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Physical activity level of the students
from the economic studies academy
Vol. VII• Nr. 2 • 2015 264
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVEL OF THE STUDENTS
FROM THE ECONOMIC STUDIES ACADEMY
Cristian RISTEA1
Abstract
Sports movement, as an instrument designed to increase the volume of physical activity for
the benefit people, turns out to be more important than any other social movement.
This paper aims to investigate the physical activity of students from E.S.A Bucharest and
also, through driving programs, to increase the level of student participation in motor
activities, both in physical education lessons, as well as in their leisure time.
The research methods which were the basis of this study are: bibliographic study, method
of observation, investigation procedure, statistical and mathematical method.
The results obtained from our data analysis certifies that sports activities have a positive
impact on young people, in point of raising the interest rate and in attending sports.
The quality of university physical education is not the motor activity, but how this activity is
performed, what are its objectives and the emphasis on formative training content value.
Keywords: Physical activity, students, academic cycle
JEL classification I12, I19, I20
1. Introduction
The 21st century society records great changes on several aspects of life, from
demographic dynamic to the subsequent development of communication
technology.
Physical education and sporting helps young people to develop motric, biological,
functional, mental and moral abilities through its functions and objectives. Thus,
the two activities have become indispensable in the process of harmonious
development of human personality. Influences of the two forms of motric activity
extend to the affective field, too, where they influence four emotional behaviors:
interests, motivations, attitudes and values (Dragnea, A. & colab., 2006, pp. 20-21).
Most of the studies and research aimed at young people's attitude in sports activity
have been carried out in universities. Each program of work has been designed to
increase the participation in sporting activities and to reduce the risk factors
(sedentary lifestyle and obesity). School environment and sports activity of free
time are the most conducive to implement this operation because school represents
an effective institution to promote programs of the pursuit of physical exercise with
1 The Bucharest University of Economic Studies, risteacristian163@gmail.com
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Vol. VII • Nr. 2 • 2015 265
a higher number of children and teenagers (Danish S., Taylor T.E., Fazio R., 2009,
pp. 119-123).
Motric activity (physical) is one of the forms of adaptation with which young
people unfold at the same time activities for exploration and knowledge. The
success of this construction and the models configured with the further
development of students are expressed by a superior psychomotricity which is
reflected in the fundament of a healthy lifestyle (Neacşu, I., 2010, pp. 247-248).
Purpose of the study
The purpose of this study is to identify physical activity level of young people in
the economic environment of university, as well as the frequency, the interest
shown by them in respect of constant physical activity.
Hypothesis
The completion of the study was based on the following assumptions: It is to be
assumed that sporting activities carried out within the framework of the physical
education lessons are enjoyed variable range of psycho-comportamental in the
direction of growth rate of interest and the pursuit of attending sports activities by
the young people.
2. Research methods
For the proper conduct of the study, there have been used the following methods of
research: bibliografic study, direct observation, investigation procedure,
experimental and the statistico-mathematic method.
3. The content of the experiment
In our experiment, we used independent variables, under experimental control,
with which they are linked changes studied in experiment, namely:
V1 = Programs of exercises for volleyball branch,
V2 = Programs of exercises for basketball branch
V3 = Programs of exercises specific to aerobics branch, carried out during the
physical education lessons.
3.1 Place and duration of the research
The research has been carried out during the period from 10 October 2014 to 10
May 2015, period which is associated with the academic year 2014/2015. The
study was carried out during the lessons of physical education and sports of E.S.A.
3.2 Subjects
In making the experimental groups participating in the conduct of research, we
opted for a random selection of 101 subjects, representing students of Business
Physical activity level of the students
from the economic studies academy
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Administration in Foreign Languages from the E.S.A, aged between 19 and 22
years. They formed three experimental groups, as follows: GE1 (volleyball), GE2
(basketball), GE3 (aerobics).
4. Overview of the questionnaire
The ALPHA- FIT questionnaire promoted by UKK Institute for Health Promotion
Research (Sunni, J., Husu, P. Rinne, M., 2009) and supported by the EU aimed to
know the level of physical activity of the subjects, reaching the following themes:
• Subjects' physical activity level
• Frequency of achieving physical activity
• Sports activities currently performed
• Interest in physical activity.
