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Agriculture andAgri-Food Canada
Agriculture etAgroalimentaire Canada
Canada
Agriculture andAgri-Food Canada
Agriculture etAgroalimentaire Canada
Canada
Performance of a Hydrolab, YSI and Horiba Multiprobes:
A Preliminary AssessmentT.L. Chow, G. Benoy and H.W. Rees
Potato Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada,Fredericton, New Brunswick
Real-Time Water Quality Monitoring Workshop 2007St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador
June 4-5, 2007
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Water Quality Problems related to Agricultural ActivitiesPresent Monitoring ProceduresFeasibility of Replacing the Auto-sampling/Lab analyses with MultiprobesPreliminary Results and Conclusions
Outline
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20,000 ha of potato grown annually in New Brunswick
30-40 % of total provincial farm cash receipts
Value added products
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Shallow SoilsSloping Topography
Major Rain Storms Intensive Management
SOIL EROSION
Pollution
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Surface Water Contamination
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• Rainfall simulator plots (1m x 1m);• Permanent runoff-erosion plots (10m x
30m);• Paired drainage basins (2-5 ha);• Other field scale experiments (Buffer strip,
Nutriment management, etc.)
• Experimental watersheds (15 and 340 km2)
20+ Years of Soil Erosion Research inPotato Production in New Brunswick
Off-farm
On-farm
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• Impacts of intensive potato production on:– Runoff and soil erosion– Soil quality in terms of productivity– Water quality in terms of discharge, sediment and nutrient
loading
• Beneficial Management Practices on:– Runoff and soil losses– Soil quality– Water quality
General Scope of Research:
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Environment CanadaNB Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and AquacultureNB Department of Environment and Local Government Eastern Canada Soil and Water Conservation CentreUniversity of New Brunswick (biology, engineering, forestry)Various farm agencies and associations
Potatoes New BrunswickNB Soil and Crop Improvement Association
Individual farmer/producers
Collaborators
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Experimental watersheds
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Little River Watershed (est. 2000):Size : 340 km2
Land use:Agriculture – 15%Forestry – 85%
Black Brook Watershed (est. 1992):Size : 15 km2
Land use:Agriculture – 64%Forestry – 36%
Monitoring station
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Experimental watersheds – Black Brook
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Size = 1450 ha(7.5 km long x 3.5 km wide)
Slope: Detailed soilUpper -- 1- 6% survey dataCentral – 4-9% 1:10,000lower – 5-16%
5 AutomatedLand use (survey): weather stationsPotatoes – 38%Grain – 15% Divided intoPasture – 6% 9 sub-basinsForage – 4% for surfacePeas – 1% water monitoringNon-agric. – 36%
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Black Brook Experimental Watershed
Surface water monitoring
sites
Automated stage height recording
and water sampling for flow, pH, conductivity, sediment loading, N, P, K, Ca, Mg
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Black Brook Watershed
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0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Dai
ly D
isc h
arge
(105 m
3 )
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Sedi
men
t Con
cen t
ratio
n (g
/l)
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360Julian Day 2006
SedimentDischarge
Total Discharge = 8.95 million m 3
Total Sediment = 3050 tons
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Black Brook Watershed
0
4
8
12
16
NO
3-N ( m
g/l)
0
4
8
Flow
Vel
(m3 / s
)
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360Julian Date 2006
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Black Brook Watershed
0
4
8
12
16
Sus
pen d
ed S
edim
e nt (
g/l)
0
4
8
Flow
Vel
(m3 /s
)
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360Julian Date 2006
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Black Brook Watershed
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
NO
3-N (m
g/l)
0
4
8
Flow
Ve l
(m3 /s
)
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360Julian Date 2006
Conductivity (mS/cm)XX
XX
XX
X
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Black Brook Watershed
0
10
20
30
Rai
nfal
l
0
20
40
60
80
Sta
g e H
eigh
t (cm
)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
Con
c (u
g/l)
12 16 20 24Time (hr)
weir#1weir#9weir#12
weir#1 weir#9 weir#12
Cumulative Rainfall (mm)30 Min Intensity (mm/hr)
August 07, 2006
Metalaxyl
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Black Brook Watershed
05
10152025
Rai
nfal
l
0
20
40
60
Sta
ge H
eigh
t (cm
)
0.0
40000.0
80000.0
120000.0
160000.0
12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00Time (hr)
Amount30 min intensity
Weir#1Weir#9
Weir#1Weir#9
Total coliform (CFU/100 ml)
August 07, 2006
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To evaluate the performance of a HYDROLAB, YSI and HORIBA multiprobe for real time water quality monitoring; and To study the feasibility of replacing auto-sampling/Lab-analysis with the multiprobes.
