Amber BangByeonghun Lee

Heiwon Shin

Indian National Congress Move-

ment

TABLE OF CONTENTS Outline the founding, organization, and major philosophies of the INC from its founding in 1885-@1914. Discuss the major figures in the movement.

How were the philosophies and major tenants of the INC responses to Western Intervention in India?

How was the INC an expression of Indian national-ism?

Founding, organization, and major philosophies of

the INC 1885-1914Outline the founding, organization, and major philosophies

of the INC from its founding in 1885-@1914. Discuss the major figures in the movement.

Before the INC… People were divided- Religion : Hindi VS Muslim- Social Cast : Caste System- Industrial Revolution – Conserva-

tives & not- Different languages- Geographical No sense of

“One India”

Founding

Also called congress party1885, Dec : passes moder-

ate reform resolutionsIncludes education for their

sense of nationalism

Philosophies of INCBritish Rule

- Fear, prestige, not considering people’s will, only few are centered INC

- -Freedom of In-dia, National Unity,Social equality

♥ Peaceful Action ♥

Major FiguresDaddabhai

Naoroji

Womesh Chandra Bon-nerjee

http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelpregion/asia/india/indianindependence/indiannat/congress.jpg

2. How were the philosophies and major tenants of the INC responses to Western Inter-

vention in India?

Non-violence/Civil Disobedience “Boycotting” British Goods

Rejecting British Culture and Education

Non Violence/Civil Disobedience

Response because…• Violent revolts were useless in face of

strong British military- Reflection on failure of Sepoy Rebellion (1857)

• Criticize hypocrisy of British government • Kept true to Indian values – Hindu + Muslim

respect for peace

For example, • British rule • Salt March

“Boycotting” British Goods Response because…

• Indians needed to promote and use their own products more

• Indians rejected to support the British gevernment fina-cially

For example,• Ganhdi taught the Indians to resist with “noncooperation”• Indians refused to pay taxes to the British government • Indians were encouraged to make their own handmade cloth• When tax was put on salt by the British, Gandhi led his followers

on a march of 240 miles to go collect salt from the sea.

Rejecting British Culture and Edu-cation

Response because...• Having strong patriotic minds • Having faith(Hindu) and pride in their own

culture For example,

• Banning the use of English • Developing India’s regional languages and

literatures• Rejecting British School

How was the INC an ex-pression of Indian nation-

alism?

Nationalism: a sentiment based on common cultural characteristics that binds a population and often produces a policy of national independence or separatism

How is INC an expression of Indian Nationalism?

The Indian National Congress expressed the idea

of Indians during the British Colonial Pe-riod.

In other words, • Identified what it means to be Indian• Attempted to improve in India’s interest• Brought together the people of the India to act

“of the people, for the people, and by the people”

Identified what it means to be “In-dian”

Of the People•Instilled sense of national identity, pride, and patrio-tism•National Identity•National Pride•Patriotism

In attempt to improve in India’s in-terests

For the People•Help modernization – identified what reforms India needed and what traditions and culture India needed to keep•Give up selfish personal interests for national interest: self gov-ernment; independence

Brought together the people of India to act

By the People•Participation no matter what social, economic, gender group an Indian belonged in •Hindus or Muslims alike all participated•INC member or not

Limitation Limitation

• Hindu/ Muslim split - INC does not fully ac-commodate Muslim interests, traditions

• Gandhi tries to overcome this - Eg. Salt March by Hindus and Muslims all alike

Hin-dus (INC

)

Mus-lims

(Mus-lim

League)

ConclusionDespite the limitation,

INC attempted to… bring people to-

gether under

common cultural char-acteristics

gain indepen-dence

Therefore, INC was the leading mechanism behind Indian nation-alism

Any Questions?

Discussion points Effectiveness of INC’s approach to in-

dependence? Religious influence on Indian national-

ism – Positive? Negative? Indian Nationalism POV

• Was Indian nationalism economically bene-ficial for the actual people of India? Were they better off with English support?- What’s more important? Strong sense of identity

+ self-rule or economic prosperity for all citizens