Post on 20-Mar-2018
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A2 Table of Contents
A Project Management
A1 Title and Approval Page ..........................................................................................................
A2 Table of Contents ...................................................................................................................3
A3 Distribution List .....................................................................................................................8
A4 Project Organization ..............................................................................................................9
A5 Problem Definition & Background ........................................................................................9
A6 Project Description ...............................................................................................................12
A7 Data Quality Objectives (DQOs) and Criteria .....................................................................14
A8 Training ................................................................................................................................20
A9 Documents and Records ......................................................................................................20
B Data Generation and Acquisition
B1 Sampling Process Design .....................................................................................................22
B2 Sampling Methods ...............................................................................................................23
B3 Sample Handling and Custody .............................................................................................28
B4 Analytical Methods ..............................................................................................................28
B5 Quality Control .....................................................................................................................30
B6 Equipment Inspection, Calibration, and Maintenance .........................................................35
B7 Inspection and Acceptance of Supplies and Consumables ..................................................37
B8 Non-Direct Measurements and Data ....................................................................................38
B9 Data Management ................................................................................................................38
C Assessment and Oversight
C1 Assessments and Response Actions .....................................................................................40
C2 Reports to Management .......................................................................................................40
D Data Validation and Usability
D1 Data Review, Verification, and Validation ..........................................................................42
D2 Reconciliation with User Requirements ..............................................................................44
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List of Tables
Table 1: Data Quality Objectives .................................................................................................. 18
Table 2: Sample Collection Requirements ................................................................................... 25
Table 3: Analytical Methods ......................................................................................................... 30
Table 4: QC Samples and Acceptance Criteria............................................................................. 32
Table 5: Equipment Inspection, Calibration, and Maintenance .................................................... 36
Table 6: Inspection of Supplies..................................................................................................... 37
Table 7: Data Quality Failure Contingency Plan .......................................................................... 43
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List of Appendices
Note: Appendices are provided on the CWMN QAPP CD
1. Program Coordination Procedures and Information
a. Routine Sampling Event Procedures
b. Follow-Up Sampling Event Procedures
c. CWMN Site List w Indicator-Subwatershed Status
d. Duplicate Schedule Summary 2013-2015
e. MWRA Lab Analysis Plan
f. Event Database Summary (example)
g. Event Status Summary (example)
h. CWMN Site Elevations
i. Instructions for NepRWA Voice Mail
j. 2013 Sample IDs Duplicates and Split tracking
k. Procedure checklist
l. DO procedure checklist
m. CWMN task schedule
n. Drop-off center procedures
o. Staff sample check procedures
2. Training Procedures and Forms
a. Initial Training SOP
b. Annual Refresher Training SOP
c. Annual Training Abbreviated Sampling Procedure
d. Routine Sampling Trainee Evaluation Form
e. Dissolved Oxygen Training SOP
f. DO Trainee Evaluation Form
g. Volunteer Training Record
h. Feedback sheet 2013
3. NepRWA Sampling and Analysis Procedures
a. CWMN Sampling Manual 2013
b. CWMN Procedural Checklist
c. DO Sampling Manual
d. DO Procedural Checklist
e. YSI 550 Manufacturer Literature
f. EPA pH method from volunteer monitoring handbook
g. Oakton pH Testr 2 instruction manual
h. Specific Conductance - Salinity Measurement SOP
i. YSI85 Manufacturer Literature
j. Bottle Washing SOP
k. CWMN Labeling Procedure
l. Surfactants SOP
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m. Thermometer calibration confirmation SOP
n. DO meter Maintenance SOP
o. Optical Brightener Sampling Manual
p. Qualitative Ammonia Nitrogen Sampling and Analysis SOP
4. NepRWA Sampling and Analysis Forms
a. MWRA Chain of Custody (example)
b. MWRA Sample Labels (example)
c. Purchasing Record (example)
d. Specific Conductance/pH Data Sheet
e. Water Quality Field Data Sheet
f. Dissolved Oxygen Data Sheet
g. Healthy Communities COC
h. Sample Spreadsheet with Formulas
i. DO sign out sheet
j. NepRWA General Purpose COC
k. BMP Survey Form
5. Sampling Site Location Documentation
a. CWMN Site Manual site guide 2010
b. Directions to Drop-Off Sites
c. Directions to Laboratories
d. DO route Driving Directions (See CD)
6. MWRA SOPs
a. Ammonia Nitrogen by Automated Colorimetry
b. Nitrate/Nitrite by Automated Colorimetry
c. Orthophosphate Phosphorus by Automated Colorimetry
d. Total Nitrogen/Phosphorus and Total Dissolved Nitrogen/Phosphorus
e. Total, Volatile, and Fixed Suspended Solids
f. E. Coli by Enzyme Substrate
g. Chlorophyll and Phaeophytin
h. Fecal Coliform
i. Enterococcus by the Defined Substrate Method (Enterolert©)
j. MWRA Quality Control Sample Specifications (DQOs) for Watersheds
k. Procedures for MDLs 5005.4 MWRA SOP
7. UMASS Boston and NepRWA Bacteria SOPs
a. Colilert-Enterolert SOP
b. NepRWA Colilert Lab Data Sheet
c. NepRWA General Purpose COC
d. UMASS Directions and Lab Tips
e. Idexx Technical Documentation
8. G&L Laboratories SOPs and Forms
a. G&L SOP MF Fecal Coliform
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b. G&L SOP MF E. coli
c. G&L SOP TSS
d. Directions to G&L
e. G&L COC
9. Reference Materials
a. EPA Colilert method
b. DEP Colilert/Enterolert Method
c. EPA pH Method 150.1
d. DEP Bottle Basket Sampling Method
e. DEP SOP Optical Brighteners CN 058.0
f. YSI Tech Note DO Values Above 100
10. BMP Surveys
a. Canton BMP Survey
b. Three Town BMP Survey
c. Dedham-Milton BMP Survey
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A3 Distribution List
I. Meghan Rauber, Field Sampling Coordinator,
NepRWA
2173 Washington Street, Canton, MA 02021
meghan@neponset.org
781-575-0354
781-575-9971 fax
II. Gary Gonyea, 604b Project Coordinator,
MassDEP
One Winter Street, 6th floor, Boston, MA 02108
gary.gonyea@state.ma.us
(617) 556-1152
(617) 292-5850 fax
III. Steve DiMattei, Quality Assurance Officer, EPA,
Region I
11 Technology Drive, N. Chelmsford, MA
01863-2431
DiMattei.Steve@epa.gov
617-918-8313
617-918-8397 fax
IV. Richard Chase, DEP-DWM
8 New Bond Street Worcester, MA 01606
richard.f.chase@state.ma.us
508-767-2859
508-508-791-4131 fax
V. Beth Edwatrds, 604b Project Officer,
EPA Region 1
5 Post Office Square, Ste 100 Boston,
MA 02109
Edwards.beth@epa.gov
617 918-1840
617-918-0840 fax
VI. Michael Delaney, Laboratory Director
MWRA
190 Tafts Ave, Winthrop, MA 02152
Michael.Delaney@mwra.state.ma.us
617- 660-7801
VII. Edward A. Caruso Jr, Client Services
Coordinator
MWRA, Deer Island Treatment Plant
Dept. of Lab Services
190 Tafts Ave., Winthrop, MA 02152
Edward.Carusojr@mwra.com
617- 539-4329
617- 539-4360 fax
VIII. Yong Lao
Project Manager
Department of Laboratory Services
190 Tafts Ave, Winthrop, MA 02152
Yong.Lao@mwra.com
IX. Steve Rhode, Laboratory Section
Manager
Department of Lab Services
190 Tafts Ave., Winthrop, MA 02152
Steve.Rhode@mwra.com
617-660-7803
X. Tom Faber, EPA Region I
11 Technology Drive, Chelmsford, MA
01863
faber.tom@epa.gov
617- 918-8672
XI. Robert Chen, UMASS Boston
100 Morrissey Boulevard
Boston, MA 02125
bob.chen@umb.edu
617-287-7491
617 287-7474 fax
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A4 Project Organization
A5 Problem Definition & Background
A5-1 Watershed Description
The Neponset River Watershed covers 117 square miles. The Watershed is home to some
330,000 residents. Its aquifers supply water departments serving some 220,000 customers. It
serves as an important recreational resource and significantly defines the quality of life and
character of its communities. In spite of its large population and long history of development, the
watershed still supports many ecologically significant upland, wetland and aquatic habitats
including two state designated Areas of Critical Environmental Concern.
Historically, water quality in the Neponset Watershed has been poor due to uncontrolled
industrial and domestic wastewater discharges, with resulting impacts to quality of life in
watershed communities. However, conditions have been improving steadily since the late 1960’s
and most of the Neponset now meets Class B water quality standards during dry weather.
Neponset River Watershed Association (NepRWA)
Citizen's Water Monitoring Network
Environmental Sceintist/Engineer
NepRWA
Project Manager
MADEP
604b Project Coordinator
Executive Director
NepRWA
Project Quality Assurance Officer
Field Services
NepRWA Volunteers Water Quality Samplers
Lab Services
MWRA Project Manager
MWRA
Laboratory Project Officer
UMass Boston Lab Director
MADEP
Quality Assurance Officer
USEPA Quality Assurance Officer
USEPA
Project Officer
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A5-2 Organizational Background
The Neponset River Watershed Association (NepRWA) is a nonprofit conservation organization
founded in 1967 to protect and restore the natural resources of the Neponset River and its
watershed for the use and enjoyment of present and future generations. NepRWA's goals include
restoring fishable-swimmable (Class B) water quality, and ensuring that the public is able to
enjoy local waterways and wildlife.
