Philippine Librarianship

transcript

CURRENT & FUTURE DIRECTIONOF PHILIPPINE LIBRARIANSHIP

SHIRLEY INGLES-CRUZHead Librarian

Commission on AppointmentsCongress of the Philippines

Immediate Past-PresidentSpecial Libraries Association – Asian Chapter

E-mail Address: singlescruz@gmail.com

Scope of the Presentation2

Introduction

Competency & Proficiency Required of Filipino Librarians

Social Responsiveness and Involvement

Scope of the Presentation

Conclusions and ConcernsASEAN Economic Integration

State of FilipinianaRole of Associations and Consortia

StatisticsState of Philippine Librarianship

Legislations and LawsBackground

Background3

IntroductionBackground

Philippine GeographyHistory of the Philippine Libraries & Librarianship

Legislation & Laws Statistics

Geography

17 regions, 82 provinces, 135 cities, 1,493 municipa-lities, 42,028 barangays

Archipelago of 7,107 islands

In honor ofKing Philip II of Spain

1521 – 1898:Colonized by Spaniards

Capital city:Manila

Three main divisions:Luzon, Visayas, &

Mindanao

A sovereign island in Southeast Asia

Current population:103 million

1898 – 1946:Colonized by Americans

1941 – 1945:Japanese occupation

History of Philippines Library

Ancient Period/ Before History

Spanish Period

American Period

Modern Period

Ancient Period/ Before History(pre-1565)

No trace of the existence of libraries

Pre-Spanish documents were destroyed by

colonizers (assumed)

Philippine pre-Spanish Culture

Art of writing was confined to specific areas in the

archipelago

Localized knowledge of reading and writing

Spectrum of native cultures separated by linguistic and

geographical barriers

Different levels of knowledge of the art of writing

Ancient Period/ Before History(pre-1565)

The Colonial Philippine Library Period (Spanish Period)

1572:Formal occupation by the

Spanish

1521:Discovered by

Ferdinand Magellan

Only religious books found their way on the islands

1583: private collection by Bishop Domingo de Salazar

Other collections:

College of San Ignacio

University of Santo Tomas

Augustinian Convent ofSan Pablo

1604:First typographic press was

manufactured

Doctrina Christiana (1593):First printed book in the

Philippines

Establishment of the Sociedad Económica

(1781):For free distribution of books

Establishment ofMuseo-Biblioteca de

Filipinas (1887)

"A free library and reading-room has been opened in

Manila, chiefly for the use of American soldiers and

sailors.”(The Library Journal)

1900: American Circulating Library was created

Library trends prevailing abroad Philippine library

culture

American Period

Establishment of public education

system and a strong public

service

Law of03 June 1908:

Philippine Public Library as a repository of

Philippine history and culture

1901:Establishment of

Scientific Library

American Period

1909:Creation of Philippine Library

American Period

National Library of the Philippines

American Period

4 scholars to study at University of Wisconsin

Cirilo Pérez

Gabriel Bernardo

Eulogio Rodriguez

Jose Munda

1914 foundation of Philippine librarianship by

James Robertson

Mary Polk

Lois Osborn

Philippine librarianship

Philippine Normal School(1919)

University of the Philippines(1914)

American Period

1923:Establishment of the Philippine

Library Association

1941-1945:Japanese

Occupation – most of the libraries were burned

1934:Organization of

the first:

American Period

National book week

National convention for librarians

1954:Establishment of the

Association of Special Libraries of the

Philippines (ASLP) by the Interdepartmental

Reference Service (IDRS)

Almost total destruction of libraries during World War II

1961:UP – Institute of Library

Science Master’s degree program

Modern Period

Involvement of government agencies with:

United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

Agricultural Bank of Asia (AIBA)

Food and Agricultural Organization of the United

nation (FAO)

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

Modern Period

Legislations and Laws

RA 6966 of 1990“Scope of the practice of librarianship – The practice of librarianship shall constitute in holding out oneself as skilled in the knowledge, art and science of the organization, dissemination, preservation and conservation of recorded information; the rendering, furnishing and contracting of professional services such as consultations and advice on the organization and management of libraries, data banks, research and information centers to clients on a fee basis or otherwise; the teaching of subjects in the library and information sciences; and the signing or authenticating for clients of documents or reports when called for.”

