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Copyright © 2019 Mars, Incorporated — Confidential
Perspectives on food integrity management
2019 Food and Water Summit
Dr. Abigail Stevenson, Director of Mars Global Food Safety Center
September 12, 2019
Singapore
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Copyright © 2019 Mars, Incorporated — Confidential
Collaborate with the Chinese
government promote food
safety and realize Healthy
China 2030 by sharing best
practices and research findings
Promote food safety
throughout the industry by
leveraging GFSC’s knowledge
for external communications
and training
Conduct collaborative research
in areas of critical challenge for
the food industry
Work together with NGOs to
extend our reach beyond the
food industry, sharing
capabilities and additional
perspective
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The Mars Global Food Safety Center
One of the first food industry pre-competitive food safety institutions
Government IndustryResearch NGOs
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Metal, glass, plastic particle, human hair, etc.
Antibiotics, pesticides, mineral oil, etc.
Allergen, microbial risk, etc.
Deliberate / intentional substitution, addition, tampering, or misrepresentation of food, food ingredients, or food packaging
IntroductionFood integrity challenges
Physical hazards
Chemical hazards
Biological hazards
Food fraud
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Introduction
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Farm Storage Processing Packaging Distribution Retail Consumption
Food Integrity
Vulnerability assessment, risk management & real time surveillance
Ensuring food integrity
Cited and modified from Paul Brereton’s presentation: The concept of Food Integrity: what does it mean and what are the scientific challenges that it poses?”
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Introduction
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Technical approaches to food integrity management
Fast screening technique:
⚫ Imaging technique
⚫ FT-IR spectroscopy
⚫ NIR spectroscopy
⚫ Raman spectroscopy
Sophisticated laboratory based technique:
⚫ LC-MS
⚫ GC-MS
⚫ ICP-MS
⚫ NMR spectroscopy
⚫ Sequencing technique
Food integrity
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Physical hazards
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Case study: Plastic particles
Challenges in plastic particle detection:• Various types made from different materials• Various sizes and shapes
Technical approaches:Three-tier analytical toolboxCombination of rapid screening method with sophisticated laboratory based methods
Rapid screening method:• Portable FT-IR for in-field test of larger plastic particle (> 5 mm)• FT-IR imaging technology for lab analysis of smaller microplastic particle (m-mm)
Sophiscated laboratory based method:• ICP-MS for analysis of plastic particle at at nano scale.
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Chemical hazardsCase study: Mineral oil
Challenges in mineral oil quantification:• Inaccurate quantification owing to interference compounds (naturally occurring n-alkanes and olefins)• Too high a detection limit owing to a high fat content
Technical approaches:
Sample preparation:• Aluminum oxide clean-up to remove natural n-alkanes• Epoxidation to remove natural olefins
Sample analysis:• GC-FID for quantitative determination for routine measurement• GC×GC-ToF to characterize different chemical families for result verification
EN 16995 (2017) – Determination of MOSH and MOAH with on-line HPLC-GC-FID analysis – vegetable oils and foodstuff on basis on vegetable oils
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Step 1: Identify allergens being used on site
Step 2: Put all mandatory GMPs in place
Step 3:Perform a HACCP based hazard analysis to
determine extra controls
Step 4: Where a hazard cannot be managed to LOW/NEGLIGIBLE, apply the labeling requirements
Step 5: Validate and Verify that the controls and labeling are appropriate
。
Biological hazardsCase study: Allergens
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Objective: Identify and recommend a comprehensive and consistent food fraud prevention framework, based on existing vulnerability assessment tools, targeted prevention activities and verification methods.
Figure 1. Food fraud management process
Case study 1: Vulnerability assessment tools
Food fraud
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Technical approaches: Two-tier analytical toolbox
Innovation in model building for data from ICP-MS:Machine learning techniques
Rapid screening methods
Sophiscated laboratory based methods
• FT-IR• NIR
• ICP-MS• LC-MS• GC-MS
Food fraudCase study 2: Rice authenticity
Challenges of PCR:• Only determine species, not geographical origins• Can’t distinguish fresh rice from aged
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1. Electronic tongue and electronic nose
Figure 2. Comparison of the principles of operation of the senses of taste and smell with electronic tongue and electronic nose on a strawberry jam sample.
Advances in Food Authenticity Testing. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100220-9.00008-4
Application of electronic tongue and electronic nose
⚫ Food authenticity testing:
Adulteration detection or discrimination of geographical origin in
dairy, fish and meat, grains, fruits and vegetables, oils and vinegar, teas
and coffees, beverages, etc.
⚫ Food quality assessment:
Assessment of meat shelf-life and thermal degradation of edible oils
Artificial intelligence is likely to be commercialized and widely used in food integrity area in the near future.
Emerging technology
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2. Routine cost-effective NMR approach
Emerging technology
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance will be better implemented into routine use with the development of FoodScreener platforms for untargeted applications, and targeted approaches for low-field benchtop
instruments.
FoodScreener Benchtop NMR
• Simultaneous evaluation of
quality and authenticity related
parameters.
• Juice-Profiling: routine analysis
of fruit products
• Wine-Profiling: composition,
geographical origin, grape
variety and vintage
• Honey-Profiling: botanical and
geographical verification of
honey
• Low field but high resolution
• Lower purchase and
maintenance cost than
conventional NMR
• Provides fast, direct, and
user-friendly method to
determine the fat and oil
content in foodstuffs
Trends in Food Science & Technology, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2019.07.035.
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Physical hazard detection:
• Thermal imaging technology to detect foreign body
Advantages:• Real-time imaging• Non-invasive and non-contact temperature measurement
Application:Detect foreign materials (rotten nuts, hard shells, and stones) in hazel nuts.
Emerging technology
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3.1 Portable devices
Chemical hazard detection:• Portable smart-phone readout device to detect
Mercury in water based on smartphone and colorimetric aptamer nanosensor.
Advantages:• Simple• Rapid, 20 min• Sensitive
Application:On-site detection of mercury contamination in water.
Trends in Food Science & Technology 21 (2010) 190-200 Sensors 16 (2016), doi:10.3390/s16111871
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Biological hazard detection:• MinION for pathogen confirmation
MinION
Flow cell
USB port
MotorNanopore
Emerging technology3.2 Portable devices
Food fraud detection:• MicroNIR
Advantage: • Real time• Portable• Long reads
Application: Serotype prediction and source tracking
Advantage:• Real-time predictions and method management • Repeatable and reproducible results• Embedded calibration development
Application:• Quality control analysis of the “Tommy Atkins” mango• Classify pure and adulterated palm oil
Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 173 (2017) 335–342https://nanoporetech.com/
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Future perspectives on food integrity management
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Development of an early warning system for food fraud
• Innovation in data sharing and multi-level cooperation
Development of more sensitive and robust targeted method
• Innovation in sample preparation / automation
Use of non-targeted data
• Innovation in machine learning
In-field surveillance and screening tests at production line using portable devices
• Innovation in instrumentation to improve sensitivity and reliability
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Partnerships and collaboration in food integrity area
Outputs
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University: Industry:
Research institutes:
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Thank youMars Global Food Safety Center
www.marsgfsc.com