A5-3 Sources of Impairment and Pollutants of Concern
Remaining water quality problems in the watershed include poorly maintained and
malfunctioning sewer collection systems in the form of illicit connections, exfiltration,
infiltration and inflow, and sanitary sewer overflows. Many sections of the watershed are heavily
developed, with high percentages of impervious surface. Most of this development predates
stormwater treatment technology and/or requirements and as a result, there are widespread
problems with polluted stormwater runoff. In some areas, failing septic systems may be
problematic, though in most cases, the best water quality in the Neponset Watershed is found in
areas serviced by septic systems rather than sewers. More than 100 antiquated industrial dams
cause significant water quality, hydrologic and aquatic habitat impacts. In addition, water supply,
wastewater management, impervious surface, flood control and impoundment management
activities substantially modify natural instream flow regimes throughout the Neponset
Watershed.
Current pollutants of concern in the Neponset Watershed include pathogens, the combined issues
of nutrients, eutrophication and low dissolved oxygen, sedimentation, temperature modification,
invasive aquatic species and streamflow depletion. Toxics such as heavy metals, PAHs and
PCBs from both stormwater runoff and in-stream sediment re-suspension are also of concern,
though CWMN generally lacks the resources to monitor these constituents.
A5-4 Past Sampling Efforts
The Massachusetts DEP completed a very comprehensive water quality assessment in the
Neponset Watershed in 1994 and a fish/macroinvertebrate assessment in 1999. In addition
MassDEP more recently conducted a comprehensive water quality survey in 2009. Current water
quality data is essential for guiding implementation of remediation efforts, evaluating success
over time and building a constituency for the implementation of water quality improvements.
Unfortunately, current government watershed monitoring programs, on their own, are inadequate
to provide this data. CWMN attempts to fill the resulting gap.
The CWMN program has been working to fill water quality information gaps and facilitate water
quality improvement for more than 10 years. NepRWA works with agencies at all levels of
government and with private donors to assemble the considerable resources needed to conduct an
effective monitoring program and carry our restoration activities. By bringing together the efforts
of many partners, and making use of extensive volunteer labor, the CWMN program is able to
maximize the use of the limited resources available for this important work.
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A5-5 Program Changes Necessitating an Updated QAPP
Ongoing changes in watershed conditions, laboratory support services, technical methods,
financial support, the goals and requirements of partner organizations and updated guidance for
the preparation of QAPPs, necessitate periodic updates of the CWMN QAPP.
Historically some of the major changes in the program necessitating an update to the QAPP
include:
The introduction of a formal tiered system of “indicator’ and “subwatershed” sampling
sites;
Formalization of the process of follow up sampling to identify pollution sources;
CZM Coastal Monitoring grant funds enabling the establishment of facilities for the
analysis of bacterial testing in partnership with UMASS Boston;
Elimination of in-kind analysis of bacteria samples for the routine sampling program by
the EPA Region 1 Laboratory;
Reduction, by 50%, in the dollar value of in-kind laboratory analysis services provided
by the MWRA;
Significant changes to the mix of water quality parameters being analyzed in-kind by the
MWRA.
The term of approval for the 2013-2015 had expired necessitating a revision and resubmittal for
approval of the CWMN QAPP for 2016-2018.
A5-6 Program Goals and Objectives
The Citizens Water Monitoring Network seeks to develop a reliable understanding of water
quality conditions throughout the watershed as a means to spur and guide water quality
restoration efforts.
NepRWA’s CWMN program seeks to accomplish the following during the period 2016-2018:
Regularly collect in-stream water quality samples at a handful of “indicator sites” that
represent overall water quality conditions and trends.
Regularly collect in-stream water quality samples at a larger number of “subwatershed sites”
that target known or suspected problem areas.
Conduct “follow up” and “special study” investigations and sampling as needed to confirm
and further specify suspected problem or opportunity areas identified through the regular
sampling program.
Continue sampling procedures with “Bridge Buddy” sampling device in order to take sterile
surface water samples for bacteria and water quality analyses at all sites.
Collect in-stream samples during rainfall events.
Distribute results promptly to municipal officials, state and federal regulators and the general
public as a means to increase understanding of water pollution issues.
Using fully sterile methods, collect data needed to help implement recommendations of the
Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) for bacteria.
Generate data to help enhance the effectiveness of municipal, state, federal and private
efforts to improve water quality.
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A6 Project Description
A6-1 Routine Sampling
Forty-one routine sampling sites have been established that represent a mix of site types (see
Appendix 1c). These routine sites include a handful of “indicator sites” which are representative
of overall water quality and are used to track trends over time, and a larger number of
“subwatershed sites” which may change from year to year and which are used to provide
additional detail on particular stream reaches of interest.
Each of the routine sampling sites is sampled on a regular basis, generally six times per year
between May and October. Volunteers take grab-samples at each site location and immediately
preserve them for analysis. The particular suite of parameters tested at each site varies depending
on the site’s status as an indicator or subwatershed site and is discussed further below.
Samples may be analyzed for chemical constituents, including forms of phosphorus and nitrogen,
chlorophyll and microbiological indicators, such as E.coli., fecal coliform bacteria and/or
Enterococcus sp. . In addition, measurements of physical and chemical parameters such as pH,
temperature, specific conductance, total suspended solids, salinity, turbidity, and dissolved
oxygen will be performed in the field, at NepRWA’s facilities, or at participating laboratories.
Finally, qualitative observations of water color, odor, turbidity, flow, and water depth are made
at each site.
Consistent with the overarching goal of ensuring volunteer safety, samples are collected using
sterile, direct-fill methods while wading, from a boat or using a sampling pole. However, at
many of the routine sampling sites, high bridges, fencing and steep riverbanks make direct
sampling infeasible in light of safety concerns. In these situations, samples are taken from the top
of a bridge using a ”Bridge Buddy” sampling device in order to ensure sterile collection of
surface waters to be analyzed for bacteria and other water quality parameters.
A6-2 Follow-Up and Special Study Sampling
When routine sampling indicates the possible or definite presence of a water quality problem but
additional data is needed to determine specific pollution sources or to confirm data collected
using non-regulatory methods, NepRWA may initiate follow-up sampling or special study
sampling to collect additional information.
Site locations and analytical parameters for follow-up sampling will depend on the unique
circumstances of the affected stream reach and the nature of suspected pollution sources. Follow
up sampling will generally take place upstream and downstream of suspected pollution sources
and may include sampling in-stream, at storm drain outfalls and/or within drainage collection
systems.
During follow-up sampling, all critical parameters will be sampled using regulatory quality
sampling, preservation and analytical methods. Follow-up sampling will be performed by
NepRWA staff, with the assistance of especially trusted volunteers, who have experience and
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training with the required techniques. All the data from follow up sampling will be of a quality
that permits its use in regulatory decision making contexts.
A variety of methods and procedures are used to conduct this portion of the CWMN program,
depending on the particular issues being addressed. These methods and procedures are detailed
further in the discussion below and in the appendices.
A6-3 Sampling Schedule
Routine sampling operations are generally scheduled every four weeks, starting in May, and are
typically held early on a Wednesday or Thursday morning. The reason for this sampling
schedule is in an attempt to meet new Mass. Surface Water Quality Standards for bacteria which
stipulate that at least five samples be taken within a six month period in order to make a use
determination.
Follow-up and special study sampling is scheduled on an as-needed basis as indicated by data
gathered in the routine sampling operations, or as issues arise through citizen involvement and
staff observations, etc. and subject to available resources. Follow-up sampling would continue to
be scheduled as needs and resources arise year round even if the routine sampling activities shift
to a seasonal schedule. However, follow-up sampling for bacteria and other season sensitive
parameters will be scheduled during only warm or cold weather as appropriate.
A6-4 Participants
Approximately fifty volunteers participate in each routine sampling event. There are several
types of volunteers: samplers, dissolved oxygen testers, drivers, data entry and quality control
technicians, and drop-off coordinators. In addition to the volunteers, up to five NepRWA staff as
well as seasonal interns are assigned responsibilities ranging from substituting for a volunteer, to
manning a sample drop-off site. Participants in follow-up and special study sampling vary
according to project needs, and consist of NepRWA staff, selected volunteers and in some cases
municipal staff.
A6-5 Coordination
Planning for a routine event begins at least three weeks ahead of the sampling date. All
volunteers are contacted by email and by phone to verify their ability to participate. Absences are
covered by “fill-in” volunteers or by NepRWA staff. A training session is normally held before
the event for new recruits and for those volunteers or staff requiring refresher training. Labs are
contacted to prepare them to receive and analyze samples, and to coordinate and organize the
chains of custody and sample labels.
Because of the broad geographical range of the sample sites, up to four sample drop-off sites are
used. Site drop-off coordinators staff these sites, receive samples from volunteers, maintain
custody under proper conditions, ensure proper completion of paperwork and deliver the samples
to NepRWA headquarters. From there, volunteer drivers or staff deliver the samples to the
designated analytical laboratory.
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Occasionally, due to extremely inclement weather, a sampling event may be postponed. Because
of the degree of scheduling, coordination and preparation involved in each event, this is a rare
occurrence.
Planning and coordination for follow-up and special study sampling generally follows this same
schedule and pattern.
A6-6 BMP Surveys
In addition, stormwater BMP surveys for the Towns of Canton, Dedham, Milton, Sharon,
Stoughton and Walpole have been devised as found in Appendix 10a, Appendix 10b, and
Appendix 10c. Although surveys in these towns have already been completed, there may be
additional surveys following the same format taking place in these or other watershed towns.
A7 Data Quality Objectives (DQOs) and Criteria
A7-1 General Overview
The goal of this project is to generate data that provides a reliable picture of water quality
conditions in the Neponset River Watershed. Ideally all CWMN data would be of a quality that
may be relied upon for regulatory decision making. In practice, resource limitations and
volunteer safety considerations necessitate the use of non-regulatory methods for some
parameters and at some sites. This non regulatory data will still serve a valuable “screening”
function within the program.
