Post on 30-May-2019
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Parkinson’s Disease: Etiology and Molecular Mechanisms
Binggui Sun Institute of Neuroscience
bsun@zju.edu.cn
Anatomical Changes in PD Loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta(SNpc)
Arvid Carlsson
Dr. Carlsson discovered in 1958 that dopamine is a neurotransmitter in the brain and that it has great importance for our ability to control movements
Etiology of Parkinson’s Disease
• Environmental toxin hypothesis
• Genetic hypothesis
• Gene vulnerability hypothesis
Etiology of Parkinson’s Disease
• Environmental toxin hypothesis
MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine): a
neurotoxin precursor to MPP+, which causes permanent symptoms of Parkinson's disease by destroying dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the brain.
Etiology of Parkinson’s Disease
• Environmental toxin hypothesis
MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine): a
neurotoxin precursor to MPP+, which causes permanent symptoms of Parkinson's disease by destroying dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the brain.
Rotenone: pesticide 鱼藤酮 Paraquat: herbicide 百草枯 Maneb: fungicide 代森锰
Etiology of Parkinson’s Disease
• Genetic hypothesis
SNCA: encoding α-synuclein PARK2: encoding the E3 ubiquitin ligase parkin PARK6: encoding PINK1,a mitochondrial kinase PARK7: encoding the protein DJ-1 PARK8: encoding leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) PARK9: encoding ATP13A2
Pathogenesis of Parkinson’s Disease
• Disruption of protein quality control
• Mitochondrial dysfunction
• Oxidative stress
• Inflammation
Pathogenesis of Parkinson’s Disease
• Disruption of protein quality control
Misfolding of proteins
Mahley, Neuron (2012)
Pathogenesis of Parkinson’s Disease
• Disruption of protein quality control
Misfolding of proteins Abnormal accumulation (Increase in production & deficits in clearance)
Pathogenesis of Parkinson’s Disease
• Disruption of protein quality control
Misfolding of proteins Abnormal accumulation (Increase in production & deficits in clearance)
UPS: ubiquitin proteasome system
Pathogenesis of Parkinson’s Disease
• Disruption of protein quality control
Misfolding of proteins Abnormal accumulation (Increase in production & deficits in clearance)
UPS: ubiquitin proteasome system Autophagy
Pathogenesis of Parkinson’s Disease
• Disruption of protein quality control
Misfolding of proteins Abnormal accumulation (Increase in production & deficits in clearance)
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Pathogenesis of Parkinson’s Disease
• Disruption of protein quality control
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Misfolding of proteins Abnormal accumulation (Increase in production & deficits in clearance)
Chem
Bio
l, 20
07
Pathogenesis of Parkinson’s Disease
• Disruption of protein quality control
Misfolding of proteins Abnormal accumulation (Increase in production & deficits in clearance)
Soluble oligomers are more toxic!
Pathogenesis of Parkinson’s Disease
• Disruption of protein quality control
• Mitochondrial dysfunction
• Oxidative stress
• Inflammation
Pathogenesis of Parkinson’s Disease
• Disruption of protein quality control
• Mitochondrial dysfunction
• Oxidative stress
• Inflammation
A unifying role for prions in neuro- degenerative diseases Prusiner SB, Science 2012, 336:1511-1513
Stanley B. Prusiner
Pathological α-synuclein transmission initiates Parkinson-like neurodegeneration in nontransgenic mice
Luk KC, et al., Science 2012