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PERSPECTIVE OF AYUSH ON HEALTHY AGEING
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N.SRIKANTH ASSISTANT DIRECTOR CENTRAL COUNCIL FOR RESEARCH IN AYURVEDA AND SIDDHA Department of AYUSHMinistry of Health & Family Welfare Govt. of India
Geriatrics in Ayurveda
The disease preventive and health promotive approach of ‘Ayurveda’, which takes into consideration the whole body, mind and spirit while dealing with the maintenance of health, promotion of health and treating ailments is holistic.
Ancient Ayurvedic physicians developed certain dietary and therapeutic measures to arrest/delay ageing and rejuvenating whole functional dynamics of the body system.
This revitalization and rejuvenation is known as the ‘Rasayan chikitsa’ (rejuvenation therapy).
Emphasis on prevention• The major preventive approaches for
maintaining and improving the quality of life include individualized specific daily regimen (Dinacharya), seasonal regimen (Ritucharya), behavioral and ethical considerations (Sadvritta).
• Healthy lifestyle is emphasized as the determinant of longevity of life, which by and large depends on the Prakriti (bio-identity i.e. body-mind constitution) of an individual.
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Ageing……………… …….Ageing
A Progressive and generalized impairment of functions
Resulting ……………* loss of adoptive response to stress
* increase in the risk of age-related diseases.
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Ayurvedic Perspective
Geriasis ‘Jaraa Vyaadhi’ is a natural phenomenon Classified as Swabhava pravritta Vyadhi
Although classified as disease; old age just like hunger, thirst, sleep and death; is a natural disposition, a natural phenomenon. Predetermined life span (Niyat Aayush) can Universal, meaning observation of aging phenomena in all species.
Astanga Ayurveda : Eight Clinical Specialties of Ayurveda
1. Kayachikitsa Internal Medicine
2. Salya Tantra Surgery
3. Salakya Tantra Ophthalmology and ENT
4. Kaumarbhritya Pediatrics, Obstetrics, Gynecology
5. Agad Tantra Toxicology
6. Rasayan Tantra Geriatrics
7. Vajikarana Reproductive Health
8. Bhuta Vidya Psychiatry
JARA CHIKITSA ( AYURVEDIC GERIATRICS)
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………………Jara Chikitsa or Rasayana is one among the eight branches of Ayurveda that deals with management of age related problems.
Preservation and Promotion of health
Prevention and Treatment of diseases
Preservation of youth
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Changing Priority of Rasayana Tantra down the ages in Ayurvedic Classics
Caraka (700 BC) Chikitsa Sthan Chapter - 1/1-4
Susruta (600 BC) Chikitsa Sthan Chapter - 27-29
Vagbhatta (300 AD) Uttar Tantra Chapter - 39
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SEQUENTIAL LOSS OF SOME BIOLOGICAL VALUES IN AGING
Decades Years Losses (Vagbhatt) Losses (Sarangdhara)
First 0-10 Balya (Boyishness) Balya (Boyishness)
Second 11-20 Vrddhi (Growth) Vriddhi (Growth)
Third 21-30 Prabha (Lusture) Chhabi (Beauty)
Fourth 31-40 Medha (Intellect) Medha (Intellect)
Fifth 41-50 Twaca (Skin) Twaca (Skin)
Sixth 51-60 Sukra (Sexual Ability) Drsti (Vision)
Seven 61-70 Drsti (Vision) Sukra (Sexual Ability)
Eighth 71-80 Srotendriya (Audition) Vikram (Strength)
Ninth 81-90 Mana (Psyche) Buddhi (Wisdom)
Tenth 91-100 Sparsendriya (Psychomotor
function)
Karmendriya (Locomotor Activity)
SCOPE
Longevity Heightened memory and intelligence Freedom from disease Youth Excellence of luster Excellence of Complexion and voice Optimum strength of body and senses. Utterance that always gets Fulfilled/Confidence The reverence of people Body-glow
all these can be obtained by the use of Rasayanas
SCOPE
A. As Per Scope of Use
1. Kamya Rasayana (Health Promoting)
a. Prana Kamya for Vitality and Longevityb. Medha Kamya for Mental Competencec. Sri Kamya for Lusture and Complexion
2. Naimittika Rasayana (Disease specific)
B. As Per Method of Use
1. Vatatapika (Outdoor Regimen)2. Kutipravesika (Intensive Indoor Regimen)
C. As Per Contents
1. Ausadhi Rasayana (Drug Rasayana)2. Ajasrika Rasayana (Dietary Rasayana)3. Acara Rasayana (Lifestyle Rasayana)
The Rasayana Effect Rasayana
Rasa (Nutrient Value of plasma)
Agni
(DIGESTION Metabolism)
Srotas
(Microcirculation and Bio availability)
Improved Nourishment
Improved quality of Tissues
Longevity(Jaranasa)
Immunity(Vyadhi Nasa)
Mental Competence (Medha Vriddhi)
Rejuvenation
Approach of Rasayana Therapy
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The particular Rasayana has to be selected for each individual appropriately in consideration of
Vayas (age) Prakriti (constitution) Satmya (suitability) State of agni (digestion & metabolism) Dhatus (tissues) Srotas (body channels) Environmental factors like Desa
(Habitat), Kala (Season) Etc.