In other cases, non-critical parameters such as pH are measured using non-regulatory methods so
that limited resources can be concentrated on critical parameters. Wherever non-regulatory
methods are utilized, the associated data is flagged as “estimated” rather than as actual values.
In situations where enforcement action or other regulatory action may be needed, but regulatory
quality data is not available from routine sampling activities, additional data will be collected
through follow up sampling using sterile and/or regulatory sampling methods.
Using this two tiered approach enables the program to ensure volunteer safety, maximize the
utilization of limited resources, ensure that regulatory quality data is available when needed and
clearly convey data quality information to all data consumers.
The sections below provide additional details on the data quality objectives and indicate for each
parameter sampled whether the parameter is considered “critical” or “non-critical” and when
regulatory and non-regulatory analytical methods will be utilized for that parameter.
A7-2 Data Quality Descriptors
The following terms define aspects of data quality that are integrated into this plan.
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Precision is an expression of the ability of a method to consistently reproduce a measurement. It
is measured through the collection of duplicate samples and/or split samples. Precision is stated
in terms of the relative percent difference or “RPD” between results for a pair of duplicates. RPD
is the difference between two results divided by the average of the results.
The CWMN program evaluates field precision through the collection of “field duplicate”
samples. In practice, where volunteers are utilizing direct fill sampling methods, field QC
samples will be what some organizations might refer to either as simultaneous or sequential field
duplicates. In the interest of simplicity, the CWMN program will refer to all samples whose
primary purpose is to evaluate field precision as “field duplicates.”
In addition, from time to time, NepRWA staff or the lab will divide a single sample into two
aliquots for parallel analysis. The objective of such a sample is to evaluate laboratory precision,
and such sample will be referred to as “splits.”
Accuracy is the degree to which the measured value reflects the actual value. It is best measured
by the analysis of lab fortified blank samples (also known as spike samples), blank samples, lab
fortified matrix samples or by comparing instrument measurement to a known standard.
Accuracy is expressed in terms of “percent recovery” which may be greater than, equal to, or less
than 100%.
Lab blanks are made up of reagent water and should have a pollutant concentration of zero. Lab
fortified blanks, are made up by preparing a blank and adding a known concentration of the
pollutant of interest to the sample. The MWRA lab refers to lab fortified blanks as “lab control
samples” or “LCS samples.”
Some laboratories also utilize a lab fortified matrix samples to evaluate lab accuracy. A lab
fortified matrix sample is a sample of river water which is divided into two aliquots. A known
quantity of pollutant is added to one of the aliquots. Both samples are analyzed, the background
value of the un-spiked aliquot is subtracted from the result for the spiked sample to determine a
percent recovery value. The purpose of lab fortified matrix samples is to identify the relatively
unusual circumstance where unknown contaminants in the river itself interfere with some aspect
of the analytical method. Per MWRA SOPs, lab fortified matrix samples are not analyzed as part
of routine CWMN sampling.
A reporting limit is the lowest value that a laboratory, or instrument in the case of field
measurements, can quantitatively report with confidence.
Representativeness is the extent to which the sampling design and measurements obtained
adequately reflect the true environmental conditions at the location being monitored.
Comparability is the degree to which these data can be compared to past studies at these sites
and to similar studies elsewhere. Standardized sampling and analytical techniques with similar
reporting limits help to ensure comparability.
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Completeness is a comparison of the amount of data project leaders plan to collect versus the
amount actually collected. It is expressed as a percentage.
A7-3 Data Precision
To measure data precision, volunteer monitors will be required to take field duplicate samples on
an every other year schedule. While it would be desirable to collect field duplicates for each
volunteer, each year, this would necessitate a substantial reduction in the geographic scope of the
CWMN program, as 20% of total lab resources would have to be dedicated to the analysis of
field duplicates. Based on NepRWA’s past experience with field duplicate results, such a
substantial commitment is not justified. It is also important to note that most CWMN volunteers
stay with the program for many years, and new volunteers are prioritized for the collection of
field duplicates during their first year. In addition to this field duplicate schedule, a one-time
field duplicate survey of all volunteers will be undertaken. For this survey all volunteers will
collect duplicate samples to be analyzed for specific conductance. For follow up sampling, at
least one field duplicate will be collected for each sampling trip. Follow up sampling duplicates
are based on a rotating basis for volunteers that is consistent with the every other year scheme
described above. For each follow up survey, field duplicates are collected by at least one
volunteer. For additional information on QC sample frequency, refer to Table 4.
A7-4 Data Accuracy
CWMN uses lab blanks and/or lab-fortified blanks to determine accuracy for laboratory analyzed
samples. Per the MWRA Lab SOPs, bacterial accuracy is evaluated with blanks, while nutrient
and chlorophyll accuracy is evaluated with blanks and lab fortified blanks for CWMN routine
sampling activities. Lab fortified matrix samples are not utilized for routine CWMN sampling
activities.
Field instruments are calibrated and/or periodically checked against known standards to establish
their accuracy. Results are also reviewed to ensure that they fall within specified measurement
ranges of the parameter and/or equipment measurement ranges and minimum detectable limits
(MDLs). For additional information on QC sample frequency, refer to Table 4.
A7-5 Data Representativeness
Sampling points will be chosen to represent the water quality within the applicable geographic
area of interest. Staff experienced and knowledgeable in the factors affecting water quality will
choose sample points that will be representative of conditions within the area of concern.
A7-6 Comparability
Comparability is ensured by the utilization of established sampling and monitoring protocols
from Massachusetts DEP, MWRA, Massachusetts Water Watch Partnership, the Boston Water
and Sewer Commission, and NepRWA, and by the use of standard test methods and procedures
as outlined in Appendices 6, 7, and 8.
A7-8 Completeness
In order to obtain the best picture of the watershed, NepRWA expects 90% of the routine
sampling and follow up sampling samples to be collected and analyzed during each scheduled
sampling event. In the routine sampling program uncertainties such as weather, volunteer
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scheduling, and illness sometimes result in unavoidable omissions, but every effort is made to
assign backup samplers when possible.
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Table 1: Data Quality Objectives
Analyte Units Expected
Range Action
Thresholds2
MDL1
and MRL
Resolution Accuracy Precision
Bacteria
E. coli (MF) (G&L, UMASS Boston)
cfu/100 mL 0-5000,
extended w/dilutions
126 5 cfu/100
ml depends
on dilution
TNTC on positive and
<MDL on negative
30% RPD for log 10
transformed data
E. coli (Colilert) (MWRA, UMASS Boston, NepRWA)
MPN cfu/100 mL 0->24,200, extended
w/dilutions 126
1 MPN/100
ml
depends on dilution
>2420 on positive and 0 on negative
30% RPD for log 10
transformed data
Enterococcus (MF) (G&L, UMASS Boston)
cfu/100 mL 0-5000,
extended w/dilutions
33 5 cfu/100
ml depends
on dilution
TNTC on positive and
<MDL on negative
30% RPD for log 10
transformed data
Enterococcus (Enterolert) (MWRA, UMASS Boston, NepRWA)
MPN cfu/100 mL 0->24,200, extended
w/dilutions 33
1 MPN/100
ml
depends on dilution
>2420 on positive and 0 on negative
30% RPD for log 10
transformed data
Fecal Coliform (G&L, UMASS Boston)
cfu/100 mL 0-5000,
extended w/dilutions
200-1000 5 cfu/100
ml depends
on dilution
TNTC on positive and
<MDL on negative
30% RPD for log 10
transformed data
Total Coliform (Colilert) (MWRA, UMASS Boston, NepRWA)
MPN cfu/100 mL 0-2420,
extended w/dilutions
n/a 1
MPN/100 ml
depends on dilution
>2420 on positive and 0 on negative
30% RPD for log 10
transformed data
1Bacteria MDLs assume no dilutions and are adjusted accordingly in the case of dilutions
2Action Thresholds from MA Surface Water Quality Standards (310 CMR 4.00)
table continued…
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Table 1: Data Quality Objectives, Continued
Analyte Units Expected
Range Action
Thresholds3
MDL Resolution Accuracy Precision
Nutrients
Ammonia (MWRA)
Reported by lab in mg/L 0.005 - 0.5 mg/L 0.2-2.0 mg/L 0.00039
mg/L n/a
85% to 115%
25% RPD for values>0.5 mg/L and
50% RPD for values<0.5 mg/L
Nitrate plus Nitrite (MWRA)
Reported by lab mg/L 0.005 - 0.5 mg/L 1.0 mg/L 0.00035
mg/L n/a 85%-115%
25% RPD for values>0.5 mg/L and
50% RPD for values<0.5 mg/L
Nitrogen, Total (not TKN) (MWRA)
Reported by lab mg/L 0.005 - 0.5 mg/L 1.0 mg/L 0.0226 mg/L
n/a 85% to 115%
25% RPD for values>0.5 mg/L and
50% RPD for values<0.5 mg/L
Orthophosphate (dissolved reactive phosphorus) (MWRA)
Reported by lab mg/L 0.0025-0.25
mg/L 0.01-0.08 mg/L
0.00032 mg/L
n/a 85% to 115%
25% RPD for values>0.5 mg/L and
50% RPD for values<0.5 mg/L
Total Phosphorous (MWRA)
Reported by lab mg/L 0.0025-0.25
mg/L 0.1 mg/L
0.0034 mg/L
n/a 85% to 115%
25% RPD for values>0.5 mg/L and
50% RPD for values<0.5 mg/L
Other
Chlorophyll and phaeophytin (MWRA)
ug/L 0.1-50 2-9 0.1 n/a 85% to 115%
15% RPD
Specific Conductance (NepRWA)
uS/cm 0 to 4,999 500 0.01 .01 - 1.0
depending on range
+/- 0.5% of full scale
5% RPD
Dissolved Oxygen (NepRWA)
mg/L & % saturation 0-14 mg/L &
0-100% 5-6 mg/L &
60% 0 0.01
+/- 0.3 mg/L or +/- 2%
5% RPD
pH (NepRWA)
SU 1 to 14 <6.5 & >8.3 n/a 0.1 0.2 +/- 0.2 SU
Salinity (NepRWA)
ppt 0-80 n/a 0.1 0.1 0.1 ppt or
2% 10% RPD
Temperature (NepRWA)
°C 0-30 20.0-28.3 n/a 0.5 0.5 0.5
TSS (MWRA)
mg/L NA 25 1.74 NA 77% to 129%
29% RPD
Surfactants (NepRWA)
mg/L 0-3 0.25 0.125 0.125
+/- 10% @ 2.25 mg/L; +/- 20% @ 0.75 mg/L
+/- 0.125 mg/L
3Action Thresholds from MA Surface Water Quality Standards (310 CMR 4.00); EPA 440; Dunne and Leopold 1998; Kennedy et al 1995
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A8 Training
To ensure the high quality and usability of the data that is generated by the CWMN program, all
participants receive training appropriate to the tasks for which they will be responsible.
