Post on 16-Jan-2015
description
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Landmarks
Chimney Rock
- 90 meters high- Carved names in rock
- Rises near Bayard,Nebraska
- Nearly half a million emigrants saw Chimney Rock
Independence Rock
• Many emigrants arrived here on the fourth of July.
• Named in 1830 by William Sublette
• 700 feet wide, 1900 feet long, maximum of 128 feet above the Sweetwater Valley floor
Snake River
• Hundreds of feet deep at some points of the river
• Can only be crossed by using three islands as stepping stones
• Swallows up many things in its path
• Joins at many waterfalls
Devil’s Gate
• 5 miles southwest of Independence Rock
• Has a 400 feet deep chasm.
• Located on private land• Is 370 feet deep and 1500
feet long• Located in Natrona
County, Wyoming
Oregon Trail
Famous People
John C. Fremont• John C. Fremont lived
the years 1813 through1890.
• Fremont0 was happily married to Jesse Benton.
• His job was to make the West seem attractive and worth settling.
• The U.S. Navy appointed Fremont civil governor of California.
U.S. Presidents of 1840-1850
• William Henry Harrison won the presidential election of 1840 because of his catchy slogan “Tippecanoe & Tyler too”.
• In 1841 Harrison caught a cold which turned into a pneumonia and died.
• He was the first president to die in office.
• When James Polk was in office he told congress there was gold in California.
Kit Carson• On Christmas Eve of
1806 Kit Carson was born.
• His whole name is Christopher Houston Carson.
• In 1843 he married Maria Josefa Jaramillo.
• Kit was blessed with eight children.
• Carson died on May 23,1868.
Dr. Marcus Whitman
• Marcus was born in 1802.
• He was born in Rushville, New York.
• He practiced his medical training for four years.
• Dr.Whitman helped guide the first wagon train of emigrants to the Columbia River.
Oregon Trail
Daily Life on the Trail
Morning Routine
• First, they start the fire.
• Secondly, the women make breakfast.
• Then they pack up all supplies.
» Lastly, they head on for the trail.
Meal Preparation
• If lucky, they would have quail or buffalo.
• They usually ate bacon.
• Pioneers cooked their meals over an open fire.
Jobs Along the Way
• Women washed clothes.
• Men hunted, traded, and dealt with the livestock.
• Women were the family doctors.
• Men built the cabins.
Animals
Horses were rejected to go on the trail.
Oxen were the most common.
Mules were the second common.
Horses could not live off prairie grass.
Distance Traveled• People traveled
about 12-15 miles in one day.
• They traveled 2,000 miles in total.
• The people traveled 6 months in total from their starting point to their destination.
• Oxen traveled 2 miles an hour.
Evening Routine• Build another fire to
keep them warm.• Prepare the
evening meal.• Eat our dinner.• Write in our journal.• Sleep and be ready
to travel in the morning.
Entertainment
Make Soap or candles.Singing around campfire.Children wrestled each
other at school.Held spelling beesReading and writing in
journals.
Oregon Trail
Jobs of the Era
Doctor• Provided medical
treatment.• Leeches were
commonly used.• Served as man-
midwives.
Tanner• Striped hair and fat
from animals.• Another name for a
doctor Apothecary.• Tanners make
leather goods.• They could also tan
with animals brains.• Tanners always
smelled like animal hide
Coopers• Coopers made barrels.• Made barrels of wooden
staves.• Numbered staves in case
of shipment.• Put metal hoops around
the wood to keep it together.
Candle Making• Candle Making was
done in fall• Main ingredient was
Tallow.• Tallow was fat from
cows,sheep,and hogs.• First tallow was
stirred in cast iron pots
Blacksmiths• They made iron rims for
cart wheels.• Blacksmiths worked long
hours with little pay.• Often fixed children’s
play hoops.• Shoed horses.• Soften metal with fire.
Oregon Trail
Hardships
Disease Hardly any real doctors
traveled along the trail to cure diseases.
People who were sick and dead from disease along the trail would be abandoned on the side of the road.
Cholera killed more emigrants than anything else.
Deaths• Pioneers lied saying
that they knew how to drive. They lost control and death occurred .
• Infection caused deaths.
• When people were on the wagon and they fell under the wheels .
River Crossings
• The indians helped the pioneers cross rivers.
• Source of distress for pioneers.
• 37people drowned in1850 alone trying to cross the Green River .
Injuries
• Sometimes there weren’t real doctors on the trail.
• Cuts and broken bones could become infected.
• The youngest kids were usually the ones to get hurt.
Supply and Quality of Water
• At Cherry Creek the water was dried up like most other creeks.
• The pioneers had to dig holes in the sand for water for people and horses.
• Scarcity of water can lead to intense suffering for man and animals on the trail.
Lack of Food
• Because of the lack of food pioneers wouldn’t have energy to move on.
• They might get diseases from lack of vitamins.
• In the desert there wasn’t much game to hunt.