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Partners In JusticePartners In JusticeA Guide to the CriminalA Guide to the Criminal
Justice SystemJustice System
This project is supported by The Arc of North Carolina and the This project is supported by The Arc of North Carolina and the
NC Council on Developmental Disabilities and the funds it receives through P.L. 106-NC Council on Developmental Disabilities and the funds it receives through P.L. 106-402, the Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act of 2000.402, the Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act of 2000.
The Alleged Crime OccursThe Alleged Crime OccursThe Alleged Crime OccursThe Alleged Crime Occurs
Someone, usually an alleged victim or a Someone, usually an alleged victim or a witness, reports an alleged criminal act to witness, reports an alleged criminal act to law enforcement.law enforcement.
Occasionally an agency, such as the Occasionally an agency, such as the Department of Social Services, makes a Department of Social Services, makes a report to law enforcement after it report to law enforcement after it investigates an allegation.investigates an allegation.
Sometimes in cases of violence, medical Sometimes in cases of violence, medical personnel report to law enforcement.personnel report to law enforcement.
Someone, usually an alleged victim or a Someone, usually an alleged victim or a witness, reports an alleged criminal act to witness, reports an alleged criminal act to law enforcement.law enforcement.
Occasionally an agency, such as the Occasionally an agency, such as the Department of Social Services, makes a Department of Social Services, makes a report to law enforcement after it report to law enforcement after it investigates an allegation.investigates an allegation.
Sometimes in cases of violence, medical Sometimes in cases of violence, medical personnel report to law enforcement.personnel report to law enforcement.
The InvestigationThe InvestigationThe InvestigationThe Investigation
The alleged victim is interviewed The alleged victim is interviewed (except in homicide cases).(except in homicide cases).
Witnesses are located and interviewed.Witnesses are located and interviewed.
Physical evidence is collected (if any).Physical evidence is collected (if any).
The alleged victim is interviewed The alleged victim is interviewed (except in homicide cases).(except in homicide cases).
Witnesses are located and interviewed.Witnesses are located and interviewed.
Physical evidence is collected (if any).Physical evidence is collected (if any).
The ArrestThe ArrestThe ArrestThe Arrest The suspect is taken into custody (by force The suspect is taken into custody (by force
if necessary) after an arrest warrant or if necessary) after an arrest warrant or similar legal paper is issued.similar legal paper is issued.
The arrestee is taken before a magistrate (a The arrestee is taken before a magistrate (a low-level judicial official) who officially low-level judicial official) who officially charges the (now) defendant. charges the (now) defendant.
The magistrate sets bail for the defendant The magistrate sets bail for the defendant and sets the date for first appearance and sets the date for first appearance (must be within 96 hours, although the first (must be within 96 hours, although the first appearance usually occurs within 48 appearance usually occurs within 48 hours).hours).
The suspect is taken into custody (by force The suspect is taken into custody (by force if necessary) after an arrest warrant or if necessary) after an arrest warrant or similar legal paper is issued.similar legal paper is issued.
The arrestee is taken before a magistrate (a The arrestee is taken before a magistrate (a low-level judicial official) who officially low-level judicial official) who officially charges the (now) defendant. charges the (now) defendant.
The magistrate sets bail for the defendant The magistrate sets bail for the defendant and sets the date for first appearance and sets the date for first appearance (must be within 96 hours, although the first (must be within 96 hours, although the first appearance usually occurs within 48 appearance usually occurs within 48 hours).hours).
The First AppearanceThe First AppearanceThe First AppearanceThe First Appearance
At the defendant’s “first appearance” At the defendant’s “first appearance” (meaning the first time in front of a (meaning the first time in front of a judge as opposed to a magistrate or judge as opposed to a magistrate or clerk), a district court judge:clerk), a district court judge: Sets a new court date;Sets a new court date; Advises the defendant of his right to Advises the defendant of his right to
remain silent, his right to counsel, remain silent, his right to counsel, and tells the defendant what the and tells the defendant what the maximum sentence is for his/her maximum sentence is for his/her charge;charge;
At the defendant’s “first appearance” At the defendant’s “first appearance” (meaning the first time in front of a (meaning the first time in front of a judge as opposed to a magistrate or judge as opposed to a magistrate or clerk), a district court judge:clerk), a district court judge: Sets a new court date;Sets a new court date; Advises the defendant of his right to Advises the defendant of his right to
remain silent, his right to counsel, remain silent, his right to counsel, and tells the defendant what the and tells the defendant what the maximum sentence is for his/her maximum sentence is for his/her charge;charge;
The First AppearanceThe First AppearanceThe First AppearanceThe First Appearance
May appoint an attorney to represent May appoint an attorney to represent the defendant (if the defendant is found the defendant (if the defendant is found to be indigent); and,to be indigent); and,
May modify the conditions of release May modify the conditions of release set by the magistrate, e.g. bail or set by the magistrate, e.g. bail or release into someone’s custody.release into someone’s custody.