Objectives
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Methodology
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Tem X X X pH X X XDO X XCONDUCT X X XTURBIDITY X X XDEPTH X X ORP X X XTDS X X XNITRATE X X X AMMONIA X X XPOTASSIUM XCHLORIDE XCOST 16.1K 12.6K 9.0K
PARAMETER HYDROLAB YSI HORIBA
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Methodology
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Results and Discussion
4
8
12
16
Wat
er T
empe
ratu
r e (o C
)
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
Flow
Vel
(m3 /S
)
250 260 270 280 290Julian Date 2006
Hydrolab YSI Horiba CS1077.6
8.0
8.4
8.8
9.2
9.6
pH
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
Flow
Vel
(m3 /S
)
250 260 270 280 290Julian Date 2006
Hydrolab YSI Horiba Lab
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Results and Discussion
-40-30-20-10
010203040
Sta
ge H
eigh
t (cm
)
048
121620
Dai
ly R
ain f
all (
mm
)
250 260 270 280 290Julian Date 2006
Hydrolab Horiba Lab
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Results and Discussion
200
400
600
800
Con
duct
ivit y
(uS/
cm)
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
Flow
Vel
(m3 /S
)
250 260 270 280 290Julian Date 2006
Hydrolab YSI Horiba Lab
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Results and Discussion
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
TDS
(g/l)
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
Flow
Ve l
(m3 /S
)
250 260 270 280 290Julian Date 2006
Hydrolab YSI Horiba
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Results and Discussion
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
Turb
idit y
(NT U
)
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
Flow
Vel
(m3 /S
)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Sus
pend
ed s
e dim
ent (
g/l)
250 260 270 280 290Julian Date 2006
Hydrolab YSI Horiba Lab
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Results and Discussion
0
10
20
30
40
50
NO
3-N (m
g/l)
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
Flow
Vel
(m3 / S
)
250 260 270 280 290Julian Date 2006
Hydrolab YSI Horiba Lab
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Results and Discussion
0
2
4
6
8
10
NH
4-N (m
g/l)
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
Flow
Vel
(m3 / S
)
250 260 270 280 290Julian Date 2006
Hydrolab YSI Horiba
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Results and Discussion
75 80 85 90 95
100 105
DO
(% s
atur
atio
n)
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
250 260 270 280 290 Julian Date 2006
DO Water Tem (C)
YSI
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Results and Discussion
2 4 6 8
10 12 14 16
250 260 270 280 290 Julian Date 2006
DO (mg/l) Water Tem (C)
Horiba
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Results and Discussion
5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Cl (
mg/
l)
250 260 270 280 290 Julian Date 2006
Hydrolab
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Preliminary Conclusions• Water temperature, pH and specific conductivity compared
favorably between sondes; • Water temperature and conductivity monitored with sondes
followed similar trend of the auto-sampling/lab-analysis results;• Sondes failed to monitor small change in stage heights and may be
attributed to barometric pressure changes;• Turbidity monitored with sondes failed to reflect changes in
suspended sediment concentration;• Hydrolab and YSI seem to track nitrate and ammonia reasonably
well, but with concentration higher than the lab data;• Not recommend to replace the lab method with the sondes until
such time when the results are more realizable.
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Thank You
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Lien Chowchowl@agr.gc.ca