A Brief State-of-the-Art ofIce Slurries and its

TechnologyPeter W. Egolf

University of Applied Sciences of Western SwitzerlandInstitute of Thermal Sciences and Engineering

HEIG-VD / Hes-so

Main components:Plasma (carrier fluid)

„Thrombocytes“ (fluidity)

„Erythrocytes“ (red blood cells,transport)

„Leukocytes“ (white blood cells, protection)

Multifunctional fluids in nature, e.g. human blood

Technical multifunctional fluids

Micro- capsuleslurries

Micro- capsuleslurries

Shape stabilized paraffins

Shape stabilized paraffins

Micro-emulsionslurries

Micro-emulsionslurries

Clathrate slurriesClathrate slurries

Ice slurriesIce slurries

 An overview of phase change slurries (PCS), which show a solid-liquid phase transition.

This graphic was designed on the basis of Inaba, 2000.

Thermal storage materials

Source:International Energy AgencyAnnex 18

Sensible heat storagewith water

Phase change materials

Type Substances Tm

(°C)

Hm

(kJ/kg)

Ref.

         

Ice/water/additives Ice slurries -5 to 0 80-150 Egolfet al.

Paraffins Eicosane, Docosane, etc. -12 to 71 128-197 Jahns et al.

Non-paraffin organics Beewaxes -13 to 187

131-438 Wirz et al.

Metallics Eutectic Bi-Cd-In 30-125 200-800 Wirz et al.

Salt Hydrates MgSO4-7H2O 28-137 270-650 Wirz et al.

Metal-salt compounds Ni-activated porous ceramics

1070-1130

280-480 Wirz et al.

Ice slurry production

Liquid Ice Outlet

Refrigerant Inlet

Refrigerant Outlet

Liquid Ice Inlet

Liquid film

Ice slurry

Newest ice slurry generators

a) Stamatiou et al., 2005

b) Stamatiou et al., 2003

c) Lim, 2004

See also review of Zhangand Ma, 2012.

Ice slurry ice particles

Photography:

Didier Vuarnoz

University of Applied Sciences of WesternSwitzerland

Time behaviour discovered by Frei and Egolf, 2000.

Laboratory installation at HEIG-VD/IGT/TIS

Specific enthalpy measurements

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15

Cha

leur

spé

cifi

que

(kJ/

kg K

)

Temperature (°C)

q = 78.2 kW/m2

m = 0.7 kg/sq = 68.5 kW/m2

m = 0.69 kg/s

q = 8.8 kW/m2

m = 0.37 kg/scalcul numérique

Spe

cifi

c he

at (

kJ/k

g)

Effective specific heat isthe derivative of the specificenthalpy

Ice slurry storage

a) Homogeneous ice slurry storage b) Heterogenous ice slurry storage From: Egolf et al., 2008

Rheological behavior

.

b

0

Dynamic viscosity Critical shear stress 0

UVP Technology (Takeda/Vuarnoz)

Multifunctional fluids in nature, e.g human blood

0

50

100

150

200

0 2 4 6 8 10

Posit

ion ac

ross t

he pi

pe

Velocity (m/s)

Moving bed flow

Theoretical model, Egolf et al, 2004.

• Supermarket refrigeration

• Air conditioning

• Food cooling (direct cooling)

• Aero plane cabine cooling, etc.

Applications of ice slurry

http://www.icesynergy.com/L4-1-fishchill.html

1) The technology has been mainly developed

2) Theories and calculation methods exist (IIR Handbook, 2005)

3) Advantage of high enthalpy density

4) Fluid ice (very simple and efficient transport of cold)

5) In case of blogging warming-up solves the problem

6) Advantage is the excellent cooling properties for any kind of food

Conclusions