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Undulator Systems Review, March 3 - 4, 2004Undulator Systems Review, March 3 - 4, 2004 Heinz-Dieter Nuhn, SLAC / SSRLHeinz-Dieter Nuhn, SLAC / SSRL
Physics Performance DetailsPhysics Performance Details Nuhn@slac.stanford.eduNuhn@slac.stanford.edu
Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation LaboratoryStanford Linear Accelerator Center
Physics Performance DetailsHeinz-Dieter Nuhn, SLAC / SSRL
March 3, 2004
Physics Performance DetailsHeinz-Dieter Nuhn, SLAC / SSRL
March 3, 2004
Undulator OverviewUndulator Overview FEL Performance AssessmentFEL Performance Assessment Recent Undulator Parameter ChangesRecent Undulator Parameter Changes
Undulator OverviewUndulator Overview FEL Performance AssessmentFEL Performance Assessment Recent Undulator Parameter ChangesRecent Undulator Parameter Changes
Undulator Systems Review, March 3 - 4, 2004Undulator Systems Review, March 3 - 4, 2004 Heinz-Dieter Nuhn, SLAC / SSRLHeinz-Dieter Nuhn, SLAC / SSRL
Physics Performance DetailsPhysics Performance Details Nuhn@slac.stanford.eduNuhn@slac.stanford.edu
Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation LaboratoryStanford Linear Accelerator Center
Linac Coherent Light Source
Near Hall
Far Hall
Undulator
Undulator Systems Review, March 3 - 4, 2004Undulator Systems Review, March 3 - 4, 2004 Heinz-Dieter Nuhn, SLAC / SSRLHeinz-Dieter Nuhn, SLAC / SSRL
Physics Performance DetailsPhysics Performance Details Nuhn@slac.stanford.eduNuhn@slac.stanford.edu
Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation LaboratoryStanford Linear Accelerator Center
UNDULATOR
3,400 496
11,915 mm
Weak Horizontal Steering Coil
Weak Vertical Steering Coil
Beam Position Monitor
723 mm
Wire/OTR Region
Quadrupoles
LCLS Undulator Schematic (Regular Section)LCLS Undulator Schematic (Regular Section)LCLS Undulator Schematic (Regular Section)LCLS Undulator Schematic (Regular Section)
131,120 mmTotal Lattice Length
Total Device Length130,397 mm
Undulator Systems Review, March 3 - 4, 2004Undulator Systems Review, March 3 - 4, 2004 Heinz-Dieter Nuhn, SLAC / SSRLHeinz-Dieter Nuhn, SLAC / SSRL
Physics Performance DetailsPhysics Performance Details Nuhn@slac.stanford.eduNuhn@slac.stanford.edu
Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation LaboratoryStanford Linear Accelerator Center
Undulator Performance RequirementsUndulator Performance Requirements
ParameterParameter SymbolSymbol TargetTarget
(Nom.)(Nom.)UnitsUnits ToleranceTolerance
((criticalcritical))
Effective Undulator ParameterEffective Undulator Parameter KK 3.6303.630 ±0.015 ±0.015 %%
Average Gap HeightAverage Gap Height gg 6.56.5 mmmm
Average Period LengthAverage Period Length uu 30.0030.00 mmmm ±0.03±0.03
Wiggle PlaneWiggle Plane horizontalhorizontal ——
Trajectory Straightness ToleranceTrajectory Straightness Tolerance xx 22 mm ——
Segment Phase Slippage ToleranceSegment Phase Slippage Tolerance 1010 degreesdegrees ——
Undulator Systems Review, March 3 - 4, 2004Undulator Systems Review, March 3 - 4, 2004 Heinz-Dieter Nuhn, SLAC / SSRLHeinz-Dieter Nuhn, SLAC / SSRL
Physics Performance DetailsPhysics Performance Details Nuhn@slac.stanford.eduNuhn@slac.stanford.edu
Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation LaboratoryStanford Linear Accelerator Center
Tolerance Analysis: Tolerance Analysis: RONRONR. Dejus, N. VinokurovR. Dejus, N. VinokurovTolerance Analysis: Tolerance Analysis: RONRONR. Dejus, N. VinokurovR. Dejus, N. Vinokurov
Undulator Systems Review, March 3 - 4, 2004Undulator Systems Review, March 3 - 4, 2004 Heinz-Dieter Nuhn, SLAC / SSRLHeinz-Dieter Nuhn, SLAC / SSRL
Physics Performance DetailsPhysics Performance Details Nuhn@slac.stanford.eduNuhn@slac.stanford.edu
Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation LaboratoryStanford Linear Accelerator Center
Trajectory Straightness RequirementTrajectory Straightness RequirementTrajectory Straightness RequirementTrajectory Straightness Requirement
Preserve transverse overlap between beam and Preserve transverse overlap between beam and radiationradiation => Tolerance for betatron amplitude < 8 => Tolerance for betatron amplitude < 8 m (beam radius m (beam radius
dep.)dep.)
Avoid longitudinal phase slippage between beam and Avoid longitudinal phase slippage between beam and radiationradiation
=> Tolerance for rms phase shake 10 degrees per module=> Tolerance for rms phase shake 10 degrees per module
=> Equivalent tolerance for rms electron beam straightness 2 => Equivalent tolerance for rms electron beam straightness 2 m m
Preserve transverse overlap between beam and Preserve transverse overlap between beam and radiationradiation => Tolerance for betatron amplitude < 8 => Tolerance for betatron amplitude < 8 m (beam radius m (beam radius
dep.)dep.)
Avoid longitudinal phase slippage between beam and Avoid longitudinal phase slippage between beam and radiationradiation
=> Tolerance for rms phase shake 10 degrees per module=> Tolerance for rms phase shake 10 degrees per module
=> Equivalent tolerance for rms electron beam straightness 2 => Equivalent tolerance for rms electron beam straightness 2 m m
Undulator Systems Review, March 3 - 4, 2004Undulator Systems Review, March 3 - 4, 2004 Heinz-Dieter Nuhn, SLAC / SSRLHeinz-Dieter Nuhn, SLAC / SSRL
Physics Performance DetailsPhysics Performance Details Nuhn@slac.stanford.eduNuhn@slac.stanford.edu
Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation LaboratoryStanford Linear Accelerator Center
Beam Based Alignment Tolerances (Paul Emma)Beam Based Alignment Tolerances (Paul Emma)
0.040.04
44
100100
100100
22
Undulator Systems Review, March 3 - 4, 2004Undulator Systems Review, March 3 - 4, 2004 Heinz-Dieter Nuhn, SLAC / SSRLHeinz-Dieter Nuhn, SLAC / SSRL
Physics Performance DetailsPhysics Performance Details Nuhn@slac.stanford.eduNuhn@slac.stanford.edu
Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation LaboratoryStanford Linear Accelerator Center
Undulator Type planar hybridMagnet Material NdFeBWiggle Plane horizontalGap 6.5 mmPeriod Length 3.0 cmEffective On-Axis Field 1.296 TK 3.630
Module Length 3.40 mNumber of Modules 33Undulator Magnet Length 112.2 m
Break Length 49.6 - 49.6 - 72.3 cmTotal Device Length 130.4 m
Lattice Type FODOMagnet Type permanentNominal Magnet Length 5 cmQF Gradient 60 T/mQD Gradient -60 T/mAverage Function at 1.5 Å (14.09 GeV) 30 mAverage Function at 15. Å (4.46 GeV) 8.9 mLowest Usable Energy 1.84 GeV
Undulator Type planar hybridMagnet Material NdFeBWiggle Plane horizontalGap 6.5 mmPeriod Length 3.0 cmEffective On-Axis Field 1.296 TK 3.630
Module Length 3.40 mNumber of Modules 33Undulator Magnet Length 112.2 m
Break Length 49.6 - 49.6 - 72.3 cmTotal Device Length 130.4 m
Lattice Type FODOMagnet Type permanentNominal Magnet Length 5 cmQF Gradient 60 T/mQD Gradient -60 T/mAverage Function at 1.5 Å (14.09 GeV) 30 mAverage Function at 15. Å (4.46 GeV) 8.9 mLowest Usable Energy 1.84 GeV
Summary of Nominal Undulator ParametersSummary of Nominal Undulator Parameters
Undulator Systems Review, March 3 - 4, 2004Undulator Systems Review, March 3 - 4, 2004 Heinz-Dieter Nuhn, SLAC / SSRLHeinz-Dieter Nuhn, SLAC / SSRL
Physics Performance DetailsPhysics Performance Details Nuhn@slac.stanford.eduNuhn@slac.stanford.edu
Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation LaboratoryStanford Linear Accelerator Center
LCLS Operating Points for 1 nC Bunch Charge (New)LCLS Operating Points for 1 nC Bunch Charge (New)
LCLS Operating Point at LCLS Operating Point at 1.5 Å1.5 ÅLCLS Operating Point at LCLS Operating Point at 1.5 Å1.5 Å
Operating PointOperating Point Operating PointOperating Point
Undulator Systems Review, March 3 - 4, 2004Undulator Systems Review, March 3 - 4, 2004 Heinz-Dieter Nuhn, SLAC / SSRLHeinz-Dieter Nuhn, SLAC / SSRL
