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Parametric SCAL modeling

Frode Lomeland

Leading Advisor Reservoir Flow Parameters

Statoil

Stavanger 14 November 2013

Classification: Internal 2013-08-21

Outline

• Introduction

• Workflow

• Trend functions and analysis

• Local trend curves and saturation regions (bins)

• Extension of SCAL model to include Hamon’s theory

• Quality control and deliveries

• Short summary of benefits of parametric SCAL modeling

SCAL contributions to IOR / EOR 1 • Special core analysis (SCAL) is a study of multi-phase fluid flow in rock

• Traditionally SCAL studies

− involves laboratory experiments, and

− deliver a model for reservoir flow parameters (RFP or SCAL model) that is

− used in the reservoir simulator

• Most IOR / EOR methods try to

− produce remaining oil left behind injection front by the original drainage plan

− produce oil that is not swept by the original drainage plan

• A high quality SCAL model is therefore recommended

SCAL contributions to IOR / EOR 2

• A high quality SCAL model means

− more correct reference when evaluating other injection fluids as EOR

− more correct reservoir flow parameter model which means

• more correct reservoir simulation model which means

− better prediction of remaining oil production for existing drainage plan

− better understanding and prediction of remaining targets for in-fill

drilling

• One way of preparing high quality SCAL models is to use

− parametric SCAL modeling

Short on parametric SCAL modeling

• Parameterize SCAL properties, relative permeability and capillary pressure,

based on formulas that can be used for all scales - from the small pore

scale or core plug scale and up to the large scale of grid cells in full field

models.

• Relative permeability and capillary pressure are represented parametrically

by the LET family of formulas (LET is a reference to the three authors in the

first paper on these formulas). Interpreted laboratory results are stored in a

parametric SCAL database.

• Trend analysis of SCAL parameters are significantly improved, and

consistent SCAL models with uncertainty are generated.

• Both up-scaling of SCAL data and history matching of multiphase flow are

improved and facilitated by using the parametric LET representation (not

discussed in this presentation).

SCA 2005-32 Lomeland, Ebeltoft and Thomas

Work flow for SCAL modeling

Caesar parameters & scalars

Cleopatra (Kr, Sr) Kr curves, scalars, exp data

Sendra (Kr, Sr, Pc) Numeric interpretation of exp

Hadrian scalar & curve generator

Eclipse & Stars

Servilia (Pc) Pc curves, scalars, exp data

Laboratory data Eclipse e-Core

Eclipse & Stars

Work flow for SCAL modelling

Eclipse & Stars

PAI selection Filter to field / litho-stratigraphic formation or group

Kabs vs Swir Porosity vs Swir

PAI - Porosity, Absolute permeability, Irreducible water saturation

• Increasing Swir in saturation end-point scaling gives an increased curvature of Krow

− This is opposite of what flow parameters from SCAL experiments show

• Increasing Swir in trend analysis shows a smaller L-parameter for Krow

− I.e. a more water wet system with less curvature

Trend analysis promotes more saturation regions

Curve shape parameters, end-point

saturations and end-point relative

permeability values are flow parameters Flow parameters vs. Swir

Residual saturation vs. Swir

permeability values are flow parameters

permeability values are flow parameters Flow parameters vs. Swir

Residual saturation vs. Swir

Basic definitions – WOGn

WOGn - notation:

• Bookkeeping system for the flooding processes. It consists of a triplet –

W-O-G - and a cycle number - n.

• The positions in the triplet are fixed and reserved for

• Water,

• Oil

• Gas

• Each position state the phase-saturation change - D, I or C meaning

• Decreasing,

• Increasing or

• Constant

The nomenclature is prepared for higher cycles to

complete multi-cycle hysteresis boundary curves

Local trend curves: IDC2 Krwr SS+USS

Classification: Internal 2012-05-10 16

CFG+PP

Flooding

Calibration point moved to an

abnormal position for

visualization purposes

Local trend curves: IDC2 Sendra hist. match

Saturation regions and flow parameter values ATZ

ATZ – Above (capillary)

Transition Zone

Initialization of Sw and Flow Parameters

• Chart from Ghedan 2012

• Corey exponents vs depth

• ATZ =

Above Transition Zone

• CTZ =

Capillary Transition Zone

Chart from Ghedan 2012

Hamon SPE-63144-MS

Saturation regions and RFP values in CTZ

20 Hamon SPE-63144-MS

Kr are distributed vs Swinit via SATNUM Wettability changes vs height above WOC and permeability

In capillary transition zone Above capillary transition zone

Hamon SPE-63144-MS

QC using global trend functions

Relative permeability with uncertainty

Benefits of parametric SCAL modeling

• Special core analysis (SCAL) is a cornerstone in modeling multiphase flow of

injection strategies for both basic and improved oil recovery processes.

Improved SCAL models imply more reliable reservoir simulation results.

• Proper SCAL models may improve the simulation of reservoir performance

and the quantification of SCAL related uncertainties, possibly worth billions

of dollars.

• The distinct advantages of using a parametric description of SCAL

properties, far outweigh the disadvantages of minor loss of quality of the

selected formulas (or correlations) when doing trend analysis in a large

database.

• Implemented as an evaluation tool in Statoil’s portfolio

• Statoil is probably industry leader within parametric SCAL evaluation and

modeling

Basic elements of parametric SCAL modeling

Presentation title

Presenters name

Presenters title

E-mail address ……@statoil.com

Tel: +4700000000 www.statoil.com

Eclipse & Stars

Key Publications • Lomeland F., Ebeltoft E. and Thomas W.H.: “A New Versatile Relative

Permeability Correlation”. Paper SCA 2005-32, International Symposium of

the Society of Core Analysts held in Toronto, Canada, 21-25 August, 2005.

• Lomeland F. and Ebeltoft E.:“A New Versatile Capillary Pressure

Correlation”. Paper SCA 2008-08, International Symposium of the Society

of Core Analysts, Abu Dhabi, UAE, 29 October – 2 November, 2008.

• Lomeland F., Hasanov B., Ebeltoft E. and Berge M. 2012. A Versatile

Representation of Up-scaled Relative Permeability for Field Applications.

Paper SPE 154487-MS presented at the EAGE Annual Conference &

Exhibition incorporating SPE Europec held in Copenhagen, Denmark, 4-7

June 2012.

• Lomeland F. and Ebeltoft E.:“Versatile Three-phase Correlations for

Relative Permeability and Capillary Pressure”. Paper SCA 2013-034,

International Symposium of the Society of Core Analysts, Napa Valley,

California, USA, 16–19 September, 2013.

Parametric SCAL modeling - Force life - max recovery 14.11... · Parametric SCAL modeling Frode...

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