NepRWA staff that are involved in the program are professionals with extensive training in
water quality, chemistry, biology, and field sampling. NepRWA has established a program of
training for volunteers that includes initial training, follow-up, and refresher classes. These
classes are given by NepRWA staff that are qualified not only in the technical matter covered,
but in training and education.
The initial training for volunteer monitors is primarily instruction and demonstration by the
trainer, with repetition by the volunteer. This training includes an overview of the entire project
and detailed instruction in sampling procedures. All monitors receive and review a copy of
NepRWA’s Water Monitoring and Sampling Manual (see Appendix 3a).
After their initial training, all volunteers participate in a mandatory annual group and/or
individual training session. These sessions are designed to update the volunteers on changes in
the program, further train them in equipment calibration and field-testing procedures and
evaluate each volunteer’s performance.
The performance of each volunteer is further evaluated during the sampling season through
review of field duplicate samples. If analytical results from field duplicate samples do not meet
acceptance criteria, a NepRWA staff member will perform a field evaluation during a regularly
scheduled sample event, and a refresher training session will be conducted when necessary. The
same measures will be implemented if the volunteer exhibits discrepancies in their field
observations such as failing to take a temperature measurement, or failing to properly record
calibration information. Persistent performance problems will result in the volunteer’s dismissal
from the program.
At each training event or field evaluation, volunteers must demonstrate their ability to properly
perform procedures to a member of the training team. The proficiency of volunteers is
documented on one of several “training evaluation forms” for each volunteer (see appendices 2c,
2e and 2f). In addition to training on proper sampling technique volunteers also receive safety
training and periodic safety reminders throughout the sampling season. All records from
trainings, including lecture notes, are kept by the Project Manager.
A9 Documents and Records
This section briefly describes the documents, forms and records utilized by the program and
procedures for handling and storing program records. All program data and documents are
subjected to QA/QC review before being disseminated to end users. Procedures for reviewing,
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validating and where necessary qualifying or excluding the information contained in program
records are discussed further in sections C and D below.
A9-1 Data Sheets
Field data sheets include information about the site location (NepRWA ID number), which
specific equipment was used to make measurements (thermometer number), the sampling
method used (direct fill, pole, or Bridge Buddy) and equipment calibration results. The field data
sheets are also used to record temperature, velocity, depth, color, odor, and turbidity information
(Appendix 4e). A separate field data sheet is used by dissolved oxygen monitors (Appendix 4f).
Both data sheets will be completed and relinquished to the site coordinator at the drop-off site.
Field data sheets are archived by sampling season in a permanent file. Field data are also entered
into an event spreadsheet and retained by NepRWA in hard and digital form.
NepRWA lab data sheets for specific conductance and pH are kept by the data manager and
entered into an Excel spreadsheet that is saved and printed for review and permanent archiving
(Appendix 4d).
Outside lab data sheets are sent in electronic format from the MWRA, UMASS and any other
outside labs to the NepRWA Data Manager. Sheets are saved on NepRWA’s hard drive, entered
into an excel spreadsheet that contains all other site information, and printed for review and
permanent archiving.
See Appendix 4 for copies of the various data sheets used in the CWMN program.
A9-2 Chain of Custody Forms
Chain of custody forms are completed for each sample. Forms are provided by the lab supplying
analytical services. Copies of these forms will be archived in the NepRWA office. The original
chain of custody forms will be retained and archived by the appropriate laboratory. See
Appendix 4, 6 or 8 for sample chains of custody.
A9-3 Sample Labeling
All samples are labeled with NepRWA site ID#, lab site ID # (if different), monitor’s initials,
date, time of collection, and parameters to be analyzed. See Appendix 3k for full labeling
procedure.
A9-4 Equipment Custody Form
Equipment custody forms will be completed by volunteers upon receipt of the sampling kit. This
checklist lists all of the equipment that was given to the volunteer and inventory numbers of the
individual instruments. This allows NepRWA to keep a constant record of equipment possession.
Equipment custody forms are stored indefinitely. New forms will be completed following each
annual equipment inspection.
A9-5 Training and Evaluation Form
Volunteer monitors are evaluated at the time of initial training, upon annual renewal training, and
again if questions arise about performance. Volunteer training and evaluation forms are archived
with other project documents. See Appendix 2 for the various training and evaluation forms.
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B Data Generation and Acquisition
B1 Sampling Process Design
The CWMN program is designed to develop and maintain a record of general water quality
throughout the watershed. Project goals include both evaluation of long-term changes over time
across the watershed as a whole and the identification of pollution hotspots at a low order
subwatershed scale.
Routine sampling activities consist of collecting in-stream samples. As discussed above, routine
sampling sites are divided among “indicator” sites and “subwatershed sites” in order to meet the
dual objectives of the program. Indicator sites are selected to be representative of overall water
quality and are relatively unchanging over time to allow comparison to past and future
investigations. Sites have generally been selected at the downstream ends or key segmentation
points of major subwatersheds and at or near locations where there is a longstanding data record.
Subwatershed sites are selected to provide higher spatial resolution along individual streams in
an effort to bracket pollution sources and facilitate their identification and remediation.
Subwatershed sites make up roughly 60% of the overall number of sites, and are more likely to
change from year to year. Subwatershed sites may be rotated through different watersheds over
the course of several sampling seasons to provide detailed data on different subwatersheds over a
period of years. Specific sites are selected by the project manager on the basis of known or
suspected problems or opportunities, or to fill in a lack of detailed data in a specific area.
In addition to the routine sampling activities, CWMN also encompasses follow up and special
study sampling activities. These are generally “one-time” investigations intended to zero in on
pollution sources in a known or suspected problem area. The stream reach for follow up
sampling will be determined in response to recent data from the routine sampling program, or
anecdotal pollution observations. Follow up samples are generally collected both in-stream and
at outfalls. Specific sampling stations may be planned in advance, or may be chosen
opportunistically by samplers while in the field.
The mix of parameters sampled at each site depends on its status as an indicator, subwatershed or
follow up station, the relative location of the station in the watershed, and the specific
pollutant(s) of concern at that specific location. Indicator sites are tested for bacteria, nutrients,
ammonia and field measured parameters. In upstream areas where phosphorous is the limiting
nutrient, indicator stations may not be tested for nitrogen in order to minimize laboratory costs.
Subwatershed sites are generally tested for bacteria, total phosphorus and field measured
parameters. At some subwatershed sites where there is a known dominant pollutant, fewer or
alternate parameters may be tested. Follow up sampling stations will generally be tested for a
very narrow set of parameters based on the specific pollutant of concern. A listing of current
routine sampling stations and the parameters sampled is provided in the Appendix 1e.
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Routine sampling stations are generally sampled six times per year, roughly every four weeks
across three seasons (Spring-Autumn). Follow up sampling occurs intermittently on an as needed
basis at sites to be determined by the coordinator.
Based on past results, some parameters measured in the routine sampling program, such as pH,
are considered non-critical, and nonstandard methods may be used to obtain estimates of such
parameters as a cost savings measure. In other situations, limitations imposed by the donors of
in-kind laboratory analysis may necessitate the use of non-regulatory sample preservation
methods (e.g. freezing rather than acidification) for nutrient samples collected as part of the
routine sampling program. More detailed information on specific parameters is provided below.
In most cases, critical parameters collected during follow up sampling will be analyzed using
fully sterile or otherwise regulatory quality sampling, preservation and analytical methods when
possible.
Sample types include grab samples and direct measurement. Water quality characteristics that
are measured and/or observed directly include: temperature, color, odor, turbidity, velocity,
depth, specific conductance, and dissolved oxygen. Laboratory-measured indicators may include
fecal coliform, E. coli and/or Enterococcus, along with total nitrogen, ammonia, nitrate/nitrite,
total phosphorus, ortho-phosphate, pH, salinity, specific conductance, surfactants and total
suspended solids. Bacteria samples analyzed using the Colilert method may also include results
for total coliform. This total coliform data is used only as a QC control in the Colilert analysis
process and is not used for the direct assessment of water quality. Additional indicators may be
evaluated during follow-up and special study sampling as needed.
B2 Sampling Methods
B2-1 General Collection Methods
The specific procedures for collecting samples are detailed in Appendix 3a-l with additional
information on collection procedures for samples processed by the MWRA provided in
Appendix 6a-h. A brief overview of sample collection procedures is provided here.
Ensuring the safety of all participants is a primary objective of the CWMN program. Some of the
safety procedures employed by the CWMN program include making sure volunteers are aware
of the expected level and nature of pollution sources at their site, the use of gloves whenever
handling samples, use of appropriate clothing such as reflective vests or life jacket when working
on busy streets, in the dark, when wading or when sampling from a boat, and the use of the
buddy system in many situations. Safety procedures are spelled out in greater detail in the
CWMN sampling manual which can be found in Appendix 3A.
