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LNG FSRU Technology
LNG FS(R)U Arrangements Around The World
Alexander Harsema-Mensonides
LNG Malaysia Forum 2013 Kuala Lumpur, March 21st, 2013
Marine Service GmbH
Marine Service GmbH at a glance:
Hamburg-based marine consultancy firm, founded in
1958, involved in LPG & LNG since the mid 1960’s
Core business is commercial and technical
consultancy services for:
LNG & LPG/ethylene/NH3 shipbuilding / shipping
LNG terminals / LNG FSRUs / LNG FPSOs
Small scale LNG / LNG as marine fuel projects
Offshore wind farm AC/DC converter platforms
30 office staff in Hamburg, 12 – 25 project managers,
supervisors & engineers in site offices worldwide
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ISO 9001:2010 certified
LNG Malaysia Forum 2013
Regas &
Send-out
LNG FSRU
LNG Floating Storage & Regasification Unit has
the following basic functions:
Receipt of LNG brought in by another LNG carrier
Storage of LNG
Pressurization & regasification of LNG into gas
Metering and send-out of gas into on-shore gas
pipeline grid
3
Shore
LNG
FSRU LNG
carrier
Gas Consumers
20 March 2013 LNG Malaysia Forum 2013
LNG FSRU Advantages
Advantages of converting an LNGC into LNG
FSRU over a onshore LNG terminal:
Quicker to implement
Cheaper to build
Fewer onshore planning procedure issues
More flexible location-wise than onshore terminal:
If local gas demand falls or has strong seasonal
fluctuation the FSRU can be re-located to a more
profitable project
If the onshore LNG import terminal is completed the
FSRU is available for the next project elsewhere
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LNG FS(R)Us Worldwide
LNG importer
LNG exporter
New LNG exports under construction/development
Substantial gas reserves for LNG export developments
FSRU in planning FSRU under construction
FSU in operation FSRU in operation
Neptune Northeast Gateway
Aquirre Gasport Jamaica
Pecem
All Saints Bay
Guanabara Bay
Montevideo
Bahía Blanca
FSU under construction FSU in planning
Escobar
Gulf Gateway Israel
Jebel Ali
Mina Al-Ahmadi
Mejillones
GasAtacama Quintero
Colbun
Exmar FLRSU
Gangavaram Lekas
Talcahuano
Klaipeda Port Meridian
Port Dolphin
STL buoy in operation STL buoy under construction STL buoy in planning STL buoy decommissioned
Mosselbaai
Kakinada
Yantai
Krk
Cali
Cartagena
Aracruz
Bataan
LNG FSRUs Worldwide
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In operation:
Pecem, Brazil, “Golar Spirit” (1981/2008)
Guanabara Bay, Brazil, “Golar Winter” (2004/2009)
DUSUP, Dubai, “Golar Freeze” (1977/2010)
West Java, Indonesia, Golar “Nusantara Regas Satu”
(ex-”Khannur” 1977/2012) LNG FSRU
“Golar Freeze”
(1977/2011) Source: Viktor
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Lekas LNG FSRU’s
Lekas LNG, Malaysia
Front: LNG FSU “Tenaga Satu” (1982/2012)
Back: LNG FSU “Tenaga Empat” (1981/2012) Source: PETRONAS Gas
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LNG Regas System Onboard
-155 °C
5 bar
-150 °C
60 – 70 bar
-30 °C
60 – 70 bar
+15 °C
60 – 70 bar
6 x 125 MMscfd (25%)
LNG booster pumps
3 x 250 MMscfd (50%)
LNG vaporizer modules
3 x 250 MMscfd (50%)
gas heating modules
-155 °C
5 bar
-150 °C
60 – 70 bar
-30 °C
60 – 70 bar
+15 °C
60 – 70 bar
LNG Gas
-155 °C
5 bar
-150 °C
60 – 70 bar
-30 °C
60 – 70 bar
+15 °C
60 – 70 bar
Source: Cryostar
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Tower Yoke Moored FSRU Leif Höegh Lampung LNG FSRU
Source: MODEC
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Subsea gas pipeline
ashore
Gulf Gateway – Excelerate (decommisioned 2012)
Offshore Louisiana, USA
5 BCMA, open / closed loop regas, 2005
Northeast Gateway - Excelerate
Massachusetts Bay, USA
5 BCMA, open / closed loop regas, 2009
Neptune LNG – Leif Höegh & MOL
