Post on 16-Oct-2021
transcript
Who better to study disease than those who know it intimately?
PHYSICIAN-SCIENTIST [MD/PHD]
A phys ic ian sc ient ist i s a unique c l in ic ian who is par t o f a smal l cadre of
phys ic ians who usual ly work in academic heal th sc ience centers and have a h igh
impact on heal th care through d iscover y, t rans lat ional and c l in ical research,
and c l inica l pract ice . A phys ician sc ient is t in Pathology and Laboratory Medic ine
is a laborator y phys ic ian who is t ra ined in both sc ient i f ic b iomedical
invest igat ion and in pathology and/or laborator y medic ine, o f ten wi th c l in ica l
subspecia l ty t ra in ing.
On one hand, the phys ic ian sc ient ist br ings the r igors of sc ient i f ic invest igat ion
into the pat ient care arena and on the other, the phys ic ian sc ient is t ’s contact
with d isease br ings c l in ical ly re levant quest ions into the research arena to dr ive
invest igat ions into pathogenesis , prevent ion, d iagnosis , prognosis , and
t reatment of d isease.
WHAT IS A PHYSICIAN SCIENTIST?
asip.org/CareerPath/
P r i n c e t o n U n i v e r s i t y L e c t u re r w i t h r a n k o f P r o f e s s o r i n M o l e c u l a r B i o l o g y a n d P u b l i c P o l i c y , W o o d r o w W i l s o n S c h o o l
M D f r o m t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f C a i r o i n 1 9 6 3
P h D f r o m t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f L o n d o n , S c h o o l o f H y g i e n e a n d T r o p i c a l M e d i c i n e i n 1 9 7 1
E l e c t e d t o m e m b e r s h i p o f t h e A m e r i c a n S o c i e t y f o r C l i n i c a l I n v e s t i g a t i o n i n 1 9 7 8 , t h e A s s o c i a t i o n o f A m e r i c a n P h y s i c i a n s i n 1 9 8 0 a n d t h e I n s t i t u t e o f M e d i c i n e o f t h e N a t i o n a l A c a d e m y o f S c i e n c e s i n 1 9 8 7 .
R e c e i v e d t h e B a i l e y K . A s h f o r d A w a r d o f t h e A m e r i c a n S o c i e t y o f T r o p i c a l M e d i c i n e a n d H y g i e n e i n 1 9 8 3 , a n d t h e S q u i b b A w a r d o f t h e I n f e c t i o u s D i s e a s e s S o c i e t y o f A m e r i c a i n 1 9 8 4 .
F e l l o w o f t h e A m e r i c a n C o l l e g e o f P h y s i c i a n s a n d a m e m b e r o f t h e E x p e r t A d v i s o r y P a n e l o n P a r a s i t i c D i s e a s e s o f t h e W o r l d H e a l t h O r g a n i z a t i o n .
MEET ADEL MAHMOUD, MD, PHD P H Y S I C I A N . S C I E N T I S T . P R O F E S S O R . M E N T O R .
S e r v e d o n t h e N a t i o n a l A d v i s o r y A l l e r g y a n d I n f e c t i o u s D i s e a s e s C o u n c i l a n d i s a p a s t p r e s i d e n t
o f t h e C e n t r a l S o c i e t y f o r C l i n i c a l R e s e a r c h a n d t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l S o c i e t y f o r I n f e c t i o u s D i s e a s e s .
C u r r e n t l y s e r v i n g a s a m e m b e r o f t h e N a t i o n a l S c i e n c e A d v i s o r y B o a r d f o r B i o s e c u r i t y a n d
C o m m i t t e e o n S c i e n t i f i c C o m m u n i c a t i o n s a n d N a t i o n a l S e c u r i t y ( C S C A N S) o f t h e N a t i o n a l
A c a d e m y o f S c i e n c e s
R e s e a r c h - g l o b a l h e a l t h : i n f e c t i o u s d i s e a s e ; b u r d e n o f i l l n e s s ; e x p a n d i n g t h r e a t ; v a c c i n e s a n d
c o n t r o l s t r a t e g i e s
R e s e a r c h f o c u s , s e l e c t e d p u b l i c a t i o n s , h o n o r s a n d a w a r d s … i t ’ s a l l i n t h e d e t a i l s !
What is i t…
MD/PhD programs provide t ra ining in both medic ine and research. They are spec i f ica l ly des igned for those who want to become research phys icians , a lso known as phys ic ian - invest igators or phys ic ian -sc ient ists . Graduates of MD/PhD programs of ten go on to become faculty members at medical schools , univers i t ies and research inst i tutes .