Surface grab samples of in-stream water are taken from the center of the stream facing upstream.
If at a bridge this preferably takes place on the downstream side of the bridge. Actual field
conditions, including physical access conditions at the site, the intent of the sampling, and/or
other conditions lead to a variety of methods which are detailed in Appendix 3a, the CWMN
Water Monitoring and Sampling Manual.
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At the site, the samplers fill out the field data sheet, noting the weather conditions, including the
air temperature and recent precipitation. Beginning with the most easily contaminated parameter
the volunteer collects a grab sample from the stream using the direct fill method, a sampling pole
or a bridge buddy. Note that bucket sampling techniques were discontinued in the CWMN
program for all sampling events beginning in 2007. Each bottle is filled, proper pre-labeling is
confirmed, then the bottle is recapped and iced immediately before the process repeats for the
next bottle to be filled. Sampling procedures are described in greater detail in Appendix 3a.
Volunteers receive a second set of bottles for field duplicate samples at least once every two
years (see Appendix 1d for a schedule of field duplicates). The volunteers are reminded by email
or a letter to take duplicates for that event.
After all bottles are filled, capped, labeled, and preserved, the temperature of the water is taken
and recorded. Then the depth and estimated flow is measured and recorded. Finally, a visual and
odor check is done and noted on the data sheet. After all information has been gathered the
equipment is packed up, and samples are taken to the drop-off site
The table below summarizes sample requirements for each water quality test performed.
B2-2 Visual Observations
The color, odor, and turbidity of the sample is observed and recorded on the CWMN data sheet.
The sampler also takes measurements of instream flow and depth. These measurements are
estimates, and are used for general comparative purposes.
B2-3 Fecal Coliform, E. coli, and Enterococcus
Bacteria samples are collected using sterile sampling methods. Bucket sampling methods were
eliminated from the CWMN program as of December 2006. Any older bacteria data collected
using bucket sampling methods is flagged as “estimated” in reports. Bottles are labeled with site
ID#, date, sampler’s initials, and time. Samples are put on ice to maintain a temperature of 4
degrees Celsius and limited to a six-hour hold time. The CWMN program has largely shifted to
the use of E. coli and Enterococcus as primary bacterial indicators for routine sampling due to
changes in the Mass Surface Water Quality Standards and to take advantage of the Colilert and
Enterolert methods.
B2-4 Total Suspended Solids (TSS)
Based on past sampling results, it is evident that most sedimentation in the Neponset Watershed
occurs during very short but severe episodes during which rainfall intensity and therefore
stormwater runoff/stream velocity reaches critical levels. As past monitoring has shown, the
probability that these conditions will randomly occur during regularly scheduled sampling is
quite low. Therefore TSS has been eliminated from the routine sampling program. However,
TSS sampling may still be conducted during follow up sampling where sedimentation is a
primary pollutant of concern.
Page 25 of 44
Table 2: Sample Collection Requirements
Analyte Type Minimum Quantity
(mL) Bottle Type Preservative Maximum hold time
Bacteria
E. Coli Grab 100 Sterile sealed plastic, 125-250
mL
Cool to 4 ° C 6 hours delivery plus 2 hours lab
Enterococcus Grab 100 Sterile sealed plastic, 125-250 mL
Cool to 4 ° C 6 hours delivery plus 2 hours lab
Fecal coliform Grab 100 Sterile sealed plastic, 125-250 mL
Cool to 4 ° C 6 hours delivery plus 2 hours lab
Total Coliform Grab 100 Sterile sealed plastic, 125-250 mL
Cool to 4 ° C 6 hours delivery plus 2 hours lab
Nutrients*
Ammonia non-reg preserve
Grab 50 HDPE 1000 mL Cool to 4 ° C filter within 6 hrs and freeze up to 3 months
Ammonia reg preserve
Grab 50 HDPE 1000 mL Cool to 4 ° C or h2so4 to pH<2 and
cool to 4 ° C
48 hours (no acid) or 28 days (acid)
Nitrate plus nitrite non-reg preserve
Grab 50 HDPE 1000 mL Cool to 4 ° C filter within 6 hrs and freeze up to 3 months
Nitrate plus nitrite reg preserve
Grab 50 HDPE 1000 mL Cool to 4 ° C or h2so4 to pH<2 and
cool to 4 ° C
48 hours (no acid) or 28 days (acid)
Nitrogen, Total (not TKN) non-reg preserve
Grab 100 HDPE 1000 mL Cool to 4 ° C Freeze within 24 hours for up to 28
days
Total Phosphorus non-reg preserve
Grab 100 HDPE 1000 mL Cool to 4 ° C Freeze within 24 hours for up to 28
days
Orthophosphate non-reg preserve
Grab 50 HDPE 1000 mL Cool to 4° C filter within 6 hours and freeze up to 3
months
Orthophosphate EPA reg preserve
Grab 50 HDPE 1000 mL Field Filter immediately Cool to 4° C
analyze within 48 hours
Nutrient preservation methods in bold are those used for CWMN routine sampling activities
Non bold are for follow up and special studies sampling (critical parameters)
Page 26 of 44
Table 2: Sample Collection Requirements, continued Other
Chlorophyll and phaeophytin
grab 100 Dark HDPE 1000 mL
Cool to 4° C filter within 6 hours, then freeze 21 days
Specific conductance Instream or grab
n/a / 250 HDPE 500 mL n/a / Cool to 4 ° C n/a / 24 hours
Dissolved Oxygen Instream n/a n/a n/a n/a
pH Instream or grab
n/a / 250 HDPE 500 mL n/a / zero headspace and
cool to 4° C
6 hours
Salinity Instream or grab
n/a / 250 HDPE 500 mL n/a / Cool to 4 ° C 24 hours
Surfactants Grab 50 HDPE 500 mL Cool to 4 ° C 6 hours
Temperature Instream or grab
n/a / 250 HDPE 500 mL n/a Analyze immediately
Total Suspended Solids Grab 200 HDPE 500 mL Cool to 4° C 7 days
B2-5 Nutrients
Nutrient sampling occurs at indicator sites only, unless nutrients are a particular pollutant of
concern at a subwatershed or follow up sampling station. The collection of both nutrient and
chlorophyll samples at selected sites will help develop the relationship between these parameters
in the Neponset Watershed. To minimize laboratory costs, nutrient samples may be analyzed for
nitrogen at stations located in the downstream portions of the watershed near the estuary where
nitrogen is the limiting nutrient, and not in upstream areas.
There are no enforceable, quantitative, nutrient criteria in the Massachusetts Surface Water
Quality Standards, nor is there a nutrient TMDL for the Neponset Watershed. Nutrient analysis is
donated by the MWRA Lab.
At this time, MWRA budget constraints require the use of MWRA’s non-regulatory preservation
methods for watershed association samples for all 5 nutrient parameters. Therefore, all nutrient
samples for the routine monitoring program must be considered estimates and will be indicated
as such on all reports. The various combinations of MWRA and EPA regulatory or non-
regulatory preservation methods are summarized in Table 2.
The sample is collected in a pre-cleaned 1-liter sample bottle provided by the lab. As with the
above samples, bottles are labeled with site ID#, date, time, and sampler’s initials and put on ice
to maintain a temperature of 4 degrees Celsius. Samples are delivered to the labs within 6 hours
of sampling. The 1- Liter bottle is split by the MWRA to test for total nitrogen, total phosphorus,
nitrate plus nitrite, orthophosphate (dissolved reactive phosphorus), ammonia and chlorophyll a.
B2-6 Specific Conductance, and Salinity
For follow up sampling, either grab-samples or direct measurement may be used for specific
conductance and/or conductivity. Salinity testing is not included in the routine sampling program
but may be included in follow up or special study sampling activities. Samples are collected in a
cleaned and rinsed bottle for later analysis by NepRWA staff. Specific procedures are detailed in
Appendix 3h-i. Samples that are to be analyzed for specific conductance must be tested within 24
Page 27 of 44
hours of collection and they must be kept on ice or refrigerated. Conductivity measurements (as
opposed to specific conductance) must be made in the field.
B2-7 Temperature
After all discrete samples for fecal coliform, TSS, nutrients, and specific conductance are taken,
a thermometer is submerged in the river or separate grab-sample until a constant reading is
attained (2 to 3 minutes). Temperature is recorded to the nearest 1/2 degree Celsius. The program
uses Enviro-Safe armor case thermometers which have a biodegradable citrus based fluid are
NIST certified to ensure reliability and minimize safety and environmental concerns. For special
study projects, temperature may be taken on a continuous basis using data logging temperature
sensors to provide a better picture of diurnal and seasonal fluctuations.
B2-8 pH
More than seven years of past sampling data has indicated very few incidents where pH has been
outside Mass Surface Water Quality Standards criteria. As a result, pH is now considered a non-
critical parameter for the routine sampling program. Therefore, during routine sampling
operations, grab-samples are collected for pH and measured at the NepRWA office with a
handheld pH meter. Grab-samples are kept on ice with zero head space to minimize dissolution
or degassing of carbon dioxide. The meters are three-point calibrated against commercial buffer
solution immediately before testing, and checked against the pH 4,7, and 10 standards after every
25 samples and at the end of testing. The meter must read 7.0 +/- 0.2 SU, otherwise all samples
since the last calibration or check must be flagged or excluded, and the meter must be re-
calibrated. Where pH is a critical parameter for follow up sampling, it is measured directly in the
field.
B2-9 Dissolved Oxygen
Dissolved oxygen is a critical parameter and is measured directly instream using a meter. During
routine sampling activities, a separate team of DO volunteers is used to take DO measurements.
