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8/9/2019 Paper 2: Introduction to the comprehension paper, reading strategies, tone, figurative questions & AQ
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PAPER 2Comprehension
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AGENDA
Introduction to the comprehension paper
Reading strategies
RE: Questions
Paraphrasing
Tone
Break
Figurative questions
AQ
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WH
AT IS READINGCOMPREHENSION?
the capacity for understanding fully; the act or action of grasping
with the intellect
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1.5 hours
35 marks for content, 15 marks for language
Not just your average comprehension paper
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PASSAGE TYPE
1 or 2
~1200 words
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QUESTION TYPES
Understanding (10-15 marks)
Vocabulary (5-7 marks)
Summary (8-10 marks)
Application (7-10 marks)
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HOW TO READ
1. transcend the pages
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2. be purposeful.
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WHAT GOOD READERS DO.
Finding main ideas and supporting details/evidence
Making inferences and drawing conclusions
Recognizing a text's patterns of organisation
Perceiving conceptual relationships
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TRUE OF FALSE?
I have to read every word.
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TRUE/FALSE?
My comprehension
falls if I read too fast.
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A CH
ECKLIST FOR TEST-TAKING
Do you skim every test for its gist?
Do you ask yourself what you already know about this topic?
Do you consciously try to identify the main argument and the
main ideas at the first reading?
Do you read each paragraph closely and carefully when you need
to?
Do you look at the hard words or expressions only if required to?
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THE QUESTION IS KING!
AIYOW
Use keywords
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PARAPHRASING
1. Use synonyms.
2. Change the sentence pattern.
3. Change the order of ideas.
4. Breakdown sentences.
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2 .
Technology can cause a disaster.
A technological disaster is possible.
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3 .
Technology can improve the quality of
life if we plan carefully for the future.
If we plan carefully for the future,
technology can improve the quality of life .
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4.
Mental disorder is undoubtedly a serious problem in our society,
and as a result, dozens of different psychotherapeutic procedures
have been developed over the past few decades, but to date these
procedures rarely lead to a complete cure, so psychologists continue
to search for new theories concerning the origin of mental problems
and to look for new techniques for eliminating the distress of mental
patterns.
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Mental disorder is undoubtedly a serious problem in our society.
As a result, dozens of different psychotherapeutic procedures have
been developed over the past few decades.However, to date these
procedures rarely lead to a complete cure. Consequently, psychologists
continue to search for new theories concerning the origin of mental
problems and to look for new techniques for eliminating the distress
of mental patients.
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PITFALLS TO AVOID
Misreading the original
Including too much of the original
Leaving out important information
Adding your opinion
Summarizing rather than paraphrasing
Substituting inappropriate synonyms
Expanding or narrowing the meaning
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CHECKLIST
Does the altered sentence mean exactly the same as the original?
Is the meaning clear?
Does the altered sentence read smoothly?
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QUESTIONS OF TONE
Questions to muse over:
Who is the writer?
What is his position?
What methods is he using to convince you?
Trustworthiness?
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VOCABULARY
Look at your worksheet.
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FIGURATIVE QUESTIONS
1 requirement:Understanding of the context
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IRONY
1 the expression of meaning through the use of language which
normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous effect.
2 a state of affairs that appears perversely contrary to what one
expects.
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IRONY EXAMPLE
What a good cookyou are! (When the opposite is true)
This gadget which is supposed to help you to save time, is taking
more timeaway from you.
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EXAMPLE ANSWER
One expects that (insert point from the passage that refers to the
expected outcome).However, in actual fact, (insert point from the
passage that refers to the actual outcome). Thus, the irony is in the
fact that the expected outcome is contrary to the actual outcome.
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PARADOX
1 a seemingly absurd or self-contradictory statement or proposition
that may in fact be true.
2 a person or thing that combines contradictory features or
qualities.
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PARADOX EXAMPLE
He who wants to be the leader
of a group must first be a servant.
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EXAMPLE ANSWER 1
7 step method
[1] It isexpected that [2] [3]. [4] However, in
actual fact [5], [6] [7]Thus, it isparadoxical because
these two contradictory ideas occur simultaneously.
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EXAMPLE ANSWER 2
contradicts , because . Despite this, both and are
seen to occur. Thus, it is a paradox.
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METAPHOR
1 a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to
something to which it is not literally applicable (e.g. foodfor thought).
2 a thing symbolic of something else.
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METAPHOR EXAMPLE
Even though the events of the twentieth century have taught us to
think of the term ethnic conflict as one word, the two concepts do
not have to go hand in hand. That is, ethnic conflict is not inevitable
in multi-ethnic slates. Just like a mosaic art piece; where a plethora of
individual tiles of contrasting textures and colours are instrumental to
the overall composition.
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EXAMPLE ANSWER
Just as So is Explain the similarity.
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WHAT IS REQUIRED OF
YOU
Fully understand the meaning of these terms
Link this understanding to the context of the
passage
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APPLICATION QUESTION
Freedom of expression.
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7 TYPES
1. Critique Issues and Formulate Arguments
2. Generate New Ideas and Alternatives
3. Compare and Contrast4. Solve Problem
5. Predict Consequences/ Possibilities
6. Draw own conclusions and make decisions
7. Anticipate Responses
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HOWWILL YOU BE
GRADED?
R = Requirement
E = Explanation (Ex)
E = Evaluation (Ev)
C = Coherence
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WRITING A GREAT AQ
G Grasp the Question Type and Requirement
R Refer to your marginal annotations of the passage
E Extract the relevant ideas and express your personal stand with
conviction
A Arrange your points logically
T Time yourself and work as fast as you can
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G G GRASP GRASP THE QUESTION
TYPE AND REQUIREMENT
Analyse the question carefully Circle/ underline/ highlight keywords!
What is the Question Type?
What is the specific task(s) required by the QT?
Do I understand the key task words and implications of thequestion?
How many parts does the question have?
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RR REFERREFER TO YOUR
MARGINAL ANNOTATIONS
Make notes. / Pick out main points.
Question the authors assumptions
Challenge the authors stand. Write your personal responses.
Think!How are my marginal annotations relevant to thequestion?
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E E EXTRACTEXTRACT THE
RELEVANT IDEAS
Have I thought through and written down all
relevant points?
Do I have a clear thesis statement? Have I put across my views strongly and persuasively?
Signalyour personalevaluation clearlywith Ithink/ believe/feel that !
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AA ARRANGE ARRANGE YOUR
POINTS LOGICALLY
Plan your AQ essay before you write!
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TT TIMETIME YOURSELF
20 to 25 minutes for the AQ
Advice: do not leave thinking about it to thelast!
Read about the AQ question from the start.
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CHECKLIST
Have you expressed your opinion of the arguments presented by
the writer? Have you supported your opinions with arguments?
Have you used specific examples from your own knowledge or
experience? Where?
Have you addressed the requirements of the question? All of
them?