RA 9246Philippine Librarianship Act

“The State recognizes the essential role of librarianship as a profession in developing the intellectual capacity of the citizenry thus making library service a regular component for national development…

RA 9246Philippine Librarianship Act

… It shall, through honest, effective, and credible licensure examination and regulatory measures, undertake programs and activities that would promote and nurture the professional growth and well-being of competent, virtuous, productive, and well-rounded librarians whose standards of practice and service shall be characterized by excellence, quality, and geared towards world-class global competitiveness.”

Code of Ethics for Philippine LibrariansProfessional Regulation Commission

Librarians, mindful of their role in the development of knowledge and culture and the enrichment of people's lives, seek the highest standards of ethical behavior in their relations with their schools, their clients/ employers, the librarianship profession and colleagues, agencies, and associations and the public. […]

State of Philippine Librarianship

1914: Undergraduate Library Sciencecourses were first offered

First country in Asia to offer formal courses for librarians

1917: First 4-year curriculum for the Bachelor of Library Science (BLS)

1920-1923: 7 scholars were sent to USA for further studies

History of the Library Education in the Philippines

1961: First master’s degree program was offered

1991: BLS BLIS

76 schools offer Library Sciences courses

Library Science curriculum and teaching followed those in the USA

History of the Library Education in the Philippines

UP SLIS

Role of Librarians

Librarians are steering libraries towards the fulfilment of the urgent and complex mission of sharing knowledge

to users.

They create and implement programs and services that promote successful lifelong learning strategies.

Librarians help people use the internet

Libraries are a gathering place

Libraries offer the human touch

Librarians help people usethe internet better

Libraries are hubs forpreserving the past

Librarians link digitalknowledge with users

Libraries are the mostdemocratic institutions

Libraries are the first steps toward literacy

Librarians provide training in information literacy

Relevance of Librarians & Libraries

Mission of Libraries

The library is a gateway to global information,

enabling direct and remote access to information

resources in a variety of formats.

The library is a dynamic partner in imparting knowledge to users, evolving to meet the changing needs of its diverse community of

learners, while advancing institutional mission, values,

and vision

Collections remain forward-looking, diverse

in breadth and form, open to browsing, and of world-renowned quality

Through innovation, access to these

resources is made faster and easier

Through marketing strategies, people are

made aware of the resources available to

To serve future users, information across all

formats is preserved for the use of future

generations

To satisfy the new breed of users, the library’s physical and virtual spaces are well-equipped to

respond to the changing habits of its users

Vision of Libraries

More sophisticated information-

seeking behaviour and expectations

of information seekers

Geometric increase in the

volume of information in

digital and other formats

Automation of the information

infrastructure

Current Scenario

Greater access to a wider range of

and more reliance on digital

information sources

Use of social media in

knowledge management

Proactive collaboration and

the increasing popularization and

deepening of computer and

communications network

Current Scenario

Statistics

Demand for Librarians

Local Government Offices:43,755

Top Corporations:1,000+

Secondary Schools:6,002

National Government Offices:1,000+

Tertiary Schools:4,323

Elementary Schools:37,338

Supply and Demand for Librarians

Actual demand: 50,000+

Licensed librarians:7,783

Competency and Proficiency Required of Filipino Librarians

PersonalCompetencies

ProfessionalCompetencies

ManagingInformationTools andTechnologies

ManagingInformationOrganizations

Personal Competencies

Cultural

Customer Service

Ethics and Values

Interpersonal Competencies

Communication

Leadership

Lifelong Learning and Personal Growth

Professional Competencies

Managing InformationResources

Managing InformationServices

Managing Information Resources

Preservation

Collection Management

Selection and Acquisition

E-Resources Management

Cataloguing

Managing Information Services

Public Services/ Outreach

Reader’s Advisory

Patron Training

Information Literacy

Access Services

Reference/ Information

Children’s Services

Managing Information Tools and Technologies

Core Web Tools

Core Hardware

Core Operating Systems

Core Software Applications

Core E-mail

Core Internet

Core Application of Information Tools and Techniques

Managing Information Organizations

Collaboration/Networking

Financial Management/Budgeting and Finance

Personnel Management

Public Relations/Marketing and Promotion

Strategic Planning/Policy Formulation

Project Management/Research

Facilities Management

Role of Associations and Consortia

Collectively, the objectives of these library associations are to foster closer relations and cooperation among the members, to stimulate professional growth among the members, to uphold the dignity of the library profession, to observe professional ethics at all times, and to develop and offer continuing library education programs.

- Dante Perez

Role of Associations and Consortia

Regional Library Associations

Library Science Alumni Associations

Student Library Associations

Library-related Associations

Local Library Associations

Provincial Library Associations

National Library Associations

Associations and Consortia

Development of Library Associations

early years of the American occupation

Round Table Association (1910)

American Circulating Library Association of Manila (1900)

Philippine Library Association (PLA) was the

first and only national organization of librarians

founded during the American period.

Philippine Library Associations, Inc.

To foster and maintain among its members […]

To cultivate among its members a spirit of cordiality and fellowship

To encourage and foster a continuing program of library education and research […]

PLAI Objectives

To safeguard the professional interest of its members

To provide a forum for the discussion of librarianship, library reform, […]

To encourage and cultivate library cooperation and establish

professional contact with librarians […]

To uphold the dignity and ethics of the library profession

To enable librarians and their associations to discharge their public

responsibility more effectively

To maintain library service at high professional levels

To encourage the creation of libraries throughout the country

Economic and Financial Learning Center – Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas

PGLL – Objectives1. To aim at establishing a cohesive force which will unite Law Librarians throughout the Philippines in a common endeavor to raise or maintain at a high level the standard of law librarianship in the country;

2. To serve as an instrument for the advancement of legal documentation and scholarship and the furtherance of research in the field of law in the Philippines and other countries;

3. To promote on cooperative and fraternal basis the work of individuals, libraries and other institutions engaged in bibliographic processing of legal materials and to facilitate research of such materials on a world wide basis;

4. To provide a forum for consideration and analysis of problems and issue affecting law librarianship in general and legal research in particular;

5. To promote and ensure the economic, social, moral intellectual and cultural well-being of the members;

6. To establish links with similar associations throughout the world with a view to promoting cooperative friendly relations and exchange data and information on the methods and experiences of law librarians in other countries;

7. To acquire, own, hold, let, and lease, mortgage and encumber, and convey and dispose real or personal properties, including shares of stock from corporations, as may be permitted by law;

8. Generally, to do and perform all acts and things necessary, proper and incidental to the purposes hereinabove set forth and those acts and things legally inherent in powers of organization established under laws of the Philippines.

CLAPHIL

Organized – 2003

To represent the lower court librarians and their libraries in Supreme Court

To coordinate and cooperate with its judicial programs

45 active lower court libraries nationwide

50 members

University Libraries

PATLIS

UPLSAA

UP LISSA

UP SLIS

Mendiola Consortium (MC)

South Manila Inter institutional Consortium (SMI-IC)

Iloilo Medical and Allied Health Consortium

Consortia in the Philippines

Ortigas Center Library Consortium (OCLC)

Muntinlupa, Parañaque, and Las Piñas (MunParLas)

Academic Libraries Book Acquisitions Systems Association, Inc. (ALBASA)

Inter University Consortium (IUC)

Aurora Boulevard Consortium Libraries, Inc. (ABC)

Intramuros Library Consortium (ILC)

Consortia in the Philippines

“The primary aim of forming library consortia (whether academic, school, public or special) in the Philippines is to share resources implementing them through wide-ranging activities. Other reasons include education, information dissemination, program planning and policy development, research, and staff development. Among the different types of library consortia, the academic library consortia proved to be more extensive in terms of aims/objectives.”

(Fresnido & Yap, 2014)

Information network is “a network of organizations established and maintained to share information, as distinct from a network for the sharing of bibliographic data identifying information sources”.

Information Networks in the Philippines

Introduction

Cotabato Libraries and Information Network (COLINet)

Health Action Information Network (HAIN)

Information Network on New and Renewable Energy Resources and Technologies for Asia and the Pacific Philippine National Network (INNERTAP)

Health Research and Development Information Network (HERDIN)

Eastern Visayas Library Network (EVLib.Net)

Department of Science and Technology-Engineering and Science Education Project (DOST-ESEP) Library Network

Asia-Pacific Information Network on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (APINMAP)

Academic Libraries Information Network in Mindanao (ALINET)

Introduction

Philippine Association of Academic and Research Librarians Network (PAARLNet)

Davao Colleges and Universities Network

Science and Technology Information Network of the Philippines (ScINET-Phil)

Regional Health Research and Development Foundation–7 Subcommittee on Health Information Dissemination and Networking-Cebu City

Philippine Agricultural Information Services Network (PhilAgriNet)

Nutrition Research Information Network (NUTRINET)

National Labor Information Network (NATLINE)

State of Filipiniana

National Library of the Philippines’Criteria for Rare Filipiniana:

Filipiniana

All out-of-print Filipiniana books of great historical value

All early and rare Philippine manuscripts

Books about the Philippines before 1945

Notable specimens of book-marking, illustrations, and binding

Books printed in the Philippines before 1945

Philippine incunabula or books printed in the Philippines from

1593 to 1640

Filipiniana“Maintaining a Filipiniana rare books collection is a highly-specialized work. It is a kind of library service that requires more than what is necessary in managing conventional information resources. A great step in improving rare books collection management in the country is equipping our rare book librarians with the training and skills needed for them to effectively carry out their work. Since there virtually are no available specialized trainings on rare book librarianship in the country, it is very likely that the librarians who are being or will be assigned to manage our rare books are the uninitiated ones. This is a situation that our library schools and professional associations must also take into view.” (Ubay, et. al.)

Dated 822 A.D.

Found in 1989:In Lumban near Laguna de Bay

Kavi script was inscribed

Laguna Copper Inscription

Dated 1002 A.D. – Could have been used for documentation in trading

Found in Libertad, Butuan City (southern PH)

Inscribed on the seal is the word “Butban” in stylized Kavi

Butuan Ivory Seal

University of Santo Tomas Archives:Possesses the biggest collection

Baybayin – literally means syllables

By 13th or 14th century,Baybayin was in regular use

Baybayin

Printed by Keng Yong but undated

Scholars estimate the printing dateto be around 1590

Found in 1948: by Fray Jose Ma. Gonzales of the Dominican Order in Manila

Doctrina CristianaDoctrina Christiana en letra y China

Printed using xylographicpress printing technique

Printed by Juan de Vera,a Chinese convert

Found in Italy and purchased in 1946by Lessing J. Rosenwald

Doctrina CristianaDoctrina Christiana en lengua espanola y tagala

Regarded as the 1st landmark grammar book

1st book written by a native Filipino

Tomas Pinpin – regarded as the First Filipino printer and Patriarch of Filipino Printers

Arte y Reglas de la Lengua Tagala

Another book by Tomas Pinpin

Printed in 1610

Librong Pagaaralan nang mga Tagalog nang Uicang Castila

No known surviving copy

1st book – printed by movable type in 1602

2nd book – written in the Philippines

Others

San José, Francisco de Libro de nuestra señora del rosario en lengua y letra tagala de Filipinas

1st typography book printed in 1604

Printed by Juan de Vera

Also printed by de Vera

Others

Libro de los Cuatro Postrimerias del Hombre

By Fr. Francisco Blancas de San Jose

Ordinationes Generales

By Juan de Castro

Filipiniana Rare

Those published before the year of liberation

(1945)

Those printed as early as 1600s

Rare Materials

Majority of the books came from Europe

Came from the old University

Many are written in Latin

30,00 volumes5,000 titles

Lopez Museum and Library

1524:Oldest book

16-19th c. collections such as maps

16-19th c. rare books of various subjects

17-19th c. rare periodicals

Also a museum of Filipiniana art

1945-1972 newspaper clippings

Rare Books

From polemic writings to personal recollection of battles in the Phil.

18th c. grammars of Phil. lang. to 20th c. studies on Phil. flora &

17th c. historical accounts to 20th c. reports of the Phil. Commission

Early 1600s to the mid-1900s holdings on Philippine arts and

letters, religion and politic, social and natural sciences

A one-step resource center for Filipiniana resources

Aims to provide a one-search engine for researchers and students

Provides a venue of interaction

http://www.librarylink.org.ph/

Social Responsiveness and Involvement

Libraries are a strategic investment

Libraries are a community resource

With over 75 current partner libraries and 8 institutional partners

A coalition of local and international partners

Aims to empower over 2 million citizen

Build at least 200 community education centers by 2020

AGAPP Foundation

Heneral Basa

Green Library Project in Baguio

By Dhodie de Guzman

ASEAN Economic Integration

A Partnership in Dynamic Development

ASEAN Vision 2020

A Concert of Southeast Asian Nations

A Community ofCaring Societies

An Outward-lookingASEAN

A Partnership in Dynamic Development

Forge closer economic integration within ASEAN

To create a stable, prosperous, and highly competitive ASEAN

Economic Region

To sustain ASEAN’s high economic performance

To move towards closer cohesion and economic

integration

To enhance ASEAN economic cooperation

ASEAN Vision 2020

The ASEAN Framework Agreement on Services (AFAS) Article V: Recognition, states that ASEAN Member States may recognize the education or experience obtained, requirements met, or licenses or certifications granted in another ASEAN Member State, fro the purpose of licensing or certification of service suppliers.

(Manzala, 2013)

Recognition of Professional Qualifications

Conceptual Framework

Qualifications

Mobility of Professionals

ASEAN MRAASEAN Mutual Recognition

Arrangements

AQRFASEAN Qualifications Reference Framework

PQFPhilippine Qualifications

Framework

ASEAN MRAASEAN Mutual Recognition

Arrangements

Recognition of

AQRFASEAN Qualifications Reference Framework

Harmonization of

PQFPhilippine Qualifications

Framework

Development of

(Manzala, 2013)

Professional

ASEAN MRA: Recognition

Has certificate of not having violated any professional or ethical standards

Has employment experience

Has required qualifications

Complied with CPD requirements

Has valid registration and license

Has no pending administrative or legal proceeding

Recognitionof

Qualificationsby

Host Country

(Manzala, 2013)

• Once qualification of an ASEAN Librarian is recognized, he/she will be registered in the registry.

• Once registered, he/she is qualified to work in any ASEAN country or where the Philippines has established an MRA.

Goal: Librarians ASEAN Registry

Diversity in LIS curricula among

the ASEAN countries

Information about LIS education is not available for some countries

Some ASEAN countries do not

yet offer LIS courses

Concern: LIS Curricula

Regional Accreditation

No system for accrediting LIS education programs

A proposal for regional accreditation has been submitted to CONSAL

Countries in the Southeast region follow different educational systems

Levels

AssessmentRecognition

AccreditationEndorsement

Concern: Qualifications Framework

The present graduates of Library Science in the Philippines lack two years of basic education

Diversity of the Qualifications Framework among ASEAN countries lead to difficulty in harmonization

Rationale: knowledge obsolescence

CPD enhances that knowledge and leads

to continuing certification

Library schools provide basic knowledge

Ask yourself,“What kind of librarian

do I want to be?”