Measurements are taken in both mg/L and % saturation. Temperature measurements are always
taken in concert with DO measurements. Procedures are outlined in Appendix 3c-e and follow
the manufacturer’s recommendations. Ideally, DO measurements would be taken just prior to
dawn to be representative of worst-case conditions. However, the logistics of mobilizing
volunteers so early in the morning make it infeasible to incorporate pre-dawn DO sampling into
the routine sampling program. Routine DO samples are taken between 6 AM and 8 AM. From
time to time, additional follow-up or special study sampling for DO may be scheduled during
pre-dawn hours.
B2-10 Surfactants
Surfactants are generally not analyzed as part of routine sampling activities. They are, however,
measured, where indicated, during follow up sampling, particularly at outfalls where sewage
contamination is suspected. Grab-samples are taken and analyzed either immediately in the field
or, more often, later at the NepRWA office, using the ChemMetrics R-9400 test kit.
B2-11 Depth and Flow
Crude qualitative estimates of depth and flow are made using a plumb bob to gauge depth and
three repetitions of a float velocity test timed across a known distance. At some stations staff
Page 28 of 44
gauges are available and are substituted for the plumb bob. As discussed further below, data
from the six automated USGS gauges is used to supplement the estimated flow data.
B2-12 Optical Brighteners
Optical brightener sampling will be used to further investigate pollution sources throughout the
watershed. Optical brightener testing will be used as a qualitative measure during follow up
sampling in order to better pinpoint pollution sources or identify areas where illicit cross
connections to stormwater discharges are of concern. Optical brighteners will be sampled and
analyzed as describe in Appendix 3o.
B2-13 Qualitative Ammonia Nitrogen
Another qualitative tool for assessing potential pollution sources may be an evaluation of
Ammonia Nitrogen. Ammonia nitrogen is currently a parameter that is analyzed at “indicator”
sites throughout the watershed during normal sampling routines. This form of ammonia nitrogen
sampling will be conducted during follow up sampling as another qualitative indicator aiding in
pinpointing potential pollution sources. Sampling and analysis of qualitative ammonia nitrogen
samples will be conducted in accordance with Appendix 3p.
B3 Sample Handling and Custody
All samples collected for lab analysis are pre-labeled with the NepRWA site ID#. Before filling
the bottles, volunteers verify that the site ID# on the bottles is correct and make any changes if
needed. Samples are collected by the volunteer and put on ice. Volunteers then bring their
samples and field data sheets to the drop-off location, sign the chain of custody and relinquish
them to the drop off site coordinator. Samples are kept on ice for transport to the NepRWA
office, where the site coordinators sign the chain of custody and relinquish them to the event
manager. At the NepRWA office, the event manager verifies that all information on the chain of
custody, field data sheet and sample bottle match, making corrections or referring questions to
the applicable site coordinator or volunteer as needed. The MWRA laboratory requires that pre-
printed, bar-coded labels be affixed to each sample bottle. Once the event manager has
confirmed all the information on the COC, datasheet and bottle, he or she affixes the preprinted
lab label to the bottle. The event manager then sorts the samples into coolers, prepares splits if
any, and relinquishes the samples to the lab runner. Finally the lab runner relinquishes the
samples to the appropriate laboratory personnel.
B4 Analytical Methods
Analytical methods are summarized in the table below
Laboratory analysis may be conducted at five or more facilities. The Massachusetts Water
Resources Authority Central Laboratory on Deer Island, Boston conducts the bulk of the analysis
for routine sampling activities including E. coli, chlorophyll and nutrient analyses. The MWRA
laboratory leader is Nancy McSweeney, and the MWRA Client Services Coordinator is Ed
Page 29 of 44
Caruso at 617-539-4329 (or Lisa Wong in Mr. Caruso’s absence, 617-539-4331). In addition the
MWRA laboratory has the capability to conduct a wide variety of other types of analysis for
follow-up sampling events if needed. Standard operating procedures for the MWRA are attached
in Appendix 6.
Analysis for E. coli and/or Enterococcus samples may be performed at NepRWA’s office, or at
the University of Massachusetts Boston (UMASS) Water Quality Laboratory, using the Colilert
or Enterolert methods of analysis. The bulk of follow-up sampling analysis for bacteria occurs at
one of the institutions. Analysis at these facilities is conducted by or overseen by NepRWA staff.
The Standard Operating Procedure for Colilert and Enterolert analysis at NepRWA and UMASS
is contained in Appendix 7a.
Occasionally G&L Laboratories or Alpha Analytical may be used for the analysis of fecal
coliform or other parameters during follow-up or special study sampling. However, since the
Mass Surface Water Quality Standards have been changed, fecal coliform analysis will generally
no longer be utilized.
Grab-samples for specific conductance, pH and surfactants will be analyzed in the NepRWA
office by a trained staff member or volunteers. Standard Operating Procedures for field sampling
and dissolved oxygen and specific conductance measurement are attached in Appendix 3.
Follow up sampling endeavors may also include analysis of optical brightener samples and
qualitative ammonia nitrogen analysis. Both parameters will be analyzed in the NepRWA office
by trained staff members or volunteers. Standard Operating Procedures for field sampling and
analysis are included in the attached documents in Appendix 3.
Page 30 of 44
Table 3: Analytical Methods
Analyte Units Method Lab
Bacteria
E. coli MPN cfu/100 mL or cfu/100 mL
SM 9223B (Colilert) or SM 9222D or MWRA
1167.4*
MWRA Umass NepRWA
Enterococcus MPN cfu/100 mL or cfu/100 mL
SM 9223 (Enterolert) or SM 9230C or MWRA
1217.3* MWRA
Fecal Coliform cfu/100 mL SM 9222D** MWRA
Total Coliform (Colilert) MPN cfu/100 mL SM 9222 (Colilert)*** MWRA
Nutrients
Ammonia Reported by lab in uM, converted to mg/L MWRA 1005.9 MWRA NepRWA
Nitrate plus Nitrite Reported by lab as uM, converted to mg/L MWRA 1007.7 MWRA
Nitrogen, Total Reported by lab as uM, converted to mg/L MWRA 1072.4 MWRA
Orthophosphate Reported by lab as uM, converted to mg/L MWRA 1006.7 MWRA
Total Phosphorous Reported by lab as uM, converted to mg/L MWRA 1072.4 MWRA
Other
Chlorophyll and phaeophytin ug/L MWRA 1108.4 MWRA
Specific conductance uS/cm EPA 120.1 NepRWA
Dissolved Oxygen mg/L SM 4500-O D NepRWA
pH SU EPA VMH 5.4 or
EPA Method 150.1 NepRWA
Salinity ppt SM 2520B NepRWA
Surfactants mg/L
EPA 425.1
NepRWA (by CHEMets R-9400)
Temperature °C SM 2550B NepRWA
TSS mg/L MWRA 1012.1 MWRA
Optical Brighteners Positive, Negative, or Retest NepRWA Sampling and
Analysis SOP NepRWA
Qualitative Ammonia mg/L
CHEMetrics V-2000
NepRWA CHEMetrics K-1403
EPA = "Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes," Publication EPA-600/4-87-017, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati, March 1983
SM = "Standard Methods for the Examination of water and waste water." 18th ed., American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Pollution Control Federation, Washington, DC, 1992
EPA VMH = "Volunteer Stream Monitoring: A Methods Manual." USEPA, EPA reference: EPA 841-B-97-003, November 1997 * Method varies with lab, method associated with each lab is provided in Appendix 6, 7 or 8. MWRA lab performs analysis for routine
sampling, UMASS/NepRWA lab performs most follow-up analysis, others used for occasional follow-up analysis.
** Fecal Coliform analysis is available from several of the labs but is not part of routine sampling and is now seldom used for follow-up sampling.
*** Total Coliform results are a byproduct of Colilert/Enterolert analysis and are needed as part of the Colilert/Enterolert QA process. Total
coliform results are not used for watershed assessment and are generally not reported to outside users.
B5 Quality Control
The following table describes the measures that NepRWA will take to ensure that the CWMN
samples are accurate and precise. Subjective visual observations such as color, odor, depth,
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velocity and turbidity do not have any formal QC requirements. During training volunteers are
given guidelines for their visual observations to ensure consistency between observations.
Page 32 of 44
Table 4: QC Samples and Acceptance Criteria
Analyte Number of
QC Samples Acceptance Criteria
Bacteria: E. coli
Field Duplicates 10% <=30% RPD Log10 transformed
Lab Splits 1 per batch1 <=30% RPD Log10 transformed
Lab Blanks 1 per batch Not exceeding lab MDLs
Positive Control 1 per day Too numerous to count (MF) or fluorescence (Colilert)
Bacteria: Enterococcus
Field Duplicates 10% <=30% RPD Log10 transformed
Lab Splits 1 per batch <=30% RPD Log10 transformed
Lab Blanks 1 per day Not exceeding lab MDLs
Positive Control 1 per day Too numerous to count (MF) or fluorescence (Colilert)
Bacteria: Fecal Coliform
Field Duplicates 10% <=30% RPD Log10 transformed
Lab Splits 10% or 1 per batch <=30% RPD Log10 transformed
Lab Blanks 1 per day Not exceeding lab MDLs
Positive Control 1 per day Too numerous to count
Bacteria: Total Coliform
Field Duplicates 10% <=30% RPD Log10 transformed
Lab Splits 1 per batch <=30% RPD Log10 transformed
Lab Blanks 1 per batch Not exceeding lab MDLs
Positive Control 1 per day All cells yellow
Nitrogen: Ammonia (Quantitative and Qualitateive)
Field Duplicates 10% RPD < 25% for values > 0.5 mg/L, RPD < 50% for values < 0.5 mg/L
Lab Splits 5% RPD < 25% for values > 0.5 mg/L, RPD < 50% for values < 0.5 mg/L
Lab Blanks 1 per batch Not exceeding 5x lab MDLs
Lab Fortified Blank (MWRA LCS) 1 per 20 samples 85% to 115% Recovery
Nitrogen: Nitrate plus nitrite
Field Duplicates 10% RPD < 25% for values > 0.5 mg/L, RPD < 50% for values < 0.5 mg/L
Lab Splits 5% RPD < 25% for values > 0.5 mg/L, RPD < 50% for values < 0.5 mg/L
Lab Blanks 1 per batch Not exceeding 5x lab MDLs
Lab Fortified Blank (MWRA LCS) 1 per batch 85%-115% recovery
Nitrogen: Total Nitrogen
Field Duplicates 10% RPD < 25% for values > 0.5 mg/L, RPD < 50% for values <0.5 mg/L
Lab Splits 5% RPD < 25% for values > 0.5 mg/L, RPD < 50% for values <0.5 mg/L
Lab Blanks 1 per batch Not exceeding 5x lab MDLs
Lab Fortified Blank (MWRA LCS) 1 per batch 85%-115% recovery 1A batch is defined as a group of 20 or fewer samples.