May appoint an attorney to represent May appoint an attorney to represent the defendant (if the defendant is found the defendant (if the defendant is found to be indigent); and,to be indigent); and,
May modify the conditions of release May modify the conditions of release set by the magistrate, e.g. bail or set by the magistrate, e.g. bail or release into someone’s custody.release into someone’s custody.
The Misdemeanor TrialThe Misdemeanor TrialThe Misdemeanor TrialThe Misdemeanor Trial
If the defendant is charged with a If the defendant is charged with a misdemeanor (less serious matters misdemeanor (less serious matters generally not resulting in active generally not resulting in active sentences), the case is heard in front of sentences), the case is heard in front of a District Court judge without a jury.a District Court judge without a jury.
If the defendant is charged with a If the defendant is charged with a misdemeanor (less serious matters misdemeanor (less serious matters generally not resulting in active generally not resulting in active sentences), the case is heard in front of sentences), the case is heard in front of a District Court judge without a jury.a District Court judge without a jury.
The defendant either pleads guilty or The defendant either pleads guilty or not guilty. not guilty.
If the defendant is found guilty in If the defendant is found guilty in District Court, he/she can ask for a jury District Court, he/she can ask for a jury trial in Superior Court.trial in Superior Court.
The defendant either pleads guilty or The defendant either pleads guilty or not guilty. not guilty.
If the defendant is found guilty in If the defendant is found guilty in District Court, he/she can ask for a jury District Court, he/she can ask for a jury trial in Superior Court.trial in Superior Court.
The Misdemeanor TrialThe Misdemeanor TrialThe Misdemeanor TrialThe Misdemeanor Trial
Felony CasesFelony CasesFelony CasesFelony Cases
In felony cases (ranging from forgery In felony cases (ranging from forgery to murder) the District Court judge to murder) the District Court judge will occasionally conduct a probable will occasionally conduct a probable cause hearing - a mini-trial with a low cause hearing - a mini-trial with a low burden of proof.burden of proof.
If the judge finds probable cause, the If the judge finds probable cause, the case goes to Superior Court for case goes to Superior Court for indictment which is the formal indictment which is the formal procedure used to charge someone procedure used to charge someone with a felony.with a felony.
In felony cases (ranging from forgery In felony cases (ranging from forgery to murder) the District Court judge to murder) the District Court judge will occasionally conduct a probable will occasionally conduct a probable cause hearing - a mini-trial with a low cause hearing - a mini-trial with a low burden of proof.burden of proof.
If the judge finds probable cause, the If the judge finds probable cause, the case goes to Superior Court for case goes to Superior Court for indictment which is the formal indictment which is the formal procedure used to charge someone procedure used to charge someone with a felony.with a felony.
The Grand JuryThe Grand JuryThe Grand JuryThe Grand Jury
Grand jury proceedings are held at Grand jury proceedings are held at regular intervals.regular intervals.
The grand jury decides whether to The grand jury decides whether to charge someone with a felony after charge someone with a felony after hearing from law enforcement as to hearing from law enforcement as to probable cause.probable cause.
Grand jurors do not serve as trial Grand jurors do not serve as trial jurors.jurors.
Grand jury proceedings are held at Grand jury proceedings are held at regular intervals.regular intervals.
The grand jury decides whether to The grand jury decides whether to charge someone with a felony after charge someone with a felony after hearing from law enforcement as to hearing from law enforcement as to probable cause.probable cause.
Grand jurors do not serve as trial Grand jurors do not serve as trial jurors.jurors.
ArraignmentArraignmentArraignmentArraignment
Arraignments are merely formal Arraignments are merely formal proceedings in which the defendant is proceedings in which the defendant is advised of the charges against him and advised of the charges against him and is asked how he pleads (guilty or not is asked how he pleads (guilty or not guilty).guilty).
This rarely occurs except in capital -This rarely occurs except in capital -potential death penalty - cases.potential death penalty - cases.
Arraignments are merely formal Arraignments are merely formal proceedings in which the defendant is proceedings in which the defendant is advised of the charges against him and advised of the charges against him and is asked how he pleads (guilty or not is asked how he pleads (guilty or not guilty).guilty).
This rarely occurs except in capital -This rarely occurs except in capital -potential death penalty - cases.potential death penalty - cases.
DiscoveryDiscoveryDiscoveryDiscovery
The District Attorney and the defense The District Attorney and the defense attorney develop information about the attorney develop information about the case and are required to share much of case and are required to share much of what has been learned with each other.what has been learned with each other.
There is an important exception. There is an important exception. Anything the defendant tells his Anything the defendant tells his attorney is completely confidential.attorney is completely confidential.
The District Attorney and the defense The District Attorney and the defense attorney develop information about the attorney develop information about the case and are required to share much of case and are required to share much of what has been learned with each other.what has been learned with each other.
There is an important exception. There is an important exception. Anything the defendant tells his Anything the defendant tells his attorney is completely confidential.attorney is completely confidential.
Pre-trial MotionsPre-trial MotionsPre-trial MotionsPre-trial Motions
Motions are made by either side about Motions are made by either side about legal, not factual, questions that could legal, not factual, questions that could arise during the trial. arise during the trial.
An example would be a motion to An example would be a motion to suppress the defendant’s alleged suppress the defendant’s alleged confession based on his mental state confession based on his mental state at the time. at the time.
Motions are made by either side about Motions are made by either side about legal, not factual, questions that could legal, not factual, questions that could arise during the trial. arise during the trial.
An example would be a motion to An example would be a motion to suppress the defendant’s alleged suppress the defendant’s alleged confession based on his mental state confession based on his mental state at the time. at the time.
Plea BargainsPlea BargainsPlea BargainsPlea Bargains
A plea bargain is an agreement A plea bargain is an agreement between the District Attorney and the between the District Attorney and the defendant in which the defendant defendant in which the defendant agrees to plead guilty for certain agrees to plead guilty for certain considerations, such as a lesser charge considerations, such as a lesser charge or a lesser sentence.or a lesser sentence.
Plea bargains are subject to approval Plea bargains are subject to approval by the judge.by the judge.
A plea bargain is an agreement A plea bargain is an agreement between the District Attorney and the between the District Attorney and the defendant in which the defendant defendant in which the defendant agrees to plead guilty for certain agrees to plead guilty for certain considerations, such as a lesser charge considerations, such as a lesser charge or a lesser sentence.or a lesser sentence.
Plea bargains are subject to approval Plea bargains are subject to approval by the judge.by the judge.
The Superior Court TrialThe Superior Court TrialThe Superior Court TrialThe Superior Court Trial
A Superior Court judge presides over a A Superior Court judge presides over a jury of 12 (plus an alternate) who hears jury of 12 (plus an alternate) who hears the evidence and decides whether the the evidence and decides whether the defendant is guilty or not guilty.defendant is guilty or not guilty.
The jury’s verdict must be unanimous The jury’s verdict must be unanimous in North Carolina.in North Carolina.
The defendant cannot be forced to The defendant cannot be forced to testify if he does not want to.testify if he does not want to.
A Superior Court judge presides over a A Superior Court judge presides over a jury of 12 (plus an alternate) who hears jury of 12 (plus an alternate) who hears the evidence and decides whether the the evidence and decides whether the defendant is guilty or not guilty.defendant is guilty or not guilty.
The jury’s verdict must be unanimous The jury’s verdict must be unanimous in North Carolina.in North Carolina.
The defendant cannot be forced to The defendant cannot be forced to testify if he does not want to.testify if he does not want to.
The VerdictThe VerdictThe VerdictThe Verdict
If the verdict is not guilty, the case is over If the verdict is not guilty, the case is over and can never be retried.and can never be retried.
If the verdict is guilty, the judge holds a If the verdict is guilty, the judge holds a sentencing hearing to determine sentencing hearing to determine punishment (prison sentence, probation, or punishment (prison sentence, probation, or combination of both, etc.).combination of both, etc.).
In capital cases, the jury decides the In capital cases, the jury decides the punishment - life in prison without parole or punishment - life in prison without parole or the death penalty.the death penalty.
If the verdict is not guilty, the case is over If the verdict is not guilty, the case is over and can never be retried.and can never be retried.
If the verdict is guilty, the judge holds a If the verdict is guilty, the judge holds a sentencing hearing to determine sentencing hearing to determine punishment (prison sentence, probation, or punishment (prison sentence, probation, or combination of both, etc.).combination of both, etc.).
In capital cases, the jury decides the In capital cases, the jury decides the punishment - life in prison without parole or punishment - life in prison without parole or the death penalty.the death penalty.
The Appeals ProcessThe Appeals ProcessThe Appeals ProcessThe Appeals Process
If the defendant is found guilty, he may If the defendant is found guilty, he may appeal the sentence in Appeals Court. appeal the sentence in Appeals Court.
Appeals must be related to matters of Appeals must be related to matters of law, not matters of fact. The appellate law, not matters of fact. The appellate court does not retry the facts found by court does not retry the facts found by the jury.the jury.
If the defendant is found guilty, he may If the defendant is found guilty, he may appeal the sentence in Appeals Court. appeal the sentence in Appeals Court.
Appeals must be related to matters of Appeals must be related to matters of law, not matters of fact. The appellate law, not matters of fact. The appellate court does not retry the facts found by court does not retry the facts found by the jury.the jury.
SentencingSentencingSentencingSentencing
Structured Sentencing ActStructured Sentencing Act
Passed in 1994Passed in 1994
Limits judicial discretion in type and Limits judicial discretion in type and length of sentenceslength of sentences
Structured Sentencing ActStructured Sentencing Act
Passed in 1994Passed in 1994
Limits judicial discretion in type and Limits judicial discretion in type and length of sentenceslength of sentences
Division of Community Division of Community CorrectionsCorrections
Division of Community Division of Community CorrectionsCorrections
118,000 probationers and parolees 118,000 probationers and parolees
supervised at any timesupervised at any time 43 district offices cover all 100 counties43 district offices cover all 100 counties Probation population:Probation population:
77% male 77% male 23% female23% female 47% African American 47% African American 45% Caucasian45% Caucasian 9% other9% other
118,000 probationers and parolees 118,000 probationers and parolees
supervised at any timesupervised at any time 43 district offices cover all 100 counties43 district offices cover all 100 counties Probation population:Probation population:
77% male 77% male 23% female23% female 47% African American 47% African American 45% Caucasian45% Caucasian 9% other9% other
Division of Community CorrectionsDivision of Community CorrectionsDivision of Community CorrectionsDivision of Community Corrections
Approximate Cost:Approximate Cost:
Regular probation - $2/dayRegular probation - $2/day
Intensive probation - $11/dayIntensive probation - $11/day
Electronic House Arrest - $6/dayElectronic House Arrest - $6/day
Approximate Cost:Approximate Cost:
Regular probation - $2/dayRegular probation - $2/day
Intensive probation - $11/dayIntensive probation - $11/day
Electronic House Arrest - $6/dayElectronic House Arrest - $6/day
Criminal Justice Partnership Criminal Justice Partnership Programs (CJPP)Programs (CJPP)
Criminal Justice Partnership Criminal Justice Partnership Programs (CJPP)Programs (CJPP)
Average cost - $12/dayAverage cost - $12/day
Programs include: Day Reporting Programs include: Day Reporting Centers, Resource Centers, and Centers, Resource Centers, and Substance Abuse Treatment CentersSubstance Abuse Treatment Centers
60,000 offenders provide 1.8 Million hrs. 60,000 offenders provide 1.8 Million hrs. community service each yearcommunity service each year
Average cost - $12/dayAverage cost - $12/day
Programs include: Day Reporting Programs include: Day Reporting Centers, Resource Centers, and Centers, Resource Centers, and Substance Abuse Treatment CentersSubstance Abuse Treatment Centers
60,000 offenders provide 1.8 Million hrs. 60,000 offenders provide 1.8 Million hrs. community service each yearcommunity service each year
DOP – Intake ProcessDOP – Intake ProcessDOP – Intake ProcessDOP – Intake Process
Testing and diagnostic needs Testing and diagnostic needs assessmentassessment
Level of care determinationLevel of care determination
Unit assignment based on level of care, Unit assignment based on level of care, native language, medical needs and native language, medical needs and handicaps.handicaps.
Testing and diagnostic needs Testing and diagnostic needs assessmentassessment
Level of care determinationLevel of care determination
Unit assignment based on level of care, Unit assignment based on level of care, native language, medical needs and native language, medical needs and handicaps.handicaps.
Levels of CareLevels of CareLevels of CareLevels of Care
Inpatient – Acute Care HospitalizationInpatient – Acute Care Hospitalization
Residential CareResidential Care
Outpatient Mental Health ServicesOutpatient Mental Health Services
Other Specialized ServicesOther Specialized Services
Inpatient – Acute Care HospitalizationInpatient – Acute Care Hospitalization
Residential CareResidential Care
Outpatient Mental Health ServicesOutpatient Mental Health Services
Other Specialized ServicesOther Specialized Services
DOC PolicyDOC PolicyDOC PolicyDOC Policy
Inmates receiving mental health or Inmates receiving mental health or developmental disabilities services or developmental disabilities services or identified as medically needy must identified as medically needy must have a comprehensive aftercare plan have a comprehensive aftercare plan in place 30 days before the in place 30 days before the anticipated release date.anticipated release date.
Inmates receiving mental health or Inmates receiving mental health or developmental disabilities services or developmental disabilities services or identified as medically needy must identified as medically needy must have a comprehensive aftercare plan have a comprehensive aftercare plan in place 30 days before the in place 30 days before the anticipated release date.anticipated release date.
The Pender ProgramThe Pender ProgramThe Pender ProgramThe Pender Program
Inmates identified with developmental Inmates identified with developmental disability will serve up to one year at the disability will serve up to one year at the Pender Unit in a special vocational Pender Unit in a special vocational program for inmates with DD.program for inmates with DD.
They will be taught several trades and They will be taught several trades and will have life skills training.will have life skills training.
The Program won a National award for The Program won a National award for the most innovative program among all the most innovative program among all prison programs, not just programs for prison programs, not just programs for people with DD. people with DD.
Inmates identified with developmental Inmates identified with developmental disability will serve up to one year at the disability will serve up to one year at the Pender Unit in a special vocational Pender Unit in a special vocational program for inmates with DD.program for inmates with DD.
They will be taught several trades and They will be taught several trades and will have life skills training.will have life skills training.
The Program won a National award for The Program won a National award for the most innovative program among all the most innovative program among all prison programs, not just programs for prison programs, not just programs for people with DD. people with DD.
Reentry and TransitionReentry and TransitionReentry and TransitionReentry and Transition
DOC Transition/Reentry Committee DOC Transition/Reentry Committee determines policies/practicesdetermines policies/practices
Corrections Enterprises administers Corrections Enterprises administers Apprenticeship programs in prisonsApprenticeship programs in prisons
DOC Transition/Reentry Committee DOC Transition/Reentry Committee determines policies/practicesdetermines policies/practices
Corrections Enterprises administers Corrections Enterprises administers Apprenticeship programs in prisonsApprenticeship programs in prisons
Transition ProgramsTransition ProgramsTransition ProgramsTransition Programs
Job Start II grant in prisons Job Start II grant in prisons
Going Home Initiative in communitiesGoing Home Initiative in communities
Transition Aftercare Network (TAN)Transition Aftercare Network (TAN)
Job Start II grant in prisons Job Start II grant in prisons
Going Home Initiative in communitiesGoing Home Initiative in communities
Transition Aftercare Network (TAN)Transition Aftercare Network (TAN)
AcknowledgementsAcknowledgementsAcknowledgementsAcknowledgements This presentation was developed especially for North Carolina by This presentation was developed especially for North Carolina by
Partners in Justice, a statewide collaborative effort designed to assist Partners in Justice, a statewide collaborative effort designed to assist individuals with cognitive disabilities who are at risk of becoming individuals with cognitive disabilities who are at risk of becoming involved in the criminal justice system. The North Carolina Council on involved in the criminal justice system. The North Carolina Council on Developmental Disabilities provided grant funding to The Arc of North Developmental Disabilities provided grant funding to The Arc of North Carolina to support the project. Many different, excellent training Carolina to support the project. Many different, excellent training materials were researched and adapted with special consideration for materials were researched and adapted with special consideration for the specific needs of the citizens of North Carolina. the specific needs of the citizens of North Carolina.
Special thanks goes to the members of the PIJ Advisory Committee; Special thanks goes to the members of the PIJ Advisory Committee; George R. “Pete” Clary III, Public Defender, Judicial District 21; Ms. Jeri George R. “Pete” Clary III, Public Defender, Judicial District 21; Ms. Jeri Houchins, Project Coordinator, Justice Now! Houchins, Project Coordinator, Justice Now! Of the People, By the Of the People, By the People, and For the PeoplePeople, and For the People; and, Ms. Diane Nelson Bryen and Ms. ; and, Ms. Diane Nelson Bryen and Ms. Beverly Frantz, National Academy for Equal Justice, for People with Beverly Frantz, National Academy for Equal Justice, for People with Developmental Disabilities, Institute on Disabilities at Temple University. Developmental Disabilities, Institute on Disabilities at Temple University.
Partners in Justice dedicates this presentation to the memory Partners in Justice dedicates this presentation to the memory of Deborah Greenblatt, Esq., a tireless advocate for people of Deborah Greenblatt, Esq., a tireless advocate for people with disabilities and charter member of the Partners in with disabilities and charter member of the Partners in Justice Advisory Committee.Justice Advisory Committee.
This presentation was developed especially for North Carolina by This presentation was developed especially for North Carolina by Partners in Justice, a statewide collaborative effort designed to assist Partners in Justice, a statewide collaborative effort designed to assist individuals with cognitive disabilities who are at risk of becoming individuals with cognitive disabilities who are at risk of becoming involved in the criminal justice system. The North Carolina Council on involved in the criminal justice system. The North Carolina Council on Developmental Disabilities provided grant funding to The Arc of North Developmental Disabilities provided grant funding to The Arc of North Carolina to support the project. Many different, excellent training Carolina to support the project. Many different, excellent training materials were researched and adapted with special consideration for materials were researched and adapted with special consideration for the specific needs of the citizens of North Carolina. the specific needs of the citizens of North Carolina.
Special thanks goes to the members of the PIJ Advisory Committee; Special thanks goes to the members of the PIJ Advisory Committee; George R. “Pete” Clary III, Public Defender, Judicial District 21; Ms. Jeri George R. “Pete” Clary III, Public Defender, Judicial District 21; Ms. Jeri Houchins, Project Coordinator, Justice Now! Houchins, Project Coordinator, Justice Now! Of the People, By the Of the People, By the People, and For the PeoplePeople, and For the People; and, Ms. Diane Nelson Bryen and Ms. ; and, Ms. Diane Nelson Bryen and Ms. Beverly Frantz, National Academy for Equal Justice, for People with Beverly Frantz, National Academy for Equal Justice, for People with Developmental Disabilities, Institute on Disabilities at Temple University. Developmental Disabilities, Institute on Disabilities at Temple University.
Partners in Justice dedicates this presentation to the memory Partners in Justice dedicates this presentation to the memory of Deborah Greenblatt, Esq., a tireless advocate for people of Deborah Greenblatt, Esq., a tireless advocate for people with disabilities and charter member of the Partners in with disabilities and charter member of the Partners in Justice Advisory Committee.Justice Advisory Committee.
Partners in JusticePartners in JusticeA Project of The Arc of North CarolinaA Project of The Arc of North Carolina4200 Six Forks Road, Suite 1004200 Six Forks Road, Suite 100Raleigh, NC 27609Raleigh, NC 27609919-782-4632919-782-4632
Project Staff: Project Staff: Marian HartmanMarian Hartman Ann ElmoreAnn Elmore
Partners in JusticePartners in JusticeA Project of The Arc of North CarolinaA Project of The Arc of North Carolina4200 Six Forks Road, Suite 1004200 Six Forks Road, Suite 100Raleigh, NC 27609Raleigh, NC 27609919-782-4632919-782-4632
Project Staff: Project Staff: Marian HartmanMarian Hartman Ann ElmoreAnn Elmore
This project is supported by The Arc of North Carolina and the This project is supported by The Arc of North Carolina and the
NC Council on Developmental Disabilities and the funds it receives through P.L. 106-402, NC Council on Developmental Disabilities and the funds it receives through P.L. 106-402, the Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act of 2000.the Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act of 2000.
Partners In JusticePartners In JusticePartners In JusticePartners In Justice