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The following are persons contra indicated for Rasayan Therapy
1. Anatmawan – Mentally week2. Alaso- lethargic 3. Pramadi – Carelessness4. Vyasani – Addict5. Papakarit – Trouble some nature/sinfulness7. Bheshajapamani – Dishonour for medicine/no faith in medicine
S.UT.27/1
Persons contra indicated for rasayan therapy
THE HOLISTIC RASAYANA EFFECT
Nutraceutical Vs Pharmaceutical
Nutrition Dynamics VersusPharmacodynamics
Assimilation Transformation
Reaction Response
Possible Attributes16
PUSTIKARA NUTRITIVE OJOVARDHAKA/ BALAKARA IMMUNO MODULATORY/POTENT MICRO NUTRIENT AYUSHYA /AYUSKARA ANTIOXIDANT /ADAPTOGENIC INDRIYA BALAPRADA SUPPORTS THE SENSORY ANDMOTOR SYSTEMS SMRITIKARA MEMORY BOOSTER VRISYA APHRODISIAC VAYASTHAPANA ANTI AGEING ACTION BRIMHANA POLYTROPIC TISSUE TONIC
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Rasayana drugs possess many effects out of which some are highly specific to the particular drug.
• While selecting the drug for therapeutic purpose the specific effect of the drug is to be taken into consideration to achieve desired effects.
• Some drugs possess more than one significant effects. For instance, Haritaki possess both Vyadhihara (Curative effect) besides its potent Rasayana action.
• Some drugs possess specific Rasayana effects- for instance Amalki possess Rasayana effects like- Anti-aging effect & Vyadhihara effect is not mentioned in particular context.
Specific Action of Rasayana Drugs
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Specific Action of Rasayana Drugs
DESIRED EFFECT
SUITABLE RASAYANA DRUGS
Balya Vaca (Acorus calamus Linn.)Kasmari (Gmelina arborea Linn.)
Growth Asvagandha (Withania somnifera)Bala (Sida cordifolia Linn.)
Beauty Amalaki (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.)
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Intellect Sankhapushpi (Convolvulus pluricaulis)Jyotismati (Celastrus panniculatus willd)
Skin Health Bhringaraja (Eclipta alba Hassk)Somaraji (Centratherum anthelminticum)
Vision Caksusya (Cassia absus Linn.)Saptamrta Lauha (An Ayurvedic Iron compound)
Specific Action of Rasayana Drugs
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DISEASE SUITABLE DRUGS
Eye diseases Jyotismati, Triphala, Satavari, Yastimadhu
Heart diseases Salaparni, Arjuna, Guggulu, Pushkaramula
Skin diseases Tuvaraa, Bhallataka, Vidanga, Somaraji, Gandhaka
Tuberculosis Rasona, Nagabala, Silajatu, Pippali
Anaemias Lauha, Maksika, Mandura
Asthma Agastya rasayana, Bhallataka, Sirisa, Haridra
Specific Action of Rasayana Drugs
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Arthritis Bhallataka, Kupilu, Rasona
Neuropathies Rasona, Guggulu, Bala, Nagabala
Diabetes Silajatu, Amalaki, Haridra, Guduci, Jambu, Methika
Lipid disorders Guggulu, Haritaki, Puskaramula, Vaca
Hypertension Rasona, Bala, Rasna, Sarpagandha, Asvagandha
Psychosis Sankhapuspi, Brahmi, Mandukaparni
Specific Action of Rasayana Drugs
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SOME PROMISING RASAYANA PLANT DRUGS OF AYURVEDA
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DRUG INDICATIONS REFERENCES
Amalaki
Emblica officinalis
Immunomodulatory
Adaptogenic
Antioxidant
Cardioprotective
Neuroprotective\
Anti-cytotoxic
Reference: Arunabh, B.et al.,1999: Antioxidant activity of active tannoids principles of Emblica officinalis(amla).I.J.Expol. Biology,vol.37(7),p.676-680.