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Table 4: QC Samples and Acceptance Criteria, Continued
Analyte Number of
QC Samples Acceptance Criteria
Phosphorous: Orthophosphate
Field Duplicates 10%
RPD < 25% for values > 0.5 mg/L, RPD < 50% for values < 0.5 mg/L
Lab Splits 5%
RPD < 25% for values > 0.5 mg/L, RPD < 50% for values < 0.5 mg/L
Lab Blanks 1 per batch Not exceeding 5x lab MDLs
Lab Fortified Blank (MWRA LCS) 1 per batch 85% to 115% recovery
Phosphorous: Total Phosphorous
Field Duplicates 10%
RPD < 25% for values > 5 x MDL; RPD < 50% for values < 5 x MDL
Lab Splits 5%
RPD < 25% for values > 5 x MDL; RPD < 50% for values < 5 x MDL
Lab Blanks 1 per batch Not exceeding 5x lab MDLs
Lab Fortified Blank (MWRA LCS) 1 per batch 85% to 115%
Chlorophyll and phaeophytin
Field Duplicates 10% <=20% RPD
Lab Split 1 per batch <=20% RPD
Lab Blank 1 per batch Not exceeding 5x lab MDLs
Specific Conductance
Field Duplicates 10% +/- 1% full scale
Dissolved Oxygen
Field Duplicates 10% +/- 0.5 mg/L
pH
Field Duplicates 10% +/- 0.2 SU
Salinity
Field Duplicates 10% RPD< 4% full scale or +/- 0.2 ppt
Temperature
Field Duplicates 10% +/- 0.5°C
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Analyte Number of
QC Samples Acceptance Criteria
Total Suspended Solids
Field Duplicates 10% of samples RPD <= 29%
Lab Splits 10% of samples RPD <= 29%
Lab Blanks 1 per batch <5.0 mg/L
Lab Fortified Blank (MWRA LCS) 1 per batch 77% to 129% recovery
Surfactants
Field Duplicates 10% +/- 1 increment on color comparator
Lab Blanks 1 per batch 0 mg/L
Optical Brighteners
Field Duplicates 5% Total
Agreement
Lab Blanks 1 per batch Negative
Result
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B6 Equipment Inspection, Calibration, and Maintenance
The project manager must inspect all equipment used in the program; outside equipment will not
be allowed. All new equipment is checked when received to verify good condition, and any
issues are referred back the vendor. All new equipment is identified with a unique equipment ID
number that is used to track instruments throughout its lifetime.
Maintenance and calibration activities take place as indicated in the table below. An inventory
sheet and maintenance log is maintained for all equipment. Calibration information and any mid-
sampling calibration confirmations are recorded on field data sheets for field instruments and on
lab data sheets for lab instruments. In addition, volunteers are provided with a checklist of
equipment and are instructed to review this list before every event. The following table shows
the schedule and methods for equipment inspection, calibration, and maintenance.
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Table 5: Equipment Inspection, Calibration, and Maintenance
Equipment Type, Make and Model
Inspection Frequency
Type of Inspection
Calibration Frequency
Post Check Criteria
Available Parts
Maintenance Record keeping
Thermometer, Enviro-Safe "Easy Read" Armor Case Thermometers
Each monitoring event
Visually check for separations in column
Annually against triple point of water Annually against traceable thermometer
n/a Spare thermometer
Annually or as needed
Logbook notation
pH meter, Oakton Waterproof pHTestr 2
Each monitoring event
Battery life, electrolyte, probe integrity
3 point calibration at beginning of each sampling day, reconfirm after every 25 samples and at end
pH standard 7 solution reads 7.0 +/_ 0.2 SU
Spare batteries, electrolyte, and electrodes
Annually or as needed
Logbook notation
Specific Conductance meter, YSI 85
Each monitoring event
Battery life at beginning of each sampling day, reconfirm after every 25 samples and at end
Standard 1000 uS/cm solution reads 1000 +/_ 1%
Spare batteries
Annually or as needed
Logbook notation
Dissolved oxygen meter, YSI 550 or YSI 85
Each monitoring event
Battery life, electrical connections, membrane condition
Saturated air and zero-DO (< 0.5 mg/L) checks at beginning of day, reconfirm after every 25 samples and at end *
± 0.5 mg/L of sat. value, < 0.5 mg/L for zero std
Spare membranes, batteries
Annually or as needed
Logbook notation
Depth Gauge (plumb bob)
Each Monitoring Event
Visual for knot and tangle problems
None None Sting, replacement bob
Annually or as needed
None
Qualitative Ammonia photometer, CHEMetrics V-2000
Each Monitoring Event
Visual inspection of unit and battery life
Calibrated by CHEMetrics Checked with Ammonia standards prior to field season
Blanks tested before every set of analysis
Replacement sample cell adapters
Annually or as needed
Logbook notation
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Equipment Type, Make and Model
Inspection Frequency
Type of Inspection
Calibration Frequency
Post Check Criteria
Available Parts
Maintenance Record keeping
UV viewing cabinet
Each use Visual Inspect ion Light and housing
None None Rplaceable UV lightbulbs (365 nm Long Wave UV)
Annually or as needed
None
VWR digital traceable data logging thermometer
Data Log checked once a week
Inspection of data logged by unit
Annually against triple point of water
n/a
Replacement temperature probe
Annually or as needed
Logbook notation
* DO meters are calibrated to saturated air and zero DO by NepRWA’s Environmental Scientist
prior to be handed out to volunteers. Volunteers then follow the DO Meter SOP (Appendix 3c)
with calibrations to saturated air in the field with a confirmation of that calibration upon
completion of sampling.
B7 Inspection and Acceptance of Supplies and Consumables
The table below provides a list of supplies that will be used during the sampling season. The
project manager inspects all supplies upon receipt and any issues are referred back the vendor.
Outside supplies are not allowed. An inventory sheet is attached and is maintained by NepRWA
staff (Appendix 4c). In addition, volunteers are provided with a checklist of supplies (Appendix
3b) and equipment and are instructed to review this list before every event. Note that distilled
water is purchased from local merchants in gallon jugs. Distilled water is stored in its original
packaging and may be dispensed into triple rinsed 1L bottles for convenient field use.
Table 6: Inspection of Supplies
Supplies Inspection Frequency
Type of Inspection Available Parts Maintenance
Reagents (pH, nutrient spikes, specific conductance, qualitative ammonia and DO standards)
Before each sampling event
Visual inspection of quantity and expiration date
Spare, fresh reagents
Replacement upon expiration
Field and lab sample sheets
Before each sampling event
Visual Additional copies NA
Sample bottles Before each sampling event
Visual inspection of cleanliness and seal. Inspect seal for reused and cleaned bottles
One set of spare bottles
NA
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Supplies Inspection Frequency
Type of Inspection Available Parts Maintenance
Cooler Before each sampling event
Cleanliness, Ice packs NA Annually or as needed
Liquinox Detergent
Before each sampling event
Visual inspection of quantity and quality Spare fresh detergent
Annually or as needed
Distilled Water Before each sampling event
Visual inspection of quantity and quality Spare fresh distilled water
Annually or as needed
Depth line with attached weight
Before each sampling event
Visual inspection of line and weight Spare line and weight
Annually or as needed
Bridge Buddy Before each sampling event
Visual inspection of buckles and rope Buckles and rope Annually or as needed
Sampling Pole Before each sampling event
Visual inspection NA Annually or as needed
Optical Brightener sampling devices
Before each sampling event
Visual inspection and inspection under UV light
Additional sampling devices
Annually or as needed
B8 Non-Direct Measurements and Data
Geographical information used to locate sites and identify land use activities is obtained using a
handheld GPS, MassGIS data layers and USGS topographic maps at 1:25,000 scale of Boston
South, Norwood, Foxboro, and Brockton. Stations for the routine sampling locations are pre-
located by NepRWA staff using GPS. Station locations for follow-up or special study sampling
may either be pre-located with GPS or may be located with GPS as sampling occurs, depending
on the circumstances.
Historical CWMN data for each of our sampling sites, National Weather Service data, and USGS
Stream Gage Data are used to provide qualitative information about stream conditions during
each sampling event. This information provides the context through which water quality data is
evaluated (e.g.: seasonal high flow, abnormally high flow, seasonal low flow, abnormally low
flow).
Background information and previous research was taken from many sources which are
referenced in the References section.
B9 Data Management
The Project Manager is responsible for overseeing all data management activities. Refer also to
section D below for additional discussion of data review, verification and validation practices.
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B9-1 Raw Data
Field data sheets are collected with the samples. The sheets are turned into the NepRWA office
by the site coordinators. The forms are then reviewed for illegible answers, errors or questionable
values, and checked for consistency with the COC and bottle labels as described in Appendix 3k.
Any questions are referred to the volunteer for clarification. NepRWA staff makes corrections by
crossing out the errors and writing in the correct answer. All corrections must be initialed.
