

• Co-founded UFW with Chavez (1962)• Directed the UFW's national boycott

during the Delano Grape Strike (1965-70)• Negotiated contract w/ Schenley Wine

Company; first time farm workers effectively bargained with an agricultural enterprise (1966)

I Am Joaquin (1967)by Rodolfo “Corky” Gonzales

Yo soy Joaquín,

I am Joaquín, lost in a world of confusion, caught up in the whirl of a gringo society,

confused by the rules, scorned by attitudes, suppressed by manipulation, and destroyed by modern society.

My fathers have lost the economic battle and won the struggle of cultural survival.

And now! I must choose between the paradox of victory of the spirit, despite physical hunger,

or to exist in the grasp of American social neurosis, sterilization of the soul and a full stomach. Yes, I have come a long way to nowhere,

unwillingly dragged by that monstrous, technical, industrial giant called Progress and Anglo success....

I look at myself. I watch my brothers.

I shed tears of sorrow. I sow seeds of hate. I withdraw to the safety within the circle of life --

MY OWN PEOPLE . . . .

Latino Student protests in Los Angeles 1968

Partido Nacional de La Raza Unida (National United Peoples Party)• American political party centered on

Chicano nationalism• Campaigned for better housing,

work, and educational opportunities for Mexican-Americans.

Battle for Immigrants’ Rights

Occupation ofAlcatraz 1969

The American Indian Movement (AIM)

Wounded Knee II 1973

The Gay Rights Movement

Stonewall Riots

New Organizations

Form

First Gay Pride Parade June 28, 1970Day of Silence started 1996

Fight for Gay Marriage