Regardless of where they eventual ly work , MD/PhD candidates are being prepared for careers in which they wi l l spend most of thei r t ime doing research, in addi t ion to car ing for pat ients . The MD/PhD dual career i s busy, chal lenging, rewarding, and of fers oppor tunit ies to do good for many people by advancing knowledge, developing new t reatments for d iseases , and pushing back the boundar ies of the unknown.
The h is tory…
MD/PhD t ra ining was a natura l outcome of the ‘ integrated' medical school curr iculum establ ished by Western Reser ve Univers i ty School o f Medic ine in the mid 1950s under the leadership of Joseph T. Wearn , MD, Professor of Medic ine and Dean of the SOM. This novel cur r iculum encouraged combined MD/PhD t ra in ing and inc luded: 1 ) Bas ic sc ience and c l in ica l teaching that inter faced and coordinated throughout the 4 -year MD program; 2) ‘E lect ive ' and unscheduled t ime reser ved dur ing the f i r s t two years of medical school for s tudents to pursue thei r own interests ; 3 ) Complet ion of a research pro ject was a requi rement for the MD degree; 4) Basic sc ience and c l inical facul ty cooperated enthusiast ical ly to make the integrated cur r iculum a success .
THE MD/PHD
students-residents.aamc.org/choosing-medical-career/careers-medical-research/md-phd-dual-degree-training/
You can exper ience the pass ion of so lv ing a pat ient 's medical
s t ruggles whi le pursuing research that may def ine the
mechanism of that pat ient ’s d isease and may u l t imately
t rans late into a c l in ical cure for the d isease .
MD-PhD t ra inees are research sc ient is ts who so lve
mechanisms under lying d isease, combined wi th thei r pass ion
to t reat pat ients in a c l in ical set t ing.
MD-PhD t ra ining ef f ic ient ly integrates the sc ient if ic and
medical educat ion of the phys ic ian -sc ient is t .
During the PhD t ra ining years MD -PhD students take the
coursework and formal t ra in ing in research methodology that
are impor tant for the development of the research sc ient ist .
Most MD-PhD programs provide t ra inees a s t ipend and tu i t ion
scholarships . Th is f inancia l suppor t recognizes the t ime that
a s tudent must spend in t ra in ing for the MD -PhD career. The
extent of f inancia l suppor t var ies among programs and may
only suppor t U .S . c i t izens and permanent res idents .
WHY PURSUE AN MD/PHD?
students-residents.aamc.org/choosing-medical-career/article/why-pursue-md-phd/
Most MD/PhD candidates earn thei r PhD in b iomedical laborator y d isc ipl ines such
as cel l b io logy, b iochemistr y, genet ics , immunology, pharmacology, phys iology,
neuroscience, or b iomedical eng ineer ing. The names of depar tments and graduate
programs var y f rom school to school . At some schools , MD/PhD t ra inees can a lso
do thei r g raduate work outside of the laboratory d isc ipl ines in f ie lds such as
computat ional b io logy, economics , ep idemiology, heal th care po l icy, anthropology,
soc iology, or the h istor y of medic ine. D i f ferences as to which graduate degree
programs are of fered and the qual i ty o f these programs are impor tant e lements to
cons ider in apply ing for MD/PhD t ra ining.
AREAS OF RESEARCH INTEREST FOR MD/PHD
sciencemag.org/careers/2011/06/questions-and-answers-pursuing-md-phd
Prec l in ical (years 1 -2 )
Medical sciences and explore research opportunities (lab rotations)
Research (years 3 -6) Complete PhD Degree
Conduct thesis research with opportunity for clinical experiences
Cl in ical (5 -7 or 6 -8 ) Complete MD Degree
Clinical clerkships
Additional research experiences
Each MD/PhD program offers unique research opportunities
The PhD is awarded in a wide var iety of d isc ipl ines
MD/PHD CURRICULUM IS A CONTINUUM
aamc-orange.global.ssl.fastly.net/production/media/filer_public/db/ca/dbca84bc-47d2-480d-8269-1e4e9da38476/mdphd_isitrightforme.pdf
Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons
Harvard Medical School
Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
Stanford University School of Medicine
Yale School of Medicine
WHERE THE TIGER MD/PHDS ARE
8
5
4
4
4
3
3
BAYLOR
Neuroscience
CHICAGO-PRITZKER
History of Medicine
COLUMBIA
Neurobiology & Behavior
HARVARD/MIT/OXFORD
Chemical Biology
NORTHWESTERN
Biomedical Engineering
PENN
Anthropology
PITT
Clinical & Translational Science
UCLA/CALTECH
Bioengineering
UNIVERSITY OF UTAH
Bioengineering
YALE
Neuroscience
EXAMPLES OF PRINCETON ALUMNI IN MD/PHD PROGRAMS
Additional schools where Princeton alums are pursuing the MD/PhD include Case Western, Cornell, Duke, Emory, Hofstra, Illinois, Johns Hopkins, Keck
USC, Miami, Michigan, Mt. Sinai, NYU, Ohio State, Penn State, Rochester, Stanford, Tufts, UCSD, UNC, UVA, Vanderbilt, Wash U
MD/PhD programs are spec i f ica l ly des igned for those who want to become research
phys ic ians , a lso known as phys ic ian -sc ient ists . Graduates of MD/PhD programs
of ten go on to become faculty members at medical schools , univers i t ies , and
research inst i tutes such as the Nat ional Inst i tutes of Heal th . MD/PhD candidates
are being prepared for careers in which they wi l l spend most of thei r t ime doing
research in addi t ion to car ing for pat ients . I t i s c r i t ica l that appl icants have a
passion for do ing both — most MD/PhD graduates feel s t rongly that they would not
be fu l f i l led by only pursuing medic ine or only pursuing sc ience.