Physics Performance DetailsPhysics Performance Details Nuhn@slac.stanford.eduNuhn@slac.stanford.edu
Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation LaboratoryStanford Linear Accelerator Center
LCLS Operating Points for 1 nC Bunch Charge (New)LCLS Operating Points for 1 nC Bunch Charge (New)
LCLS Operating Point at LCLS Operating Point at 15 Å15 ÅLCLS Operating Point at LCLS Operating Point at 15 Å15 Å
Operating PointOperating PointOperating PointOperating Point
Undulator Systems Review, March 3 - 4, 2004Undulator Systems Review, March 3 - 4, 2004 Heinz-Dieter Nuhn, SLAC / SSRLHeinz-Dieter Nuhn, SLAC / SSRL
Physics Performance DetailsPhysics Performance Details Nuhn@slac.stanford.eduNuhn@slac.stanford.edu
Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation LaboratoryStanford Linear Accelerator Center
Vacuum Chamber WakefieldsVacuum Chamber Wakefields
Predicted LCLS Current ProfilePredicted LCLS Current Profile
b=2.5 mmb=2.5 mmcopper surfacecopper surfacels=20 microns, hrms=100 nmls=20 microns, hrms=100 nmg_eff=12.3 mm, l_module=3.5 mg_eff=12.3 mm, l_module=3.5 m
Energy ChangeEnergy Change
rmsrms
meanmean
Undulator Systems Review, March 3 - 4, 2004Undulator Systems Review, March 3 - 4, 2004 Heinz-Dieter Nuhn, SLAC / SSRLHeinz-Dieter Nuhn, SLAC / SSRL
Physics Performance DetailsPhysics Performance Details Nuhn@slac.stanford.eduNuhn@slac.stanford.edu
Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation LaboratoryStanford Linear Accelerator Center
Relative Wakefield ContributionsRelative Wakefield Contributions
keV/m mean rms mean rms b=2.5 mm
RS -167.403 221.8906 100.0% 100.0% copper surface
GS -8.3186 18.5874 5.0% 8.4% ls=50 microns, hrms=100 nm
SM 0.0000 0.0000 0.0% 0.0% ls=50 microns, hrms=100 nm
GO -17.9418 6.2529 10.7% 2.8% g_eff=12.3 mm, Lmodule=3.5 m
Total -193.664 226.6923 115.7% 102.2%
keV/m mean rms mean rms b=2.5 mm
RS -167.403 221.8906 100.0% 100.0% copper surface
GS -32.6213 77.733 19.5% 35.0% ls=20 microns, hrms=100 nm
SM -0.1846 0.5117 0.1% 0.2% ls=20 microns, hrms=100 nm
GO -17.9418 6.2529 10.7% 2.8% g_eff=12.3 mm, Lmodule=3.5 m
Total -218.151 250.3583 130.3% 112.8%
ResistiveResistive
SurfaceSurfaceRoughnessRoughness
GeometricGeometric
ResistiveResistive
SurfaceSurfaceRoughnessRoughness
GeometricGeometric
Undulator Systems Review, March 3 - 4, 2004Undulator Systems Review, March 3 - 4, 2004 Heinz-Dieter Nuhn, SLAC / SSRLHeinz-Dieter Nuhn, SLAC / SSRL
Physics Performance DetailsPhysics Performance Details Nuhn@slac.stanford.eduNuhn@slac.stanford.edu
Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation LaboratoryStanford Linear Accelerator Center
Longitudinal Aspect Ratios for Surface Roughness WakefieldsLongitudinal Aspect Ratios for Surface Roughness Wakefields
Aspect Ratio = Aspect Ratio =
Relative Contribution of Relative Contribution of Roughness Wakefield is Roughness Wakefield is small for Aspect Ratios > small for Aspect Ratios > 200200
Threshold for Noticeable Threshold for Noticeable Contribution is Describable Contribution is Describable by Aspect Ratioby Aspect Ratio
Aspect Ratio = Aspect Ratio =
Relative Contribution of Relative Contribution of Roughness Wakefield is Roughness Wakefield is small for Aspect Ratios > small for Aspect Ratios > 200200
Threshold for Noticeable Threshold for Noticeable Contribution is Describable Contribution is Describable by Aspect Ratioby Aspect Ratio
0
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500
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700
800
0 100 200 300 400 500
Rougness Period [microns]
RM
S R
ou
gh
nes
s A
mp
litu
de
[nm
]
Aspect Ratio 500