The questionnaire consists of 6 items, with closed answers, assisted-choice (Q1,
Q2, Q4, Q5, Q6) and open answers (Q3).
5. Results
The level of physical activity
Between the two tests, the physical level of the 3 experimental groups is considered
easy and very easy, the probability coefficient calculated using the Dependent
Student test showing significant differences, as follows (Table 1, Figure 1): GE1 –
t=-3.032, p= 0.006; GE2 – t=-2.962, p= 0.007;
GE3 – t=-6.603, p= 0.000.
On the final testing, the physical activity level of the respondents was evaluated as
being difficult (24%) in the case of the subjects from control group (GC) the value
of dependent t indicating an insignificant difference: t = 0.459, p = 0.650.
Table 1 Physical Activity Level
GE1-Volei GE2-Baschet GE3- GA GC (control)
TI TF TI TF TI TF TI TF
Total cases 26 26 26 26 26 26 25 25
Very easy Cases 13 16 5 6 2 2 8 0
% 50.0% 61.5% 19.2% 23.1% 7.7% 7.7% 32.0% 0.0%
Easy Cases 5 8 9 15 8 21 6 19
% 19.2% 30.8% 34.6% 57.7% 30.8% 80.8% 24.0% 76.0%
Hard Cases 7 2 10 5 14 3 9 6
% 26.9% 7.7% 38.5% 19.2% 53.8% 11.5% 36.0% 24.0%
Very hard Cases 1 0 2 0 2 0 2 0
% 3.8% 0.0% 7.7% 0.0% 7.7% 0.0% 8.0% 0.0%
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GE1-Volei GE2-Baschet GE3- GA GC (control)
TI TF TI TF TI TF TI TF
Total cases 26 26 26 26 26 26 25 25
Average score* 1.85 1.46 2.35 1.96 2.62 2.04 2.20 2.24
t dependent
Test
t calculated -3.032 -2.962 -6.603 0.459
p 0.006 0.007 0.000 0.650
* Scale 1-4: 1-very easy, 2-easy, 3-hard, 4-very hard
** Results by applying the Dependent Student test between initial testing and final
testing.
Figure 1 Level of physical activity of experimental and control groups
Frequency of achieving physical activity
On initial testing, the students of the four groups evaluated practiced physical
activities once (GE1-23.1%, GC-28%) or twice weekly (GE2-46.2% GE3-38.5%).
On the final testing the three experimental groups have significantly improved
their frequency of physical activity performed (Table 2).
Thus, in the case of the group GE1 (volleyball) we see an improvement in the
frequency of practicing physical activities, raising the average score of 1.31 (initial
testing) to 1.92 (final test); the group GE2 (basketball) it is observed an
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improvement in the average score of 1.62 (initial testing) to 2.12 (final test) and
GE3 (GA) found an improvement in the average score of 1.58 (initial testing) to
2.19 (final test ).
The probability coefficient calculated using Dependent Student test indicates
significant differences between the two tests so (Table 2, Fig. 2): GE1 (volleyball)
- t = 2.620, p = 0.015; GE2 (basketball) - t = 2.165, p = 0.040; GE3 (G. A.) - t =
2.863, p = 0.008.
Table 2 Frequency of physical activities
GE1
(volleyball)
GE2
(basketball) GE3 (G.A.) GC (control)
TI TF TI TF TI TF TI TF
Total cases 26 26 26 26 26 26 25 25
No
physical
activity
per week
Cases 9 2 2 1 1 0 5 0
%
34.6
% 7.7% 7.7% 3.8% 3.8% 0.0%
20.0
% 0.0%
Easy
physical
activity
performe
d once a
week
Cases 6 8 10 7 13 7 7 14
% 23.1
%
30.8
%
38.5
%
26.9
%
50.0
%
26.9
%
28.0
%
56.0
%
Twice a
week
Cases 8 11 12 12 10 13 8 8
%
30.8
%
42.3
%
46.2
%
46.2
%
38.5
%
50.0
%
32.0
%
32.0
%
At least
four
times a
week
Cases 3 5 2 6 2 6 5 3
%
11.5
%
19.2
% 7.7%
23.1
% 7.7%
23.1
%
20.0
%
12.0
%
Average Score 1.31 1.92 1.62 2.12 1.58 2.19 1.72 1.68
t
depende
nt test
t
calculated 2.620 2.165 2.863 -0.202
p 0.015 0.040 0.008 0.841
** Results by applying the Dependent Student test between initial testing and final
testing.
