Physics SP Skills Unit -...

transcript

Hustle and go get your book because you need it today!

You are to write a Eulogy for their Maniken that FILLS the space provided.

A Eulogy is a well-crafted speech about the

Maniken’s life. Use your imagination and put some effort into

it! Things they may include is a life sketch, funny stories, accomplishments, etc.

This will be due at the end of the Digestive Unit!

After the video you will be using what you learned and pages 664-667 (and glossary) in your text to answer the following questions:

1. List and define the following general functions of the digestive system: digestion, ingestion, propulsion, absorption, and defecation/excretion.

2. Explain the difference between mechanical and chemical digestion. Give an analogy for each type that you might see in your everyday activities.

3. Explain the difference(s) in function between the structures of the alimentary canal and the accessory organs of the digestive system.

Unit Cat Title Page #

Comp Check

Due Date

10 Act Digestion Video and Day 1 Notes 3/30

Digestion – mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods into forms that cell membranes can absorb.

Ingestion – Taking food into the body by way of the mouth.

Propulsion – movement of food (peristalsis) through the alimentary canal.

Absorption – the taking of substances by cells across membranes.

Defecation/Excretion – discharge of feces from the rectum; elimination of metabolic wastes such as urine.

Mechanical Digestion – breaking large pieces of food into smaller ones, without changing their chemical composition.

Chemical Digestion – breaks food into simpler chemicals – using chemicals.

Alimentary canal structures are what the food moves through from mouth to anus, and accessory structures are those that provide chemicals to help break down and absorb the food.

Cracker Example! No mechanical digestion please!

Add to your notes please:

Your saliva has an enzyme called salivary amylase in it. Which type of macromolecule does it break down?

It begins the breakdown of carbohydrates, specifically starch into a smaller carb called maltose.

This game will review the organs of the digestive system and their functions. You will be given a few minutes to study figure 17.1 in your text before we play!

(Game is based on Ms. May’s post-it game

that we played to learn the Pathway of Breathing in the Respiratory Unit).

Comp Check

Due Date

10 Act Alimentary Canal & Accessory Structure Game

Kk K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K k

K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K

Kkkk K K K K K K Kk K K K Kk K K K K Kk K K K

Kkkk K K K K K K Kk K K K Kk K K K K Kk K K

Use your text Chapters 1 & 2, your lab books Units 1 and M1, and what you have learned this year to complete the Unit 1 Review that is posted in the Homework Section on my webpage.

*You must either print off and attach the

assignment or write each question down and answer it in your lab book.

Comp Check

Due Date

10 HW Unit 1 Body Plan & Organization Review 3/22 3/30

I will be checking for completion of your Unit 1 homework during the payday!

Today you will be working on three projects at your own pace, the only rule is that you have to check each off with me before the end of class for points!

See next 3 slides for descriptions of each

project!

Comp Check

Due Date

10 Act Tooth Anatomy, Digestive Verb Song, Stomach Anatomy

1. Tape or staple the Anatomy of a Tooth figure provided into your lab book.

2. Go to your Maniken Cupboard in the lab and use the clay and tools to make a 3-D model of the Anatomy of a Tooth Figure provided (color picture is found on page 672 in your text).

Make sure ALL DEFINED PARTS are shown on your clay model. If you want to work on it

with a partner you are welcome to.

Objective: Write a song using the digestive verbs provided (see next slide).

Requirements 1. Must use all the digestive process verbs that

we cover correctly. 2. Each person in your group must have a

singing part (dancing not required, but highly recommended).

3. Must be funny. *Extra credit will be given for those who make a

music video for your songs!

Mastication – breaking down food by chewing it.

Deglutition – swallowing food and moving it to the esophagus.

Maceration – mixing waves in stomach to mix food with gastric juice.

Segmentation – contractions of small intestine to mix food with digestive juices.

Haustral Churning – contractions in large intestines that move food.

Peristalsis – general term for muscular contractions in alimentary canal that propel food down it.

Sketch and label figure 17.17b (p. 679) in your lab book.

Answer the following questions below the figure using pages 677-678 in your text:

1. What are the 4 main regions of the stomach?

2. What are rugae, and when do they disappear in the stomach?

3. Once it receives food from the esophagus, what does the stomach do with it?

It turns out that it is fun to sing about digestive processes!

Everthing Comes Down to Poo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jsVgi8hoFFc

&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1

Use your text Chapters 2, your lab books Units 2&3 and M1, and what you have learned this year to complete the Unit 2 Review that is posted in the Homework Section on my webpage.

