Post on 10-Feb-2016
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Papua New GuineaViolence and Development
Key Facts Port Moresby, the capital
city, was rated the “Worst City in the World” by the Economist Intelligence Unit
#145 out of 177 on Human Development Index, between Cameroon and Haiti
Life expectancy (2000): 56.9 years
Adult literacy rate (2000): 57.3%
GDP/Capita ($PPP 2000): $2563.00
Violence and Women UNICEF estimates that around 1 million children in
Papua New Guinea live with violence, either at home or in their community.1
In rural areas, concepts of domestic and sexual violence do not exist.1
In Papua, New Guinea, 67% of rural women and 56% of urban women have been victims of wife abuse.2
Sexual harassment is not illegal.3
1 http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/papuang_30991.html; 2 http://www.womenagainstrape.net/international_statistics.htm; 3http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2005/61623.htm; 4. (Rape Statistics - Angau Hospital 2002)
Rape in PNG #28th in the world for absolute
number of rapes reported each year Police claim 8% of female
population have been raped2
Police are accused of being corrupt and not investigating rape charges.
Cases are underreported Surveys suggest roughly 50% of
women are rape victims
16% of rape had 5 or more perpetrators4
Cases of rapes involving more that 20 men have been reported
15-30% annual increase in numbers HIV/AIDS infected.1
2. http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/papuang_45211.html
Josie TankunaniSirivi, Recipient Nobel Peace Prize 2005
Raskols of Port Moresby
“Raskolsare known to be violent thugs and are notorious for armed robberies, rapes and armed hold-ups... I did the project so my photographs could bring humanity, dignity and honesty to the Raskols.
I wanted to allow them to have the opportunity to express themselves in front of the camera and bring me into their world and allow me to learn about their situation."
—Stephen Dupont, Photographer
http://www.booklyn.org/artists/%3Ch2%3EStephen%20Dupon%20Bondi%20Beach,%20Australia%3C/h2%3E.php
Raskol campOutside Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
Tribal Violence in PNGPhoto: Mudmen hand ornamentation
Naïve Preconcepti
on•Loin clothes, face paint and spears•Traditional tribal structure•Frequent intertribal conflicts over territory
Research Findings
•Loin clothes, face paint and spears AND GUNS!!!•Traditional tribal structure•Frequent intertribal conflicts over, according to a HuliWigman, “My land, my wife, my pigs and my wigs.”
Tribal Gun Culture Guns are supplied from
corrupt police force and Australian and Indonesia black markets
Has resulted into higher casualties in tribal conflicts
Many police stations have shut down in rural areas due to being out-gunned
Introduce of village “Rambos”
“It’s like rugby.”-A Western Highlander “Rambo” on tribal wars.
Current human rights concern
There has been a substantial increase in the practice of slaying “witches”
More than 150 cases last year
Technically illegal, but difficult to enforce because entire villages are involved
Violence and economics
Economic Climate PNG exports oil, gold,
coffee and other cash crops
Lack of government presence in rural areas has resulted in business acting as defacto governing body
Police often on business payroll
Many reports of people that oppose development in rural areas being slain by police
In Sum… Violence affects the lives
of everyone living in PNG Urban dwellers face
violence driven by poverty
Rural dwellers face violence driven by culture
The intense violence is the largest obstacle to attracting millions of potential research and investment dollars
Policy Recommendations
First and foremost…I HAVE NO IDEA.
Recommendations Best first step to
reform police force Lift out of poverty Train Educate Make accountable
Strengthen rural clinics and service providers
Fight corruption
The Catch 22: Development may reduce violence, but may also damage aspects of PNG that could
foster lasting development.