0
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300
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0 100 200 300 400 500
Rougness Period [microns]
RM
S R
ou
gh
nes
s A
mp
litu
de
[nm
]
Aspect Ratio 500
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0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Aspect Ratio
Mea
n a
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RM
S W
akef
ield
(s)
[kV
/m]
-mean
rms
fit
0
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0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Aspect Ratio
Mea
n a
nd
RM
S W
akef
ield
(s)
[kV
/m]
-mean
rms
fit
rmsh
/2
Constant rmsConstant rms
Undulator Systems Review, March 3 - 4, 2004Undulator Systems Review, March 3 - 4, 2004 Heinz-Dieter Nuhn, SLAC / SSRLHeinz-Dieter Nuhn, SLAC / SSRL
Physics Performance DetailsPhysics Performance Details Nuhn@slac.stanford.eduNuhn@slac.stanford.edu
Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation LaboratoryStanford Linear Accelerator Center
Workshop on Undulator ParametersWorkshop on Undulator Parameters
LCLS Undulator Parameter WorkshopChaired by
Heinz-Dieter Nuhn (SLAC)
Dates
October 24, 2003
Location
APS, Argonne, USA
Workshop RecommendationsWorkshop Recommendations
•Set Undulator PeriodSet Undulator Period•Reduction of maximum available linac energyReduction of maximum available linac energy•Undulator gap height increaseUndulator gap height increase•Longer break distancesLonger break distances•Weaker FODO latticeWeaker FODO lattice
Undulator Systems Review, March 3 - 4, 2004Undulator Systems Review, March 3 - 4, 2004 Heinz-Dieter Nuhn, SLAC / SSRLHeinz-Dieter Nuhn, SLAC / SSRL
Physics Performance DetailsPhysics Performance Details Nuhn@slac.stanford.eduNuhn@slac.stanford.edu
Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation LaboratoryStanford Linear Accelerator Center
Undulator ReviewUndulator Review
LCLS Undulator Review
Chaired by
Kem Robinson (LBNL)
Dates
November 13, 2003
Location
APS, Argonne, USA
Review Recommendations related to K Review Recommendations related to K adjustmentsadjustments
•Canted Undulator Poles instead of Comb DeviceCanted Undulator Poles instead of Comb Device
Undulator Systems Review, March 3 - 4, 2004Undulator Systems Review, March 3 - 4, 2004 Heinz-Dieter Nuhn, SLAC / SSRLHeinz-Dieter Nuhn, SLAC / SSRL
Physics Performance DetailsPhysics Performance Details Nuhn@slac.stanford.eduNuhn@slac.stanford.edu
Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation LaboratoryStanford Linear Accelerator Center
Diagnostics and Commissioning WorkshopDiagnostics and Commissioning Workshop
LCLS Diagnostics and Commissioning WorkshopChaired by
Heinz-Dieter Nuhn (SLAC)
Dates
January 19-20, 2004
Location
UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
http://ssrl.slac.stanford.edu/lcls/undulator/meetings/2004-01-19_diagnostics_comissioning/
Workshop RecommendationsWorkshop Recommendations
• No X-Ray Diagnostics in break sectionsNo X-Ray Diagnostics in break sections• Use X-Ray Diagnostics Down Stream of UndulatorUse X-Ray Diagnostics Down Stream of Undulator• Use trajectory distortion method to characterize Use trajectory distortion method to characterize
FEL radiation vs. z. FEL radiation vs. z. • Investigate Use of Spontaneous Radiation to Investigate Use of Spontaneous Radiation to
Characterize Undulator PerformanceCharacterize Undulator Performance
• Commissioning StepsCommissioning Steps•Spontaneous Radiation CharacterizationSpontaneous Radiation Characterization•15 Angstrom FEL Characterization15 Angstrom FEL Characterization•Shorter Wavelength FEL CharacterizationShorter Wavelength FEL Characterization
Undulator Systems Review, March 3 - 4, 2004Undulator Systems Review, March 3 - 4, 2004 Heinz-Dieter Nuhn, SLAC / SSRLHeinz-Dieter Nuhn, SLAC / SSRL
Physics Performance DetailsPhysics Performance Details Nuhn@slac.stanford.eduNuhn@slac.stanford.edu
Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation LaboratoryStanford Linear Accelerator Center
Measurement of SASE Gain along the undulatorMeasurement of SASE Gain along the undulatorMeasurement of SASE Gain along the undulatorMeasurement of SASE Gain along the undulator
GENESIS Simulations by Z. HuangGENESIS Simulations by Z. HuangGENESIS Simulations by Z. HuangGENESIS Simulations by Z. Huang
Undulator Systems Review, March 3 - 4, 2004Undulator Systems Review, March 3 - 4, 2004 Heinz-Dieter Nuhn, SLAC / SSRLHeinz-Dieter Nuhn, SLAC / SSRL
Physics Performance DetailsPhysics Performance Details Nuhn@slac.stanford.eduNuhn@slac.stanford.edu
Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation LaboratoryStanford Linear Accelerator Center
Spontaneous vs. FEL RadiationSpontaneous vs. FEL Radiation -1--1-
Figure by S. ReicheFigure by S. ReicheFigure by S. ReicheFigure by S. Reiche
Undulator Systems Review, March 3 - 4, 2004Undulator Systems Review, March 3 - 4, 2004 Heinz-Dieter Nuhn, SLAC / SSRLHeinz-Dieter Nuhn, SLAC / SSRL
Physics Performance DetailsPhysics Performance Details Nuhn@slac.stanford.eduNuhn@slac.stanford.edu
Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation LaboratoryStanford Linear Accelerator Center
Spontaneous vs. FEL Radiation Spontaneous vs. FEL Radiation -2--2-
Figure by S. ReicheFigure by S. ReicheFigure by S. ReicheFigure by S. Reiche
Undulator Systems Review, March 3 - 4, 2004Undulator Systems Review, March 3 - 4, 2004 Heinz-Dieter Nuhn, SLAC / SSRLHeinz-Dieter Nuhn, SLAC / SSRL
Physics Performance DetailsPhysics Performance Details Nuhn@slac.stanford.eduNuhn@slac.stanford.edu
Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation LaboratoryStanford Linear Accelerator Center
Spontaneous vs. FEL Radiation Spontaneous vs. FEL Radiation -3--3-
Figure by S. ReicheFigure by S. ReicheFigure by S. ReicheFigure by S. Reiche
Undulator Systems Review, March 3 - 4, 2004Undulator Systems Review, March 3 - 4, 2004 Heinz-Dieter Nuhn, SLAC / SSRLHeinz-Dieter Nuhn, SLAC / SSRL
Physics Performance DetailsPhysics Performance Details Nuhn@slac.stanford.eduNuhn@slac.stanford.edu
Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation LaboratoryStanford Linear Accelerator Center
Baseline Parameter ChoicesBaseline Parameter ChoicesBaseline Parameter ChoicesBaseline Parameter Choices
Minimal Performance ConfigurationMinimal Performance ConfigurationCanted poles with fixed offset for setting K in the MMF only Canted poles with fixed offset for setting K in the MMF only BPMs and quads fixed to the undulator strongbackBPMs and quads fixed to the undulator strongbackNo remote K adjustmentNo remote K adjustmentNo roll away undulatorsNo roll away undulators5 degrees of freedom remote motion control for the Quadrupole-5 degrees of freedom remote motion control for the Quadrupole-Undulator-BPM unitUndulator-BPM unitHorizontal gapHorizontal gapPermanent magnet quadrupolesPermanent magnet quadrupolesHydrostatic Leveling System (HLS), Wire position monitor (WPS)Hydrostatic Leveling System (HLS), Wire position monitor (WPS)