*You must either print off and attach the

assignment or write each question down and answer it in your lab book.

Comp Check

Due Date

10 HW Unit 2 Body Chemistry Review 3/26 3/30

I will be by to check your Unit 2 Body Chemistry Review!!!

Comp Check

Due Date

10 Act Gastric Juice, Pancreatic Juice, and Bile 3/30

•Made up of three basic components: pepsin, hydrochloric acid, and Mucus

Gastric Juice

Pepsin •Enzyme that facilitates the chemical digestion of proteins.

Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)

•Strong acid; provides environment for pepsin to work properly.

Mucus •Thick, sticky substance which helps protect the lining of the stomach.

We will pair up for these notes! Sit next to your partner! Procedure: 1. Watch the you tube clip on pancreatic function

(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jOH2MU00g1M or http://www.argosymedical.com/Digestive/samples/animations/Dual%20Roles%20of%20the%20Pancreas/index.html)

2. Write down everything you remember about the pancreas.

3. Share this information with your partner and vice versa.

4. Working together write a 35+ word summary on the function of the pancreas (must be in both books!)

•Greenish fluid produced by the liver.

•Stored in the gall bladder.

•Released into the small intestine when stimulated by the presence of fat.

•Bile breaks fat into smaller pieces mechanically. This is called EMULSIFICATION.

•Other enzymes called LIPASES break fat down chemically.

Procedure:

1. Take a plastic plate.

2. Pour milk to cover the bottom of the plate and then some (The milk will represent fat in the intestine).

3. Add 4 different drops of food coloring to the middle of the milk (food coloring is used as an indicator).

4. Take a cotton swab and dip it into the dish soap (represents bile).

5. Dip cotton swab into the middle of the four colors or one color at a time (represents bile coming in contact with fat).

6. Observe!

Answer in your lab book:

Explain, in 3 or more complete sentences, why this is a good demonstration for how bile emulsifies fat.

Use time to finish any of the three projects you may not have completed last class – penalty free.

You may also make up points on your payday today by singing your digestive verb song for the class!

Please use this opportunity to catch up on missing homework or to finish any of the 3 projects we did in class in our last period together!

*Be sure to show me ASAP any homework or

projects you may be missing thus far!

Comp Check

Due Date

10 HW No Homework Tonight!

Mastication – chewing

Maceration – muscular waves in the stomach which mix food with gastric juice to form a liquid paste called chyme.

Segmentation – Short, small mixing movements of the alimentary canal. Rate of about 12 - 16 contractions/minute

Sloshing of chyme back and forth within the intestinal lumen

Peristalsis – wave-like smooth muscle contractions which help to propel food and wastes along the alimentary canal.

Haustral Churning – movement of wastes along the large intestine by the contraction of the pouches or the haustra.

Use the Cornell Note Taking method to

Identify the basic components (and their functions) of gastric juice (P.678-681).

Use the following as your key points: Pepsin Hydrochloric Acid Mucus

Due Date

10 HW 1/11: Basic Components of Gastric Juice 1/26

Day 4 (1/13/11)

Comp Check

Due Date

10 Act Small & Large Intestine Anatomy 3/29

•Completes chemical digestion and absorbs nutrients. Made up of 3 Sections.

Small Intestine

Duodenum •1st section – about 14 inches long. Most of chemical digestion.

Jejunum •2nd Section – 8 feet long. Most nutrient absorption occurs here.

Ileum •3rd Section – 12 feet long. Nutrient absorption.

•Absorbs water, vitamins, and electrolytes. Produces Vitamin K, forms feces, removes feces.

Large Intestine

6 Major Parts of Large Intestine

•Ascending Colon, Transverse Colon, Descending Colon, Sigmoid Colon, Rectum, Anus

Cecum •Beginning of large intestine, connected to Small Intestine by the ileocecal valve. Appendix is attached to it.

Let’s use this video of an appendectomy! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AEFbse0

_iBE&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1

Procedure: 1. Cut out your puzzle pieces and write the

names of the gray-boxed out anatomy in pencil or pen on the back side of the paper behind the gray box.

2. Place them in the envelope. 3. Pull them out and put them together as fast

as you can. 4. Name each labeled part correctly. 5. Fastest Wins!

Research the following for each disease:

1) Define/describe the disease or disorder. Sketching or printing a picture will be extra credit.

2) What are its symptoms? 3) How is it treated? 4) Is it communicable –

meaning can it be passed from person to person.

Disorders and Diseases:

•Appendicitis •Cirrhosis •Colorectal cancer •Gallstones •Hepatitis •Obesity •Ulcers

Comp Check

Due Date

10 Act Digestive Diseases and Disorders! 3/29

Study for your Digestive Exam Next Time!!!

Go to the exam section of my website for some study helps!

Comp Check

Due Date

10 Act Study for Digestive Exam! 3/29

Complex series of chemical events that results in the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

Result of the collective effort of pancreatic juice, bile, and intestinal juice which contain digestive enzymes

Results in absorption - passage of digested nutrients into the blood or lymph

90% of absorption takes place within the small intestine

Remaining 10% occurs in the stomach and large intestine

Absorption of nutrients occurs through the villi by means of:

diffusion - facilitated diffusion

osmosis - active transport

About 1.5 m (5 ft) in length Cecum - beginning of the large intestine Vermiform appendix

Colon - large tube-like portion of large intestine Ascending colon - Transverse colon

Descending colon - Sigmoid colon Rectum Anal Canal Anus

Completion of absorption

Reabsorption of water

Manufacture of certain vitamins

Formation of feces

Expulsion of feces from the body

Last stage of digestion

Due to bacterial action in the large intestine

Bacteria ferment any remaining carbohydrates and release hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and methane gas

Also converts any remaining proteins into amino acids

Absorbs any remaining water and electrolytes

By the time chyme has remained in the large intestine for 3 - 10 hours it has become a solid or semi-solid and is known as feces

Consists of water, inorganic salts, sloughed off epithelial cells, products from bacterial decomposition, and indigestible parts of food

The emptying of the rectum

Diarrhea - frequent defecation of liquid feces

Constipation - infrequent or difficult defecation

No homework today! Use the long weekend

to catch up on anything you have not completed yet!

Due Date

10 HW 1/13: No Homework Today 1/26

Day 5 (1/18/11)

Let’s use this video to review some of what we learned last time.

Research the following for each disease:

1) Define/describe the disease or disorder. Sketch or print a picture if possible.

2) What are its symptoms? 3) How is it treated? 4) Is it communicable –

meaning can it be passed from person to person.

Due Date

10 D5 Digestive D5#4: Diseases & Disorders of the Digestive System

Disorders and Diseases:

•Appendicitis •Cirrhosis •Colorectal cancer •Gallstones •Hepatitis •Obesity •Ulcers

A body mass index over 30 is an indicator of obesity.

1. Divide your weight in lbs by 2.2. This gives

you your weight in kilograms (kg). 2. Multiply your height in inches by .0254.

This gives you your height in meters (m). 3. Body mass index is calculated by: kg/m2

Let’s begin our study of the pancreas by

singing!

Pancreas Video by Weird Al Yankovic

Due Date

10 Act Pancreas 1/26

Let’s begin our study of the pancreas by singing!

Pancreas Video

Oblong gland that lies posterior to the greater curvature of the stomach

Connected by ducts to the duodenum Two main types of Pancreatic Cells:

Pancreatic Islets-Islets of Langerhans (1%)

▪ Key Hormones: ▪ Insulin (lowers blood sugar)

▪ Glucagon (raises blood sugar)

Acini Cells (99%)

▪ Release Digestive pancreatic enzymes

Alkaline mixture of fluid and digestive enzymes from the acini cells

Pancreatic digestive enzymes:

Pancreatic amylase - carbohydrate digestion

Pancreatic lipase - fat digestion

Chymotrypsin-Trypsin-Carboxypeptidase - protein digestion

Nucleases - nucleic acid digestion

Regulated by the intestinal hormones secretin and cholecystokinin

Via the Internet, access this website on the effects of alcohol on digestion:

http://www.montana.edu/wwwai/imsd/alcohol/Vanessa/vwgitract.htm

After reading and digesting the page’s content, write a 100 word* summary about the effects of alcohol on digestion.

*100 words is not that much so don’t copy large portions of what you read, tell me about what left an impression on you!

Due Date

10 HW 1/18: Effects of Alcohol on Digestion 1/26

Day 5 (1/18/11)

As you watch the activity of each mouse, lets list what we observe and then make some inferences on why the mouse is behaving that way.

Let’s see what your pre-conceived notions about alcohol are!

Stand up if you agree, stay sitting if you disagree!

Due Date

10 Act Pathway of Alcohol in the Body 1/26

Pre-assessment

A. Agree B. Disagree

TRACE THE PATHWAY OF ALCOHOL FROM INGESTION TO ECRETION

Where does alcohol go once it enters your body?

How does you body process/digest alcohol? What organs are involved in processing

alcohol? How is alcohol removed from the body?

http://www.alcoholmonitoring.com/static/videos/product/how-does.html?keepThis=true&TB_iframe=true&height=525&width=640

What body system does alcohol affect where the results are quickly visible to others?

Nervous System

How did the alcohol get into the nervous system?

Blood transportation

How did alcohol get into the blood?

Absorption/digestion by the stomach and other digestive organs

How was the alcohol absorbed into the blood?

Diffusion, active transport, osmosis properties

Why does alcohol affect the CNS?

Some drugs mimic or block the molecules involved in communication between cells and therefore affect operations of the brain and body.

The rate at which alcohol enters the bloodstream is dependent on the amount of alcohol consumed, the concentration of alcohol in the beverage, the type of drink, how quickly it was consumed, body weight of person consuming it, and whether the stomach is full or empty.

1. Mouth 2. Stomach

a. Needs no digestion; alcohol will just absorb into the bloodstream through the stomach lining.

b. 20% of alcohol absorbed in stomach

c. Dependent on the amount of food in stomach and the amount and rate at which the alcohol is ingested.

3. Small Intestines

a. Absorption in upper portion through the walls of the small intestines into the bloodstream.

b. 80% of alcohol absorbed in small intestines.

4. Heart

a. Pumps blood throughout the body with alcohol in it.

b. Goes to the brain and causes CNS responses.

1. Liver

a. Detoxifies (oxidation) the alcohol at a rate of 0.5 ounces (15 ml) an hour.

b. Responsible for eliminating 90% of alcohol ingested.

c. Alcohol is changed first into acetaldehyde (a poison), then to acetic acid and finally into water, carbon dioxide and energy.

Liver: ▪ (1). If more alcohol arrives than can be broken down the

alcohol will travel to all parts of the body, through the blood-stream, and affect various organs of the body.

▪ (2). The byproduct of detoxification of alcohol is fatty acids. Fatty acids clog the liver and kill liver cells. This leads to permanent liver damage.

d. Blood alcohol content (BAC) increase when the body absorbs alcohol faster than it eliminates it.

2. Lungs

a. Expel alcohol through the process of exhalation.

b. Accounts for 1-5% of excretion of alcohol.

3. Kidneys

a. Excretes alcohol through the urine.

b. Accounts for up to 10% of excretion of alcohol.

4. Skin

a. Excretes alcohol through sweat.

b. Accounts for <.5% of excretion of alcohol.

In this activity we will study the effects of alcohol metabolism over time between a mouse that was given no alcohol vs a mouse that was given alcohol.

http://www.ias.org.uk/resources/factsheets/crime.pdf : study in UK with alcohol and crime: 70% of crime audits published in 1998 and 1999 identified alcohol as an issue, involving young males, typically 18-30, but increasingly, also young females, The Police Superintendents2 have advised that alcohol is present in half of all crime,

over one-third (37%) of offenders had a current problem with alcohol use

a similar proportion (37%) had a problem with binge drinking

nearly half (47%) had misused alcohol in the past 32% had violent behavior related to their alcohol use

Research5 has found that alcohol had been consumed prior to the offence in nearly three-quarters (73%) of domestic violence cases and was a ‘feature’ in almost two-thirds (62%). Furthermore, almost half

(48%) of these convicted domestic violence offenders were alcohol dependent.

(UK) alcohol is a factor in: 60-70% of homicides 75% of stabbings 70% of beatings 50% of fights and domestic assaults a minimum of 77 alcohol-related assaults present to

emergency departments in Scotland every day.

Your digestive exam is on Monday!

Study up!

Hint: Make sure all your homework is complete before the exam

Due Date

10 HW 1/20: Study for Exam! 1/26

Unit Cat Title Page Due Date

10 D5 4 of 4 Digestive Daily 5 Quiz Scores Recorded 1/26

10 HW 1/5: Function of Bile 1/26

10 HW 1/7: Anatomy of a Tooth 1/26

10 Act Digestive Process Verb Song 1/26

10 HW 1/11: Basic Components of Gastric Juice 1/26

10 Act Autopsy Video: Small & Large Intestine 1/26

10 Act Pancreas 1/26

10 HW 1/18: Effects of Alcohol on Digestion 1/26

10 Act Pathway of Alcohol in the Body 1/26

Physics SP Skills Unit -...

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