Tinospora cordifolia(Guduchi)
Hepatoprotective, Anti-inflammatory Nutrient ,Immunomodulator activity-Immunostimulant activity (Activate Mononuclear cells to release cytokines)
Bhupinder Singh et al – Ind.J.Pharmacol 13(1): 96, 1981. Rege, N. et al, Indian Drugs, 21(12): 544-546, 1984.Chopra R.N. et al, Gloss. Ind. Med. Plants CSIR, N. Delhi, 244, 1956. Thatte U M et al.J.Post.grad.Med.1994; 40:202-3
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DRUG INDICATIONS REFERENCES
Aswagandha (Withania sominifera)
Immunomodulatory
AdaptogenicImmunomodulator ,Enhances life span of patients having lower immunity
Singh N., Curr. Med. Pract. 23(1) 50,1981.Singh N, Int.J.Crude Drugs Res. 29: 29, 1982.,Singh N. et al Int.J. Crude Drugs Res. 24: 90, 1986
Tulasi (Ocium sanctum)
Strong antioxidant activity in vitro and anti-lipid peroxidative effect in vivo which strongly suggest free radical scavenging as a major mechanism by which Ocimum products protect against cellular damage and tumor induction, Anti-stress
Uma Devi P., 2001: Radioprotective, anticarcinogenic and antioxidant properties of the Indian holy basil, Ocimum sanctum (Tulasi). Ind. J. of Experimental Biol. V. 39, p. 185-190.
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DRUG INDICATIONS REFERENCES
Satavari Nutritive tonic and immunomodulator
Indian Med. Plants. TPA Devasagayam & K.B. Saini.-Ind. Jour. of Exp. Biology-Vl-10 (6) P-639-655
Yashtimadhu Immunomodulator, antioxidant, antitussive
Daswani, B.R., et al, 2003: Study of immunomodulatory activity of Yastimadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra). National convention on current Trends in Herbal drugs & Annual Conference of Indian Society of Pharmacology, Herb-The Natura; Alternative , Gandhinagar,Gujarat,India, P.A-15, January 17-18.
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DRUG INDICATIONS REFERENCES
Haridra (Curcuma longa)
anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, stimulant, tonic
Arora, R.B. et al., 1970: Chemical, Pharmacological and Toxicological studies
of Curcuma longa (Turmeric). II Indo Soviet sym. Chem.. Nat. Products
including Pharmacol, p. 133.
Srimal, R.C. et al, 1971 : A preliminary report on anti-inflammatory activity of
Curcumin. Indian J. Pharmac 3, 10.
Lasuna (Allium sativum)
anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, free redicals scavenger, has hypoglycemic and hypocholestermic effect
Bhakuni, D.S. et al., 1969: Screening of Indian Plants for biological activity, part-II. Indian J. Exptl. Biol. 7, 250
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DRUG INDICATIONS REFERENCES
Punarnava (Boerhaavia diffusa)
anti-inflammatory, diuretic
Annual Report, P.R.U., G.M.C, Bombay. Singh, R.H. and Udupa, K.N. 1972 : Sutdies on the Indian indigenous drug Punarnava (Boerhaavia diffusa Linn.) Part-III. Experimental and pharmacological studies. J. Res. Indian Med. 7, 17.
Bhalla, T.N. et al, 1971:
Katuki (Picrorhiza kurroa)
Hepatoprotective, antioxidant, adaptogenic
Pandey, V.N. and Chaturvedi, G.N. 1968: Effect of alcoholic extract of Kutaki (Picrorhiza kurroa) on experimentally nduced abnormalities in the liver. Indian J. Res. Indian Med. 3 (1), 25.
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DRUG INDICATIONS REFERENCES
Shunthi (Zinziber Officinalis)
Aromatic, corninative, digestive, stimulant Hypolipidaemic, hypoglycemic
Journal of Nutrition V/30/(5) P-1124-1131- Fuhrman (2000)-Hypolipidemic and antiatherosclerotic effect of Zingiber in cholesterol fed rabits-(1996) Sharma, Gusain & dixit phytotherapy Res, volume 10/6) PP-517-518
Draksha (Vitis Vinifera)
Nutritious, demulscent, suppurative, antioxidant, hyetoprotective
R.M. Facino (1994)-free radicals scavenging action and antievzyme activities of pro-cynanidines from vitis vinifera A mechaulsm of these capillary protective action-Frankel & Meyer pharm-Biol. Vol 36 (suppl) PP.14-20-Antioxidants in grapes, and grape juices and their potential health effects-1998
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DRUG INDICATIONS REFERENCESBrahmi (Bacoppa Monnieri) Astringent,
Racequillizer, smooth musclerelaxant, antispasmodic, anticancer
RH Singh & L singh-Part I-JRAS Vol 41(1), PP.133-Studies of anti-anxiety effect of Medhya Rasayana Drug Brahmi (1980)
Mandukparni (Centella Asiatica)
Alterative, common nervine tonic, cooling, cardio tonic
DNK Sharma 1996-phytotheraphy Res, Vol 10(2), PP.181-183 –antistress activity of TC and CA Extracts
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CURRENT DAY NEEDS AND SUGGESTED APPROACHES
We are aware of known and new diseases of body and
mind fast spreading and threatening comfort, peace and
welfare of life on earth
Attributable to modern scientific technological
advances disturbing universal laws of nature.
