Post on 30-Jun-2015
transcript
THE NATURE OF PEACE
Peace is generally defined as a state of quiet or tranquility, as an absence of disturbance or agitation.
Peace at the minimum refers to absence of violence or war.
• Peace can be voluntary, where potential agitators choose to abstain from disturbance.
• Peace can also be enforced, by suppressing those who might otherwise cause such disturbance.
• Peace definitions or concepts are the basis on which we decide how to make peace.
• For example, if I define peace as not war, then I would attempt to make peace by attempting to eliminate war or at least mitigate its severity.
• On the other hand, if I defined peace as inner harmony, I would meditate as much as possible in order to make peace.
• The point is that concepts or definitions of peace are the basis for peacemaking. What one does to achieve peace depends on how one images, defines, or conceptualizes peace.
P E A C EJUSTICE SOCIAL EQUITY TOLERANCE ACCOUNTABLE
GOVERNANCEKAAYUSAN
HUMAN RIGHTS GENDER EQUALITY POLITICAL RECONCILIATION
SOLIDARITY PARTICIPATION
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
INNER PEACEWELL BEING
PEACE PAGTUTULUNGAN COMPASSION
HUMAN SECURITY
PAGMAMALASAKIT PAGKAKAUNAWAAN
PANANAGUTAN SA KAPWA
NON VIOLENCE
DEMOCRACY RESPECT FOR LIFE KALAYAAN KAGINHAWAHAN INCLUSION
As defined by the United Nations, the Culture of Peace is a set of values, attitudes, modes of behavior and ways of life that reject violence and prevent conflicts by tackling their root causes to solve problems through dialogue and negotiation among individuals, groups and nations
Since wars begin in the minds of men (and women), it is in the minds of men (and women) that defenses of peace must be constructed "
Constitution of UNESCO, 1945
THE NATURE OF CONFLICT
What is Conflict?
Conflict occurs in situations in which (1) there is an expressed struggle (2) the people are interdependent, (3) they seek different goals or they favor different means to the same ends; and/or (4) the people perceive the other is interfering with their pursuit of scarce rewards or resources.” Difference exists in the desires, thoughts, attitudes, feelings, or behaviors…”
Five Elements of Conflict
Expressed struggle
Interdependence
Perceived Incompatible Goals
Perceived Scarce Resources
Interference
GLOBAL/PLANETARYGLOBAL/PLANETARY
INTERNATIONALINTERNATIONAL
NATIONAL NATIONAL
REGIONALREGIONAL
FAMILY FAMILY COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY
WORK PLACEWORK PLACESCHOOLSCHOOL
INTRA INTRA PERSONALPERSONAL
LEVELS AND DIMENSIONS OF CONFLICTSLEVELS AND DIMENSIONS OF CONFLICTS
Characteristics of Conflict1. Conflict is natural. It is inevitable.
Avoid turning conflict into destructive conflict.
2. Great changes are caused by conflict. Without conflict, personal growth and social change would not occur.
3. Conflict can be seen as a gift of energy that moves people to act.
4. Conflict is not the problem, it's what you do with it that makes a difference.
5. Conflict is not for winning. The goal of conflict is not to subdue the other. It is for learning, growing, and cooperating.
6. When conflict is understood, it becomes an opportunity to learn and create.
7. When conflict is perceived as a positive life force, those in conflict learn to control their own lives in ways that also respect others.
Conflicts can be classified as constructive or
destructive based on the process used in managing them and the outcomes of the conflict.
With regard to process…
The management of conflict is constructive if it is defined as:• “our” problem.• a win-win situation in which both parties gain.
With regard to process…
The management of conflict is destructive if it is defined as:
• “your” problem.• a win-lose situation in which one person gains and the other loses.
With regard to outcomes…Conflicts are constructive when participants:
• feel understood and accepted.• are committed to and satisfied with the solution.
With regard to outcomes…
Conflicts are destructive when participants:
• feel misunderstood and rejected.• are not committed to nor satisfied with the solution.
Summary
Constructive Destructive
“our” problem “your” problem
win-win win-lose
feel understood and accepted
feel misunderstood and rejected
are committed to and satisfied with the solution
are not committed to nor satisfied with the solution
DESTRUCTIVE CONFLICT
diverts energy from real task
destroys morale
polarizes individuals and groups
deepens differences
obstructs cooperative action
produces irresponsible behavior and creates suspicion and distrust
CONSTRUCTIVE CONFLICT
opens up an issue in a confronting manner and
develops clarification of an issue
improves problem-solving quality
increases involvement
provides more spontaneity in
communication
initiates growth
strengthens a relationship when
creatively resolved
What are the causes of CONFLICT?
1. Communication failure 2. Personality conflict3. Value differences4. Goal differences5. Methodological differences6. Substandard performance7. Lack of cooperation8. Differences regarding authority9. Differences regarding
responsibility10.Competition over resources11.Non-compliance with rules
Major Causes of Armed Conflicts in the Philippines based on the NUC Consultations (1992-1993)
• Massive poverty and economic inequity
• Political inequity
• Injustice, abuse of power
• Poor governance
• Exploitation and marginalization of indigenous cultural communities
1. Pursuit of social, economic, and political reforms aimed at addressing the root causes of armed struggle and social unrest.
2. Consensus building and empowerment for peace through continuous consultation at the national and local levels.
3. Peace negotiations with armed groups.
4. Implementing measures for reconciliation, reintegration of former combatants and rehabilitation of those affected by the conflict.
5. Management and protection of civilians.
6. Build, nurture and enhance a positive climate for peace.
THE SIX PATHS TO PEACE
SEVEN BLUNDERS OF THE WORLD
Wealth without Work
Pleasure without Conscience
Knowledge without Character
Commerce without Morality
Science without Humanity
Worship without Sacrifice
Politics without Principle
MAHATMA GANDHI