FINDING THE RIGHT FIT
aamc-orange.global.ssl.fastly.net/production/media/filer_public/b4/d0/b4d07f37-cab2-4691-ba75-bf5738a60d5c/applymd-phd.pdf
I learned about the Amer ican Phys ic ian Sc ient ists Associat ion in my junior year of co l lege when I at tended the fa l l reg ional meet ing at the Icahn School o f Medic ine. I enjoyed hear ing about the many d iverse research quest ions tackled by the at tending phys ic ian sc ient ists —such exposure was scarce at Pr inceton Univers i ty due to i ts lack of a medical school . The workshop on MD/PhD programs led by Dr. Skip Brass , d i rector of the Universi ty of Pennsy lvania ’s MSTP, was par t icular ly useful to me as I thought about my future as a phys ician sc ient is t . The reg ional meet ing mot ivated me to s tar t an APSA local chapter at Pr inceton.
The APSA local chapter gave Pr inceton students access to a vast set of educat ional and networking resources . The local chapter inv i ted phys ic ian sc ient is ts f rom several neighbor ing medical
schools for d inner d iscussions on phys ic ian sc ient is t careers and MD/PhD program admissions . Wi th a t ravel g rant f rom APSA , our chapter was a lso able to send four s tudents to the 2015 Annual Meet ing. The Annual Meet ing, w i th i ts many keynote speakers and workshops, showed me how valuable APSA can be, and together wi th the other APSA events that I par t ic ipated in , so l id if ied my dec is ion to apply to MD/PhD programs. I am now a f i r s t year in the Univers i ty o f Pennsy lvania 's MSTP and am proud to be one of Penn’s inst i tut ional representat ives, through which I hope to cont inue expanding APSA’s reach to budding phys ician sc ient is ts .
KEVIN ZHANG’S SUCCESS THROUGH APSA
Kevin Zhang ‘16
physicianscientists.org/page/NewsEvent3
AAM C M D - P h D Du a l Deg r ee Tr a in in g :
s t u d en t s - r es id ent s . a am c .o r g/ c ho os in g - m ed ica l - ca ree r/ ca r ee r s - m ed ic a l - r esear c h/ m d - p hd -d u a l -
d eg r ee - t r a in in g /
Wo r k sh o p s fo r P ro sp ec t i ve P h D a n d M D- P h D A p p l i c a nt s :
s t u d en t s - r es id ent s . a am c .o r g/ c ho os in g - m ed ica l - ca ree r/ a r t i c le/wo rk sh op s - p ro sp ec t i ve -m d ph d -
a p p l i c a n ts /
M D - P h D: I s i t R ig h t fo r M e?
a a m c - o r a n g e . g lob a l . ss l . fa s t l y.n et /p ro du c t ion /m ed ia / f i le r _p u b l ic / d b/ ca /d bc a8 4bc -47d 2 -480d -
8 2 69 - 1e4e9d a 38476/m d p hd _ is i t r i gh t fo r m e .p df
A A M C L i s t o f M D/ P h D P ro g r a m s B y S t a te :
s t u d en t s - r es id ent s . a am c .o r g/ ap p ly ing - m ed ic a l - sc h o o l/a r t i c le/ m dp h d - d eg r ee -p ro gr a m s - s t a te/
S u m m er Un d er g r a d Resea r c h S p o n so r ed by M D/ P h D S c h o o ls :
a a m c . o r g / m em b er s/ g r ea t /169782/ m dp h dsu m m erp ro gr a m s . ht m l
N a t io n a l I n s t i t u tes o f H ea l t h M S TP Over v iew :
n ig m s . n ih . gov/Tr a in in g/ In s t P r ed o c /P r edo cOver v iew - M ST P.h t m
A m er ic a n P hy s i c ia n S c ien t i s t A sso c ia t io n :
p hy s i c ian sc ien t i s t s . o r g /
FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION