Photosynthesis

6___ + 6___ ______ + 6__Light

Chlorophyll

CO2: Carbon Dioxide

Air __% N2

__% O2

.04%CO2

H2OExits

CO2 Enters

Open Stomate

Closed Stomate

2 _____ Cellssurrounding apore

Transpiration_______________________________________

How Does Water Get In The Plant?

Water enters through the __________

Most water is lost from the plant through the _________

To reduce water loss leaves are covered with a waxy cuticle (plant “chapstick”)

CO2 Enters

The Leaf is Covered with a Waxy Cuticle: “Plant Chapstick”

H2O Exits

If water cannot get out of the leaf through the waxycuticle what cannot getinto the leaf for P/S?

Mesophyll cell or photosynthetic cell: Note the chloroplasts

Transpiration The ________ loss by a plant,

primarily through stomata

Degree of Stomatal Opening

Closed Partially FullyOpen Open

TranspirationRate

Photosynthesis and Transpiration

High Rates of P/S are associated with high transpiration rates

Degree of Stomatal Opening

Closed Partially FullyOpen Open

Rate ofP/S

An Open Stomate

Guard cells

Pore

Chlorophyll: The Primary P/S Pigment

Pigments absorb light energy The color you see is the color that is

reflected White versus Black

Why is chlorophyll green?_____________ Would you expect green light to be an

effective color of light for P/S?

Accessory Pigments Absorb colors of light that?

Example: ___________

__________ Pigments

Stroma

Photosynthesisis a two stepprocess:

•The light reactions

• The dark rxns or the Calvin cycle

Photosynthesis is a Two Step Process

6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2

The Light Reactions: Light Dependant Photochemical

___________________________

The Light Independent or Dark Reactions _______________ Dependant Use the chemical energy created in the light

reactions to convert CO2 to glucose

The Dark Reactions

The Light Reactions

The Light and Dark Reactions

The Light Reactions occur on the ______

The Dark Reactions take place in the ________

The Light Reactions are Light Dependent

Light Intensity

Rate ofP/S

Light Saturation

Low Med High

Can you think of a habitator ecosystem where P/S might be limited?

The Dark Reactions are Temperature Dependent

Temperature

Rate ofP/S

Low Med High Extreme

What is beginning to happen here?

Can you think of a habitat or ecosystem where P/S might be limited?

ATP: The __________ Molecule

Energy from the sun is used tomake ATP

ATP is cellulargasoline.

ATP is made in the light reactions

The Light Reactions Photochemical: Light energy is

converted to chemical energy in the form of two high potential energy molecules.

H2O ½ O2

ATP

NADPH

The Light Reactions The Two High Potential Energy

Molecules Produced are: __________ __________

The Electron Source is?__________ When water gives up electrons

what waste product is produced?

______ Photosynthesis: The Normal Pathway

_______ Photosynthesis: Kranz Anatomy

__________ Anatomy

Note that thechloroplastsare in thecenter of theleaf

CAM Photosynthesis: Cacti and Other Succulents

Stomata closed ___________________

Take in CO2 at ________ and convert it into a 4C acid The 4C acid is a storage form of CO2

During the day, when the stomata are closed, the 4C acid releases CO2 to the Calvin-Benson Cycle (dark reaction)

What is the advantage of having the stomata open at night and closed during the day?

Pancake Cactus – A ____Succulent

GreenStem

____ P/s

Oxidation

Release of Energy (Burning Wood)

Loss of ?

Loss of a hydrogen

NADH2 (NADH) NAD + 2e- +

E

High P.E. Low P.E.

Reduction Requires Energy

Gain of an electron

Gain of a hydrogen

NAD + 2e- + E NADH2 (NADH)

½ O2 + 2e- H2O

Low P.E. High P.E.

ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate

ATP ADP + P + EHigh P.E. Low P.E.

Adenosine Triphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate

ADP + P + E ATP.

Eat Breathe Exhale

The Equation

Where does this take place in the cell?

I. Gycolysis

6 C – Glucose

2 (3C) – Pyruvic Acid

3C – Pyruvic Acid

III. Citric Acid Cycle

6 C – Citric Acid

2 C – Acetyl-CoA

4 C – OxaloaceticAcid

2 CO2

1 ATP1 ATP

2 ATP2 ATP

3 NADH2

1 FADH2

1 CO2

2 NADH2

1 NADH2

II. Transition Reaction

One turn per pyruvic acidthus 2 turns per glucose

(2 CO2 per glucose) (2 NADH2 per glucose)

Cytoplasm Mitochondria

NADH2

1 ATP1 ATP

1 FADH2

1 ATP1 ATP

1 ATP1 ATP

IV. Electron Transport Chain Cristae of Mitochondria

2e-

½ O2 H2O

(4 CO2 per glucose)

(2 ATP per Glucose)

(2 FADH2 per glucose)

(6 NADH2 per glucose)

Aerobic – What is thefinal electron acceptor?

Anaerobic

The Oxygen Limited PathwayHumans: Lactic Acid Production

I. Gycolysis

6 C – Glucose

2 (3C) – Pyruvic Acid 2 Lactic Acid

2 ATP2 ATP 2 NADH2

4e-

2 C3H4O3 2 C3H6O3

Sore Muscles

The Oxygen Limited PathwayYeast: Alcoholic Fermentation

I. Gycolysis

6 C – Glucose

2 (3C) – Pyruvic Acid 2 (2C)Ethyl Alcohol + 2 CO2

2 ATP2 ATP 2 NADH2

4e-

2 C3H4O3