Overview

What is SQL Server? Creating databases Administration Security Backup

What is SQL Server?

Database management software Own file structure Own logins Own security

Access through 2 main ways: Query Analyzer Enterprise Manager

What is SQL Server?

Consists of 3 Services: MSSQLServer

Data & query processing

SQL Server Agent Scheduled jobs & alerts

Microsoft Distributed Transaction Coordinator Handles data from multiple sources

Logging In

Windows NT Authentication

SQL Server Authentication

Query Analyzer

Command-based interface Complete access to SQL Server Useful for creating scripts

Enterprise Manager

Graphical User Interface Often more intuitive Easier to visualize

Viewing Available Databases

Query Analyzer Execute sp_helpdb system stored

procedure

Viewing Available Databases

Enterprise Manager Expand Databases

folder

Creating a Database

Enterprise Manager Right-click

Database folder Select New

Database…

Demonstration

Creating medical database

Set growth and file size options

Transaction Log

Records data modifications Rolls forward completed transactions Rolls back incomplete transactions

Data Types

At least 25 data types char, int, float uniqueidentifier, datetime, image

Can define own data types

User-Defined Data Types

Based on existing data types Created with sp_addtype system

stored procedure

Creating Tables

Query Analyzer

Creating Tables

Enterprise Manager Right-click Tables Click New Table…

Creating Tables

Enterprise Manager (cont.) Choose name

Creating Tables

Enterprise Manager (cont.) Create columns

Demonstration

Creating tables for medical database Product Patient Usage

Constraints

Maintain data integrity Domain Integrity Entity Integrity Referential Integrity

Constraints (cont.)

Primary Key Entity Integrity

Foreign Key Referential Integrity

CHECK Constraint Domain Integrity

Add Primary Key

Query Analyzer

Add Primary Key

Enterprise Manager Right-click column of interest Set Primary Key

Add Foreign Keys

Query Analyzer

Add CHECK

Query Analyzer

View Constraints

Query Analyzer Execute sp_helpconstraint

system stored procedure

Rules

Specify allowed values for columns Example

Allowed states: PA, WV, OH

Creating Rules

Query Analyzer Create rule with CREATE RULE statement Bind rule with sp_bindrule system stored

procedure Unbind with sp_unbindrule

Create Rules

Enterprise Manager Input only rule

name and definition

Create Rules

Enterprise Manager (cont.) Bind rule

Open rule properties

Creating Rules

Enterprise Manager (cont.) Bind Rule (cont.)

Click Bind Columns… on Rule Properties

Select table and column

Inserting Data

Query Analyzer Use INSERT

statement

Inserting Data

Enterprise Manager Right-click table name Select Open Table ► Return all rows

Inserting Data

Enterprise Manager (cont.) Type values as needed

Stored Procedures

Collection of SQL statements Can accept variables Can be used for security

Users can be granted right to use stored procedure, even if they do not have access to underlying tables

Creating Stored Procedures

Query Analyzer Use CREATE PROCEDURE statement Define variables as @variable_name

Using Stored Procedures

Use EXEC procedure_name Pass values by reference or position

Transactions

Process statements as a group Must be committed

“All-or-nothing” – All statements are committed or none are

If interrupted, transaction is rolled back automatically

Transactions

Query Analyzer Use BEGIN TRANSACTION and

COMMIT TRANSACTION statements Use ROLLBACK TRANSACTION to

cancel

Transaction Example

Committed transaction Rolled back transaction Interrupted transaction

Views

Specify how data is seen Focus data Security

Grant permissions on Views

Creating Views

Query Analyzer Use CREATE VIEW statement

Creating Views

Enterprise Manager Add tables

Views

Enterprise Manager (cont.) Select column

names Enter Aliases

Security

User Management Roles Logins Users

Program Security

Roles

Operations that members of role can perform

Users are assigned roles

Creating Roles

Type Role name Select Standard

Role

Creating Roles

Open Role properties

Click Permissions button

Creating Roles

Set allowed actions Table actions Allowed Views Allowed Stored

Procedures

Logins

Allow users to log in to SQL Server

Defined under Security folder

Creating Logins

Input Login name Set password Set defaults

Creating Logins

Choose allowed databases

Select Roles

Users

Who is allowed to access database

Role user has

Setting Users

Only necessary if you did not set during login creation

Program Security

SQL Server Home Page http://www.microsoft.com/sql

News, tips, & tools

Program Security

Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer (MBSA) Runs under Windows 2000 or XP Checks program settings & security

patches Useful for many Microsoft programs,

including SQL Server 7.0 and 2000

Program Security

MBSA can be downloaded at: http://www.microsoft.com/technet/treeview/default.asp

?url=/technet/security/tools/Tools/mbsahome.asp

Backup

Create Backup Device Container for your database

Schedule Backup jobs

Creating a Backup Device

Enterprise Manager Look under

Management folder

Creating a Backup Device

Enterprise Manager (cont.) Set name Set location

Backing Up

Back up and restore from Databases folder

Backing Up

Select your backup device as the Destination

Set a schedule if desired

Check Jobs

Check backup jobs under SQL Server Agent under the Management folder

Thank you!

Slides and scripts available at: http://visc.sis.pitt.edu Look for “Tutorials and Resources”

Any questions?