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Physical Factors:
Cold, Heat, Pressure, Radiations, Atmospheric composition, Rhythms
Chemical
Water Pollutants, Metal Pollutants,
Pesticides, Preservatives,
Additives,Nutrition.
Mental Stress
SocialEconomical
Mutations, Enzyme levels, Hormones and other Biological processes
Free Radicals
AGING
CURRENT DAY NEEDS AND SUGGESTED APPROACHES
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•These factors can be successfully tackled with the unique strength of Ayurveda ie.Rasayana.
•Rasayana Tantra provides number of herbs having diversified actions on human body
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CURRENT DAY NEEDS AND SUGGESTED APPROACHES
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· It would be worth to direct our efforts to
those traditional drugs which may be of use
a. in combating the so-called ‘Refractory Diseases for
which modern medicine has not been able to offer
much so far; and
b. as supplementary remedies to well-established
chemotherapy.
CURRENT DAY NEEDS AND SUGGESTED APPROACHES
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Novel approaches for adopting Rasayana therapies
Multiple actions on psycho- somatic set up that includes immuno-modulation (on immune system), antioxidant action( prevents bio-oxidation there by checking age related disorders, auto immune disorders, degenerative disorders), adaptogenic affects (on psychoneuroendocrinesystem) and so on.
Panchakarma therapy inducing Rasayana is a boon for many unsolved clinical problems related to bio-oxidation, free radicals, autoimmune disorders, cancer, Immunodeficiency syndromes.
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AYUSKARA/AYUSHYA ANTIOXIDANT EFFECT
•HYPERTENSION•DIABETES•CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE•PARKINSON DISEASE•GERIATRIC PROBLEMS•DEGENERATIVE CONDITIONS•ALZEMERS DISEASEETC.
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BALAKARA /OJOVARDHAKAIMMUNO MODULATION
•AIDS•SLE•THYROIDITIS•RHEUMATIC FEVER•GLOMERULONEPHRITIS•MYASTHENIAGRAVIS•MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS•PHOTOALLERGY ETC.
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AYUSKARA/ AYUSHYAADAPTOGENIC EFFECT
•STRESS RELATED DISEASES (MENTAL/PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENTAL)•PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINE PROBLEMS•PSYCHOSOMATIC DISORDERS
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INITIATIVES OF CCRAS-DEPARTMENT OF AYUSH ,
MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE
ON GERIATRIC CARE
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National Campaign on Ayurveda & Siddha for
Geriatric health care
•The National Campaign is aimed at generating awareness in private & public circles on strengths of Ayurveda & Siddha in Geriatric health care which benefit the elderly population.
•The objectives of the workshop is to sensitize policymakers, parliamentarians, professionals viz. eminent scientists, social scientists, Ayurveda, Siddha & Allopathic physicians of other traditions of medicines working at primary, secondary & tertiary health care setups concerning the strength and merits of Ayurveda & Siddha in catering health care services to elderly population
Special Geriatric OPD
Council started weekly special Geriatric OPD on every Wednesday at 27 CCRAS Ayurveda and Siddha institutes.
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PUBLICATIONS RELATED TO GERIATRIC CARE •JRAS Special issues on Geriatric health care•Background papers•Medicinal plants in Geriatric Care•Training Module for Geriatric health Care•Brain Ageing & Ayurveda•Select Research papers in evidence based Geriatric health care• Training module for Geriatric Health Care
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Conclusion
Ayurveda, the Science of life and Longevity evolved a clinical discipline of Rasayana Tantra as one of the major components of Astanga Ayurveda thousands of years ago.
Rasayana Karma is an unique blend of the phenomenon of nutrition, immunity, longevity and rejuvenation, besides a range of tissue/organ specific Rasayanas and Rasayanas with disease specific activity.
Ayurveda recount Nutrition, Immunity, Stress, Adaptation and Aging are interlinked processes.
A large number of drug and non-drug Rasayanas are described in Ayurveda and are still in popular use. Recent attempts of investigations on the scientific validity of Rasayana Agents have shown encouraging results.
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May we see for Hundred years
May we live for hundred years
THANK YOU47