B9-2 Data Entry and Validation
Once the information has undergone a preliminary check, it is entered into an Excel database.
The software has been customized to the data sheet. Fields within the worksheet have been set-
up with limits based on expected results. This helps to minimize entry errors. Refer to Appendix
4h for a sample excel spreadsheet including formulas. Entered data is then checked against the
data sheets by another volunteer or staff person.
B9-3 Data Storage
The original data sheets are filed into an event file and stored in NepRWA’s permanent files.
Electronic copies of data are stored on the Project Manager’s hard drive within a specified
CWMN folder. Data files are kept in perpetuity, along with hard copies of volunteer data sheets.
All electronic data is backed-up daily on to a password-protected hard drive.
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C Assessment and Oversight
C1 Assessments and Response Actions
Review of the monitoring/sampling activities is the responsibility of the Project Manager and the
Quality Assurance Officer. Volunteers must attend annual refresher seminars. The Project
Manager or Assistant will train and evaluate each monitor annually, and an evaluation form will
be completed. Any performance problems are recorded and consistent problems will result in on-
site retraining. Additionally, volunteers may be observed periodically in the field throughout the
sampling season.
Data quality is assessed during each event, when samples are initially received, when analyzed at
each of the labs, after the results have been entered, and again during the reporting process
before results are disseminated to end users. The QA officer at each of the respective labs and the
NepRWA Data Manager are responsible for this process. The Project Manager at NepRWA
reviews the data quality during the data entry, analysis, and reporting steps. The Project Manager
is responsible for reporting all of the data to the volunteers and appropriate officials. NepRWA’s
Outreach Coordinator is responsible for posting current and historical data results to the
organization’s web site. Data will be checked for consistency with quality control criteria
described in Table 4 before it is posted online. Data that does not meet quality control criteria
will be posted as “flagged” for not meeting quality control checks.
All field and laboratory activities may be reviewed by DEP and EPA project quality assurance
officers as requested. The Project Manager remains in close touch with the Project Managers at
the labs.
The overall progress and function of the program and its components is reviewed on an ongoing
basis by project staff and partners, through quarterly reports to the NepRWA Board of Directors
and through the periodic preparation or updating of the QAPP.
C2 Reports to Management
After all aspects of the data have been subjected to QA/QC review as described above in sections
B9 and C1 above, results will be reported to volunteers, local officials, regulatory staff and other
interested parties after each event by email or postal mail with a brief interpretation of results.
Any samples measured using non-regulatory collection, preservation and/or analysis methods
will be flagged in all reports as further discussed in section D1 below.
Descriptive statistics and graphs may be included to aid in interpretation. All results will be
converted from lab reported units (µmol/L in the case of nutrients) to conventional units. All
reports will also include information on weather conditions as these are critical to interpreting the
data. The standard interim report includes the weather category at the tip of the sheet and the
definition of the weather categories at the bottom. Larger compilation reports will generally
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include an extended discussion of weather conditions associated with each sampling round.
Results may also be mapped using NepRWA’s GIS.
Reports to management will include a qualitative and quantitative summary of the field and
laboratory results, as well as a summary of the quality control results, and a letter of discussion,
explanation and interpretation. Quality Assurance problems, or the lack thereof, will be
highlighted in the data and described in the letter. These event reports will also be published to
NepRWA’s website (www.neponset.org). NepRWA makes every effort to provide a quick
turnaround of data and information to stakeholders and volunteers.
Where significant pollution sources are found, results will be presented to potential responsible
parties by meeting in person. A final Compilation Report will also be prepared periodically and
will be distributed to all stakeholders. Furthermore, the Project Manager will make quarterly
progress reports to the NepRWA Board of Directors and, when appropriate, other funders.
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D Data Validation and Usability
D1 Data Review, Verification, and Validation
The project manager and CWMN assistant will review all field and laboratory data to determine
if the data meet the requirements of the QAPP. Decisions to reject or qualify data are made by
the project manager and the QA officer. Rejected data will be highlighted in the Excel
spreadsheet and documented. Spreadsheets have formulas built in to spot-check all calculations
and conversions. All data will be reviewed immediately upon receipt, entered when staff time is
available and reported to interested parties prior to the next sampling event.
Field data sheets are designed to lead the volunteers through the proper procedures for both
recording information, and taking samples properly. Field data sheets, specific conductance data
sheets, and dissolved oxygen data sheets are reviewed by drop-off coordinators, the CWMN
assistant, or the project manager the day of the sampling event. Sheets are checked for
completeness, legibility and indications that procedures were followed. Any questions are
immediately referred to the sample site volunteer. Problems that are not correctable are flagged
by highlighting suspect data with magenta fill. Issues that arise in these reviews are recorded in a
spreadsheet that is maintained throughout the sampling season, and addressed by the project
manager during annual re-training. The project manager will also review all chain of custody
forms at the end of the sampling day. Hold times will be verified and any problems will be
flagged and recorded.
When the analyzed results are compiled into a common Excel workbook the project manager
will go through the QC process confirming that the number of QC tests performed is equivalent
to the number that is required by the QAPP. QC checks include field duplicate and lab split
samples, as well as blanks, and in the case of bacterial analysis, positive and negative controls.
The acceptance criteria found in Table 4 above, are built into the spreadsheets, for an immediate
flag as soon as data are entered. If necessary, equipment may be checked and/or calculations re-
run. Any uncorrectable problems will be flagged and recorded for further action.
Quality control requirements and acceptance criteria for the MWRA laboratory data are found in
Table 2. MWRA quality control results are reported to NepRWA and stored in our permanent
database. Results that are not validated by these quality control checks are flagged.
In addition to the QC checks, the Project Manager will confirm that all data has been transferred
from the data sheet to the permanent database accurately. The data will be reviewed for any
outliers or blanks. Errors will be corrected with any irreconcilable issues recorded for additional
action. Furthermore, interim and final reports will be reviewed by two separate individuals to
ensure that they are complete, clear, and that all data that should be flagged due to nonstandard
preservation or collection methods or other QC problems, is appropriately flagged. The Project
QA Officer will oversee all data entry, validation, and reporting procedures to ensure that all
procedures follow the QAPP.
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The following table details the actions that will be taken should data fail to attain quality
objectives.
Table 7: Data Quality Failure Contingency Plan
Parameter Corrective action planned if accuracy/precision objective not met
Planned response if completeness objective not met
Bacteria, E. coli If data discrepancy contact appropriate lab for explanation
If hold time not met or sample not taken – remind volunteer, if a continued problem train back-up samplers
Bacteria, Enterococcus If data discrepancy contact appropriate lab for explanation
If hold time not met or sample not taken – remind volunteer, if a continued problem train back-up samplers
Bacteria, Fecal coliform If data discrepancy contact appropriate lab for explanation.
If hold time not met or sample not taken – remind volunteer, if a continued problem train back-up samplers
Bacteria, Total Coliform Check positive and negative controls. Review handling procedures
If hold time not met or sample not taken – remind volunteer, if a continued problem train back-up samplers
Chlorophyll If data discrepancy contact appropriate lab for explanation
If hold time not met or sample not taken – remind volunteer, if a continued problem train back-up samplers
Specific conductance Check and recalibrate meter If sample was not collected – remind volunteer. If continued problem train back-up samplers. If hold time not met, provide additional help.
Dissolved Oxygen Check and recalibrate meter. Replace membrane and/or batteries
Train back-up samplers.
Nitrogen, Ammonia If data discrepancy contact appropriate lab for explanation
If hold time not met or sample not taken – remind volunteer, if a continued problem train back-up samplers
Nitrogen, Nitrite plus nitrate
If data discrepancy contact appropriate lab for explanation
If hold time not met or sample not taken – remind volunteer, if a continued problem train back-up samplers
Nitrogen, Total If data discrepancy contact appropriate lab for explanation
If hold time not met or sample not taken – remind volunteer, if a continued problem train back-up samplers
pH (standard units) Check and recalibrate meter. Replace batteries and/or electrode
If sample was not collected – remind volunteer. If continued problem train back-up samplers. If hold time not met, provide additional help.
Phosphorus, Total If data discrepancy contact appropriate lab for explanation
If hold time not met or sample not taken – remind volunteer, if a continued problem train back-up samplers
Phosphorous, Orthophosphate
If data discrepancy contact appropriate lab for explanation
If hold time not met or sample not taken – remind volunteer, if a continued problem train back-up samplers
Salinity Check and recalibrate meter. Replace batteries and/or probe
If sample was not collected – remind volunteer. If continued problem train back-up samplers.
Surfactants Contact analyst to evaluate causes. Retrain analyst if needed. Replace reagent lot and or comparator.
If sample was not collected – remind volunteer. If continued problem train back-up samplers.
Temperature (C) Replace thermometer Remind volunteer, if a continued problem train back-up samplers
TSS (mg/L) If data discrepancy contact appropriate lab for explanation
If hold time not met or sample not taken – remind volunteer, if a continued problem train back-up samplers
Qualitative Ammonia Nitrogen
Check instrument, send out for recalibration
Remind volunteer, if a continued problem train back-up samplers
Optical Brighteners Check negative control and UV lamp Remind volunteer, if a continued problem train back-up samplers
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D2 Reconciliation with User Requirements
Following each sampling event, and prior to the subsequent event, calculations and
determinations for precision, completeness, and accuracy will be made. Any corrective action
will be implemented, noted, and initialized by the project manager. If data quality indicators do
not meet the project’s specifications then data may be discarded, may be flagged or re-sampling
may occur. Investigation of problems will take place and corrections will be documented. If
equipment failure is found to be the cause, calibration and maintenance techniques will be
reassessed. Field duplicate testing may occur during the next sampling event to ensure
confidence in the results. Any limitations on the data will be noted. Any revisions to the project
will be submitted to EPA and DEP quality assurance officers for approval.