Possible enhancement (design revisions)Possible enhancement (design revisions)Remotely controlled K adjustment, preferably without requiring Remotely controlled K adjustment, preferably without requiring undulator motion.undulator motion.Roll-away capabilityRoll-away capabilityElectromagnetic quads or coils on permanent magnet quads to Electromagnetic quads or coils on permanent magnet quads to measure the beam position relative to the quadrupole centermeasure the beam position relative to the quadrupole center
Minimal Performance ConfigurationMinimal Performance ConfigurationCanted poles with fixed offset for setting K in the MMF only Canted poles with fixed offset for setting K in the MMF only BPMs and quads fixed to the undulator strongbackBPMs and quads fixed to the undulator strongbackNo remote K adjustmentNo remote K adjustmentNo roll away undulatorsNo roll away undulators5 degrees of freedom remote motion control for the Quadrupole-5 degrees of freedom remote motion control for the Quadrupole-Undulator-BPM unitUndulator-BPM unitHorizontal gapHorizontal gapPermanent magnet quadrupolesPermanent magnet quadrupolesHydrostatic Leveling System (HLS), Wire position monitor (WPS)Hydrostatic Leveling System (HLS), Wire position monitor (WPS)
Possible enhancement (design revisions)Possible enhancement (design revisions)Remotely controlled K adjustment, preferably without requiring Remotely controlled K adjustment, preferably without requiring undulator motion.undulator motion.Roll-away capabilityRoll-away capabilityElectromagnetic quads or coils on permanent magnet quads to Electromagnetic quads or coils on permanent magnet quads to measure the beam position relative to the quadrupole centermeasure the beam position relative to the quadrupole center
Undulator Systems Review, March 3 - 4, 2004Undulator Systems Review, March 3 - 4, 2004 Heinz-Dieter Nuhn, SLAC / SSRLHeinz-Dieter Nuhn, SLAC / SSRL
Physics Performance DetailsPhysics Performance Details Nuhn@slac.stanford.eduNuhn@slac.stanford.edu
Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation LaboratoryStanford Linear Accelerator Center
ConclusionsConclusions
Requirements for LCLS undulator are well Requirements for LCLS undulator are well establishedestablished
LCLS undulator performance requirements are well LCLS undulator performance requirements are well understoodunderstood
Risks have been assessed and undulator Risks have been assessed and undulator specifications address the riskspecifications address the risk
Small parameter adjustments are being made asSmall parameter adjustments are being made asthe undulator design goes into greater detail and the undulator design goes into greater detail and commissioning procedures are being worked out.commissioning procedures are being worked out.
Requirements for LCLS undulator are well Requirements for LCLS undulator are well establishedestablished
LCLS undulator performance requirements are well LCLS undulator performance requirements are well understoodunderstood
Risks have been assessed and undulator Risks have been assessed and undulator specifications address the riskspecifications address the risk
Small parameter adjustments are being made asSmall parameter adjustments are being made asthe undulator design goes into greater detail and the undulator design goes into greater detail and commissioning procedures are being worked out.commissioning procedures are being worked out.
Undulator Systems Review, March 3 - 4, 2004Undulator Systems Review, March 3 - 4, 2004 Heinz-Dieter Nuhn, SLAC / SSRLHeinz-Dieter Nuhn, SLAC / SSRL
Physics Performance DetailsPhysics Performance Details Nuhn@slac.stanford.eduNuhn@slac.stanford.edu
Linac Coherent Light Source Stanford Synchrotron Radiation LaboratoryStanford Linear Accelerator Center
End of Presentation