Massachusetts Bay, USA
4 BCMA, 2010
Regas &
Send-out
Regas &
Send-out
LNG
SRV
LNG
SRV
STL Buoy Moored LNG SRV
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LNG SRV “GdF Suez Neptune“ (2009) Source: Ken Smith
Mooring Arrangements (2)
Submerged Turret Buoy (STL):
LNG FSRU located offshore
Exposed to wind, waves,
currents and tide
Requires sufficient water depth
Requires special hull adeptions
Requires underwater gas
pipeline
Construction at least 2 years
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LNG RV and STL buoy Source: Excelerate
LNG RV and STL buoy Source: Excelerate
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Island Jetty Moored FSRU
Subsea gas
pipeline ashore
Petrobras VT-2
LNG FSRU “Golar Winter”
Guanabara Bay, Brazil
5.1 BCMA, open & closed loop regas
2008
Regas &
Send-out
LNG
carrier
LNG
FSRU
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LNG FSRU “Golar Winter” (l) and LNGC “Golar Maria” (r)
in Guanabara Bay
Source: Rogério Cordeiro
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Guanabara Bay
LNG FSRU “Golar Spirit” (bottom) and LNGRV “Excellence” (top) in Guanabara Bay Source: Petrobras
Mooring Arrangements (5)
Island-type jetty mooring:
Relatively simple construction
More difficult access to the vessels
Requires sub-sea gas pipeline to
shore
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Regas &
Send-o
ut
LNG
FSRU
LNG
carrier
LNG FSRU “Golar Spirit” (left) and LNGRV “Excellence” (right) in Guanabara Bay Source: Rogério Cordeiro
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Subsea gas
pipeline ashore
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Island Jetty Moored FSRU
Regas &
Send-out
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DUSUP – LNG FSRU “Golar Freeze”
Jebel Ali Port, Dubai
4.9 BCMA, open loop regas, 2010
Breakwater
LNG
carrier
LNG
FSRU
LNG FSRU “Golar Freeze” in Dubai Source: DUSUP
Subsea gas pipeline ashore
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DUSAP
Jebel Ali Port, Dubai
2010
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Regas &
Send-out
Teesside GasPort
Teesside, UK
2007
Bahía Blanca GasPort
Bahía Blanca, Argentina
2008
LNG
FSRU
LNG
carrier
Jetty Moored FSRU
Bahía Blanca GasPort Source: Excelerate
Consumers • Power gen
• Industrial
• Residential
Sh
ore
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Escobar GasPort
Escobar, Argentina
2011
Mooring Arrangements (3)
Jetty-moored, side by side:
Simple construction
Proven technology
Easy vessel access
Re-useable in next project phase
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Gas
LNG
FSRU
LNG
carrier
Regas &
Send-o
ut
Shore
LNG
FSRU
LNG
carrier
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Bahía Blanca GasPort Source: Excelerate
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Regas &
Send-out
LNG carrier LNG
FSRU
Jetty Moored FSRU
Mina Al Ahmadi GasPort
Al Fahaiheel, Kuwait
2009
LNG carrier LNG FSRU
Consumers • Power gen
• Industrial
• Residential
Shore 20 March 2013 LNG Malaysia Forum 2013
Source: Excelerate
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Mina Al Ahmadi Gasport
Source: Google Earth
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Jetty Moored FSRU
Shore
LNG FSRU “Golar Spirit”
Pecem, Brazil
2.5 BCMA, Closed loop regas
2008
LNG
carrier
Regas &
Send-out
LNG
FSRU
LNG
FSRU
LNG
carrier
Consumers • Power gen
• Industrial
• Residential
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LNG FSRU “Golar Spirit” Source: Petrobras
Mooring Arrangements (4)
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Gas
LNG
FSRU
Regas &
Send-o
ut
Shore
Jetty-moored, over the pier:
Safest mooring solution available
Simple construction, proven technology
Easy vessel access
Re-useable in next project phase
LNG
FSRU
LNG
carrier
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LNG FSRU “Golar Spirit” (1981/2008) at Pecem Source: Google Earth
LNG Ship-to-Ship Transfer
Ship-to-ship (STS) transfer:
Side-by-side:
LNG delivery reliability very much
dependent on weather and sea state
(=< 1.5m Hs)
Little relative motion allowed between
the two vessels in order to avoid hull
and superstructure damage
Tandem mooring:
Requires special offloading equipment
onboard the LNGC
Wider weather window (=< 3.0m Hs)
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LNG STS transfer Source: Exmar
Tandem Mooring SYMO system Source: SBM Offshore
LNG FSU
LNG Floating Storage Unit (FSU):
Simple construction for quick
implementation
Shore based, jetty-mounted of
barge-mounted LNG regas and
power generation equipment
Regas module can be re-used for
shore based LNG terminal
LNG FSU can be quickly replaced
with another LNGC whenever
required
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LNG
FSRU
LNG
FSU
LNG
carrier
Regas &
Send-out
Consumers
Sh
ore
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LNG FSU Shopping List
LNG carrier
Age of the vessel not critically important
Condition of the cargo containment system vital
LNG booster pump module
LNG vaporizers:
Submerged combustion
Open rack vaporizers (ORV)
Air vaporizers
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Jetty Moored FSU
Shore
LNG Mejillones - Phase I
LNG FSU “BW GdF Suez Brussels” (2009)
Antofagasta, Chile
2010
Consumers • Power gen
• Industrial
• Residential
Regas &
Send-out
LNG
FSU
LNG
carrier
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LNGC “BW Suez Boston” (left) and
LNG FSU “BW GdF Suez Brussels” at
GNL Mejllones Source: GNL Mejillones
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Q-flex LNGC
LNG FSU
Island Jetty Moored FSU
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LNG FSU
Lekas LNG
LNG FSU “Tenaga Satu” (1982)
LNG FSU “Tenaga Empat” (1981)
Sungai Udang, Melaka, Malaysia
2012
Regas &
Send-out
Subsea
gas
pipeline
ashore
Lekas LNG, Malaysia Source: PETRONAS Gas
Site Selection
Site conditions have strong impact on LNG
delivery and gas send-out reliability
Site selection is also a key cost driver:
Offshore v/s inshore
Waves, wind, tides, currents, climate, storm risk
Water depth, navigational hazards, accessibility
Connection to onshore gas grid
Environmental regulations:
Is it allowed to use seawater as heat source? Max ΔT?
NOx and SOx emission limits within territorial waters?
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LNG in Malaysia
LNG FRUs are in use (Lekas LNG)
LNG FPSO is on order
Long Malaysian coastline is very suitable for small
scale LNG distribution arrangements
Relatively benign weather with high ambient
temperatures year round, suitable for open rack
vaporization and use of LNG cold for refrigeration
Imported LNG price v/s domestic gas price
LNG distribution by truck / container
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Concluding Remarks
LNG FSRUs are an accepted solution for
temporary and long-term LNG imports
LNG FSRU technology available and mature
LNG FSRU solutions are lower on CAPEX and
quicker to deploy than land based LNG terminals
Offshore LNG FSRU projects have lower LNG
delivery and gas send-out reliability due to weather
and see state than land-based LNG terminal
LNG FSRU prices driven up by scarcity of suitable
older tonnage
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Alexander
Harsema-Mensonides Senior Engineer
ahm@ms-de.eu
+49 174 195 6621
Thank you very much
for your kind attention
For more information, please contact
Marine Service GmbH Mattentwiete 1, D-22587 Hamburg, Germany
+49 40 36 90 3-0
ms@ms-de.eu
www.ms-de.eu