Significant difference between the two tests if p< 0.05
The interest in physical activity
On the final testing this interest has improved significantly in the three
experimental groups, more than half of the participants of these groups being very
interested in physical activity (Table 3, Fig. 2).
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The probability coefficient calculated using the Dependent Student test indicates a
significant difference between the two tests, in all three experimental groups, as
follows: GE1: t = -2.335, p = 0.028; GE2: t = 5.255, p = 0.000; GE3: t = -9.701, p
= 0.000.
Between the two tests, the control group (GC) has not reached a growth of the
interest in physical activity, the probability coefficient calculated using the
Dependent Student test, indicating an insignificant difference: t = -0.227, p =
0.822.
Table 3 The interest in physical activity
GE1 GE2 GE3 GC
TI TF TI TF TI TF TI TF
Total cases 26 26 26 26 26 26 25 25
Very interested Cases 11 15 6 17 1 17 7 7
%
42.3
%
57.7
%
23.1
%
65.4
%
3.8
%
65.4
%
28.0
%
28.0
%
Somewhat
interested
Cases 13 11 18 9 17 9 4 15
%
50.0
%
42.3
%
69.2
%
34.6
%
65.4
%
34.6
%
16.0
%
60.0
%
Not interested Cases 2 0 2 0 8 0 14 13
%
7.7
%
0.0
%
7.7
%
0.0
%
30.8
%
0.0
%
56.0
%
52.0
%
Average score* 1.65 1.42 1.85 1.35 2.27 1.35 2.28 2.24
t dependent test
t
calculate
d -2.335 -5.255 -9.701 -0.227
p 0.028 0.000 0.000 0.822
*Scale 1-3: 1- Very interested, 2- somewhat interested, 3- not interested.
** Results by applying the Dependent Student test between initial testing and final
testing.
Significant difference between the two tests if p< 0.05.
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42.3%
57.7%
23.1%
65.4%
3.8%
65.4%
28.0%28.0%
50.0%
42.3%
69.2%
34.6%
65.4%
34.6%
16.0%60.0%
7.7% 7.7%
30.8%
56.0%
52.0%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
TI TF TI TF TI TF TI TF
GE1 GE2 GE3 GC
Care este interesul dv. ca activitatea fizică să fie regulată în viaţa dv.?
Nu sunt interesat
Oarecum interesat
Foarte interesat
Baza: total respondenţi
Figure 2 The interest in physical activity
Conclusions
Following the results obtained through the Alpha Fit questionnaire, we indicate an
improvement of the following variables "level of physical activity" of research
subjects in all three experimental groups (GE1, GE2, GE3) carrying out physical
activity more easily, "frequency of practicing physical activity" in final testing, an
increase of average scores at all three experimental groups, "interest in physical
activity" has improved significantly in the three experimental groups, more than
half of the participants of these groups were very interested in physical activity.
We conclude that the hypothesis with the statement: "It is believed that sports
activities carried out under the physical education lessons are variable moderating
of the psycho-behavior in the direction of growing the rate of interest and the
pursuit of motor activities by young people" has been confirmed.
Physical Education and Sport, through its positions in terms of human formation,
gives individual benefits in terms of personal development, development of socio-
cultural values and personal character, concentrating primarily on the areas of
prosocial behavior.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Dragnea, A., și colab., 2006. Educație Fizică și Sport – teorie și didactică,
București: Ed. FEST
2. Danish S., Taylor T.E., Fazio R., 2009. În Adams, G., Berzonsky, M., 2009.
Psihologia adolescenței – Manualul Blackwell, București: Ed. Polirom
3. Neacșu, I., 2010. Introducere în psihologia educației și a dezvoltării,
București: Ed. Polirom
4. Sunni, J., Husu, P., Rinne, M., 2009. Fitness for Health: The Alpha-Fit Test
Baterry for Adults Aged 18-19, Tester’s Manual, Tamper, Finland