Pg. 136 RTW: What is one interesting thing you learned about Fish &

Sharks?• Objective:

– I will be prepared for the Marine EOC on 5/18.• Agenda:

– Final Review– Mammalia needs to send me quiz for approval– STUDY FOR FINAL ON MONDAY!

• Homework:– FINAL IN CLASS ON MONDAY: STUDY

Monday, May 11th, 2015

Pg. 136 RTW: What is your favorite organism that we’ve learned about?

• Objective:– I will be able to cite examples and explain the adaptations

to the marine environment of the invertebrate phyla: Reptilia.

• Agenda:– Reptilia Foldable– Reptilia group be ready to present tomorrow!– Mammalia group send digital documents by today!– STUDY FOR FINAL ON MONDAY!

• Homework:– FINAL IN CLASS ON MONDAY: STUDY

Tuesday, May 12th, 2015

Chordate (class reptilia)

Examples:Class reptilia: sea turtle, marine iguana,

crocodiles, sea snakes.

General Characteristics:They are ectotherms; which means “cold

blooded”.Bear their young in eggsBreathe using lungs, instead of gills

Chordate (class reptilia)

Diagrams:

Reproduction: sexual and either lay eggs or have internal development without parental nourishment. (ovoviviparous)

1. Kemp’s Ridley

2. Hawksbill

3. Loggerhead

4. Green

5. Leatherback

Five (5) species of marine turtles nest in Florida

Green Sea Turtle

Green turtle

It is one of the largest species: 3ft long

recognized because they have one pair of scales in front of their eyes

Green Turtle

Most common It’s called the

green turtle because of the green color of the fat under shell, they are not actually green.

Diet consists almost exclusively on seagrasses and marine algae (Hatchlings eat plants and animals)

Inhabits shallow waters and is attracted to lagoons with an abundance of grass and algae

Hawksbill

Hawksbill Turtle The beautiful

shell often used for jewelry

Distinctive by its hawk like beak

Can reach 3 feet

Diet consists of primarily sponges

Inhabits rocky areas, coral reefs, coastal areas, lagoons.

Illegal trade of tortoiseshell continues

Kemp Ridley

Kemp’s Ridley

Kemp’s Ridley most endangered

species, as well as the smallest: only grows to 24-28 in

They are olive green in color.

Mostly nest on one beach, in Rancho Nuevo, Mexico.

Carapace is almost as wide as long

Diet consists mostly of crabs Females swarm to mass

nesting emergences known as arribadas in the daylight.

arribadasarribadas

Leatherback

Leatherback Can dive the

deepest and travel the furthest of any other turtle.

Can reach 4 to 8 feet Diet mostly jellyfish, but also

sea urchins, squid, crustaceans, fish, blue-green bacteria, & floating seaweed

Most pelagic of all sea turtles

Leatherbacks

Instead of a solid shell they have bones in their skin that form 5 ridges.

Loggerhead

Loggerhead Turtle They can be

identified by their large head, reddish brown carapace (top), and dull brown plastron (bottom).

Diet consists of mollusks, crustaceans, fish, other marine animals

Widely distributed

Turtle concerns

1. Diseases……caused by??????? Pollution Red Tide Viruses

Fibropapilloma tumors(FY bro PAP il LO ma) Causes blindnessDifficulty swimming Eventual death

Locations w/ infected Turtles

Turtle concernsTurtle concerns2. 2. UsUs (humans) (humans)

BoatsBoats

Shrimp Boats, TED Shrimp Boats, TED DevicesDevices

Plastics, trashPlastics, trash

Loss of habitatLoss of habitat

Turtle egg poachingTurtle egg poaching

Beach Beach nourishment/dredgingnourishment/dredging

Beach drivingBeach driving

http://www.scaquarium.org/seaturtle/rescue.aspx

Interesting Facts:Archelon is the oldest known fossil at 150 MYA.Found in 1970’s in S.Dakota.

Archelon:Measured 15 ft long (from beak to tail) and 16.5 ft wide(including flippers and shell), weighing 4,500 lbs.

Archelon:Primarily ate giant squid.

Marine Iguana (10 in- 2 ft)Widely distributed throughout GalapagosPopulation varies in color & size= single speciesHerbivores= seaweed in intertidal zone

Males are bigger than females Males tend to swim past breaks Average diving depths= 1.5-5 meters

Physical &Physiological CharacteristicsPermit feedingHabits

-Long & sharpclaws

Land Iguana

Marine Iguana

Marine Iguana gripping rocks during feeding

Adapted to swim well Flattened tail for propulsion

Able to scrape algae off rocks with 3 cusped teeth- Razor Sharp!!

Sea Snakes Approx 70

species of sea snakes

Almost all are venomous

Different from eelsEels are fish

with gills, not reptiles with lungs

American

Crocodile

American

Alligator

Overlapping Teeth

Gator vs Crocodile

Crocodiles

Have been on earth for about 100 million years

Human impacts have caused population to decline

Found around the

tip of Florida in

coastal, brackish

or saltwater habitats

AmericanCrocodile

AmericanAlligator

American Alligator

Primarily freshwater swamps Adults can tolerate saltwater for only

short periods of time Lack salt secreting glands found in

crocodiles Hatchlings receive parental care from

mother staying with her for up to a year Florida Red-bellied turtles tend to lay

their eggs in an alligator nest

No RTW: Reptilia group be ready to present when the bell rings!

• Objective:– I will be able to cite examples and explain the

adaptations to the marine environment of the invertebrate phyla: Reptilia.

• Agenda:– Reptilia Fish Food Presentation– STUDY FOR FINAL ON MONDAY!

• Homework:– FINAL IN CLASS ON MONDAY: STUDY

Wednesday, May 13th, 2015

Pg. 136 RTW: What is one interesting fact about Reptilia?

• Objective:– I will be able to cite examples and explain the

adaptations to the marine environment of the invertebrate phyla: Mammalia.

• Agenda:– Foldable Notes Chordata: Mammalia– Mammalia group be ready to present tomorrow!– STUDY FOR FINAL ON MONDAY!

• Homework:– FINAL IN CLASS ON MONDAY: STUDY

Thursday, May 14th, 2015

Chordate (class Mammalia: marine mammals) Examples:

Order Cetacea: whales, dolphins, porpoisesOrder Sirenia: manatees, dugongsOrder Carnivora: sea otters, polar bearsOrder Pinnepedia: seals, sea lions

Characteristics: 5 mammal characteristics: hair, live young, produce

milk, breathe air, endothermicAdapted for swimmingCetaceans use echolocation to navigate

Chordate (class mammalia)

Diagram:

Reproduction: sexual, live birth with placenta attached to mom. Mothers produce milk to feed young.

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Mammalia

Characteristics

• Mammals went from land to sea 50 million years ago.

• Their bodies have adapted to swimming and diving rather than running/jumping on land

• Only produce a few well cared for young• Mammals are

1. Air breathing

2. Live birth, embryo receives nutrients through placenta

3. Warm blooded

4. Have mammary glands produce milk for young

5. Have hair at some point in their lives

Class Mammalia

order Pinnipedia(Seals, Sea Lions& Walruses)

order Carnivora(Sea Otters)

order Sirenia(Manatees &Dugongs)

order Cetacea(Whales, Dolphins& Porpoises)

Pinnipeds

Sea Lions

Seals

Major differences:Major differences:•Sea Lions can move back flipper Sea Lions can move back flipper forward forward •Sea Lions have external earsSea Lions have external ears•Sea Lions males have external Sea Lions males have external testiclestesticles•Sea Lions lack toes w/ clawsSea Lions lack toes w/ claws

Walruses

Pinnipeds usually live in cold water Have a thick layer of blubber for insulation,

food reserve & buoyancy Bristly hair & large size conserve body heat

(less surface area)

Exception: Monk Seals These seals live in warm climates Two species are rare: Mediterranean &

Hawaiian One species is extinct, last seen in 1952:

Caribbean Seals hunted for skin, meat & oil

c. 1910

CaribbeanMonk SealLast seenIn 1952

Steller’sSea Cow

•Closest relatives to Closest relatives to manatees & dugongs are manatees & dugongs are elephantselephants•The only true vegetarians The only true vegetarians among marine mammalsamong marine mammals•The extinct Steller’s sea The extinct Steller’s sea cow was the largest cow was the largest @ 25-30 feet@ 25-30 feet

SireniansSirenians

Dugong

class Mammalia

order Pinnipedia(Seals, Sea Lions& Walruses)

order Carnivora(Sea Otters)

order Sirenia(Manatees &Dugongs)

order Cetacea(Whales, Dolphins& Porpoises)

Breathing

Blowhole takes air to lungs Toothed whales have 1 nostril Baleen whales have 2 nostrils

Swimming

Large body size- streamline shapes Tail flukes and hind flippers propel them

through water

Blubber

Mammals are endothermic (warm blooded)

Blubber- used to keep them warm Over 60cm thick, traps heat.

Communication & Echolocation Well developed brains, very intelligent Communicates using clicks & sounds

through the melon.Use the reflected sound to determine size,

shape and density.

Songs produced by the Beluga & Humpback whales

Comparison of Vertebrate Brains- Brain is larger in relationBrain is larger in relation

to body size & more complex compared to other vertebratesto body size & more complex compared to other vertebratesThis allows more storage & processing of informationThis allows more storage & processing of information

•Only marine member of the order Carnivora Only marine member of the order Carnivora (exception- Polar bear)(exception- Polar bear)•Lacks a layer of blubber, has dense fur for Lacks a layer of blubber, has dense fur for insulationinsulation•Almost killed to extinction in 1911Almost killed to extinction in 1911

Cetaceans(Cetus: greek forwhale) Largest group (90

species) Experienced complete

transition to aquatic life Breathe through one

single or double blowhole

http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/animals/mammals-animals/dolphins-and-porpoises/dolphin-pink-river.html

All marine except a few species of dolphins

Cetaceans divided into 2 groups:Toothless, filter feeding Toothed, carnivorous

River Dolphin

Toothless Whales- have two blowholes

Baleen is rows of flexible, fibrous plates that hang from the upper jaws.

Made of keratin (similar to hair & nails)

Hanging from the plates are bristles that overlap and form a dense mat

This filters out the food from the water that the whale takes in

13 species- Blue whale is largest (M-80ft/ F-110ft)

Baleen used for boning in corsets

Suborder: Mysticeti(Baleen whales)

Rorquals

Whales that have an expanding throat (accordion like)

Ex. blue whale, fin whale, minke whale, & humpback whale

Blue Whale

http://www.ecokids.ca/pub/eco_info/topics/whales/habitat_degradation.cfm

Suborder: Odontoceti,(toothed whales)

Most are dolphins & porpoises

Largest toothed whale is the sperm whale-Now the most numerous

Pressures from whaling, drowning in nets are impacting all populations

Humpback Whale spout

Large whales will have a visible spout when they Large whales will have a visible spout when they blow air out of blowholeblow air out of blowholeThis is the condensation of their warm breath This is the condensation of their warm breath hitting the cooler airhitting the cooler airThe height & angle can help ID a whale at a The height & angle can help ID a whale at a distance (Blue Whale- 20-40 ft high)distance (Blue Whale- 20-40 ft high)

http://www.salariya.com/web_books/whaling/blows/spouts.html

No RTW: Mammalia group be ready to present when the bell rings!

• Objective:– I will be able to cite examples and explain the

adaptations to the marine environment of the invertebrate phyla: Mammalia.

• Agenda:– Mammalia Fish Food Presentation– Mammalia group send digital documents by today!– STUDY FOR FINAL ON MONDAY!

• Homework:– FINAL IN CLASS ON MONDAY: STUDY

Friday, May 15th , 2015