Concern: Continuing Professional Development

The minimum requirement for

employment in some ASEAN nations is a

masters degree in LIS

Seminars/ Workshops

Self Directed and/or Lifelong

Learning

Post-graduate/ Specialty Training

CPD Activities

Qualifications(A)

Qualifications(B)

Country(A)

Country(B)

ASEAN Qualifications Reference Framework

(Cueto, 2015)

Main Objectives

Promote mobility of professionals and workers

Support recognition of qualifications

Domains of Level Descriptors

Application and responsibility

Knowledge and skill

ASEAN Qualifications Reference Framework (AQRF)

Fear of losing their jobs

Low enrollment = low passing rate in LLE

State of the libraries in the Philippines

Requirement of the CPD due to costs

involved

Some Concerns of Filipino Librarians

Readiness of librarians in terms of

qualifications and attitude

Filipino librarians could work in countries where the MRA has

been worked out

Benefits of AEC 2015 for the LIS Profession

Qualification of Filipino librarians will be at par with those in other

ASEAN nations

Librarians will continuously improve their qualifications and

be more competitive through continuing development

programs

Philippine libraries can network with libraries in other ASEAN

countries

Conclusions and Concerns

Professional formal training centers for librarians for

continuing education

What we lackfrom Fe Versoza

Funding organizations that offer financial and intellectual support for continuing education efforts

Postgraduate training centers offering formal courses

Professional retraining program

Some librarians are not aware of their roles and duties

Concerns

Philippine libraries are still not ready to take the lead for

ASEANization

LIS education is facing inadequacies and has no mutual

recognition agreement yet

LIS is not considered as an outcome-based education

CMO 46 S. 2012 “Policy standard to enhance quality assurance (QA) in the Philippine higher education

institution through and Outcomes Based and Typology based QA”

Learning Resources and Support Structure

Prelude to “ASEANization”

Practicum laboratoriesLibraries

Linkages with the relevant disciplines and professional sectors

Relevant educational resources

Acquisition and upgrading of knowledge,

skills, values and qualifications throughout all stages of a person’s

Support all forms of learning including formal

learning, non-formal learning, and informal

learning

Promote the development of

competencies that will enable citizens to adapt to a knowledge-based

society

Credits

• Lourdes David of Professional Regulatory Board for Librarians

• Milagros Ong of Supreme Court of the Philippines

• King Aaron Cruz of University of the Philippines Diliman

ReferencesHernandez, V. (1993). Trends in Philippine History. International Federation of Library

Associations and Institutions. Edinburgh, United Kingdom. Retrieved from http://archive.ifla.org/IV/ifla65/papers/039-138e.htm

Laguna Copperplate Inscription. (2015, April 21). Retrieved from Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laguna_Copperplate_Inscription

Perez, R. Philippine Librarianship: Educational, Institutional, and Professional History.

Philippine Librarians Association. (2009, February 24). Retrieved from WikiPilipinas: http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Philippine_Librarians_Association

Professional Regulatory Board for Librarians. (2012). Beyond the Bookstacks – Challenges, Issues, Strategies Open to Librarians Today: Road Map of the Philippine Library Profession.

Professional Regulatory Board for Librarians. (2015). Problem Solving Skills, Competencies Building, and Mutual Recognition Arrangements with ASEAN Countries.

References

Quirante, J. (2006, Spring). Librarianship in the Philippines. Retrieved from University of Hawaii System: http://www2.hawaii.edu/~wertheim/610Quirantephilippines.html

Reyes, M. B. (n.d.). Ecclesiasticle Archives. Retrieved from http://www.ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/articles-on-c-n-a/article.php?igm=2&i=175

Rosales, R. (2008, June). Documentary Sources on the History of Manila at the Archdiocesan Archives of Manila. CORMOSEA Bulletin No 31, 1-8.

Ubay, R., Ubay2, R., Ubay3, R., & Ubay4, R. (n.d.). Exploring Filipiniana Books and the State of Filipiniana. Rare Books Management. Retrieved from http://library.ifla.org/12/1/095-ubay-en.pdf

Vallejo, R. (n.d.). Books and Bookmaking in the Philippines. Retrieved from http://www.ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/articles-on-c-n-a/article.php?igm=2&i=195

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