MYSTERIOUS PINEAL GLAND

BY::: SABINA TIMALSINA

&MEESANG SUBBA

(202)

PINEAL GLAND??????

-a small endocrine gland in the vertebrate brain

PHYSICAL CHARACTERSTICS ::• Color :: Reddish grey•It is larger in children, but shrinks with the onset of puberty•In adults, it weighs a bit more than 0.1 grams and is about 0.8 cm long•Lacks a blood-brain barrier, therefore, receives blood, oxygen, & nutrients through a rich vascular network

EPONYMS..!!!

• BIOLOGICAL CLOCK

• EPIPHYSIS

• EPIPHYSIS CEREBRI

• CONARIUM

• A THIRD-EYE

WHY PINEAL GLAND

Its shape resembles a tiny pine cone (hence its name)

The Pineal Gland

. It is stimulated by nerves from the eyes.

WHERE????

-attached to the roof of the third ventricle of the brain, beneath the posterior end of the corpus callosum

WHERE????

FUNCTIONS OF PINEAL GLAND

Melatonin: The Pineal Gland Hormone

• Circadian Rhythm

• Reproduction

REPRODUCTION

• blocks the secretion of gonadotropins (lH & FSH)

from anterior pituitary gland.

• These hormones aid in the proper development and functioning of the ovaries and testes.

DON’T CONFUSE..!!

MELATONIN WITH MELANIN!!!!!

MELATONIN

• special because its secretion is dictated by light

• Natural Sleeping Tablet

MELATONIN VS TIME

MELATONIN VS AGE

CICARDIAN CYCLE..!!

Circadian rhythms are physical, mental and behavioral changes that follow a roughly 24-hour cycle, responding primarily to light and darkness in an organism's environment.

BIOLOGICAL CLOCK & CIRCADIAN CYCLE----SAME??

• Related but not same..!!!• Our biological clocks drive

our circadian rhythms.

BIOLOGICAL CLOCK

The biological clocks that control circadian rhythms are groupings of interacting molecules in cells throughout the body. A "master clock" in the brain coordinates all the body clocks so that they are in synch.

MASTER CLOCK

The "master clock" that controls circadian rhythms consists of a group of nerve cells in the brain called the suprachiasmatic nucleus, or SCN. The SCN contains about 20,000 nerve cells and is located in the hypothalamus, an area of the brain just above where the optic nerves from the eyes cross.

DISORDER..!!!

JET LAGJet lag occurs when travelers suffer from disrupted circadian rhythms. When you pass through different time zones, your body's clock will be different from your wristwatch. For example, if you fly in an airplane from California to New York, you "lose" 3 hours of time. So when you wake up at 7:00 a.m., your body still thinks it's 4:00 a.m., making you feel groggy and disoriented. Your body's clock will eventually reset itself, but this often takes a few days.

DISORDERS..!!

Delayed Circadian Rhythm Disorder

• DCR constitutes a mismatch between you external and internal clocks. Your internal clock runs slower than a normal circadian rhythm which is a 24-hour period so your body doesn't 'wake up' until later in the morning or day.

• When its time to wake up, your body clock believes it’s only midnight and is still producing the nighttime hormones.

DELAYED CIRCADIAN RHYTHM DISORDER

As a result:::::

DELAYED CIRCADIAN RHYTHM DISORDER

Symptoms:::::• Difficulty falling and staying asleep,

and or late night insomnia.

• A general lack of energy in the morning.

• An increase of energy/mood in the evening or late at night.

• Difficulty concentrating, being alert, or accomplishing tasks

• Some DCR sufferers oversleep and have trouble getting up

ADVANCED CIRCADIAN RHYTHM DISORDER (ACR)

• opposite of DCR• With ACR, your internal body clock is running

faster than a normal circadian rhythm.

ADVANCED CIRCADIAN RHYTHM DISORDER

As a result:::::

ADVANCED CIRCADIAN RHYTHM DISORDER

Symptoms:::::• Early morning awakening and/or

early morning Insomnia• Inconsistent sleep with one or more

awake periods during the night• Lack of energy during the day,

feeling tired in the early afternoon and/or evening

• Alertness and ability to function may also be diminished

• Some ACR sufferers may not notice a sleep problem but lose energy and feel tired or down in the afternoon or evening time.

CALCIFICATION OF PINEAL GLAND

This calcification process is caused by constant exposure to substances like fluoride which build up in the body over time.

• Toothpaste,• public water systems, • hormones,• food additives, • excess sugar and sweeteners in your diet

or even regular exposure to cell phones has been linked to the phenomenon of calcifying the pineal gland.

CALCIFICATION OF PINEAL GLAND

CORPUS PINEALE

Эпифиз. Дольки (окраска гематоксилином и эозином): 1 - долька; 2 – соединительнотканные междольковые септы; 3 - эпифизарные конкреции; 4 - кровеносные сосуды

PRODUCTS rich with triptophan ( amino acid-

a substrate of melatonin)):

chesse, yogurt,banana, finics, milk, sesamum

.

70% of melatonin are secreted at night; at the same time, the injections of melatonin can postpone ageing...

i.e, the one who sleeps less ages fast..

MELATONIN increases immunity and prevents tumors. 

EPIPHYSIS & AGEINGEPIPHYSIS & AGEING

CONTROVERSIAL ::: THIRD - EYE

CONTROVERSIAL ::: THIRD - EYE

Many different cultures talk about our “third eye,” and modern theories suggest that this may be a reference to the pineal. Even more peculiar is the fact that pineal gland symbology can be traced to many civilizations such as the Romans, Mexicans, Egyptians, Babylonians and the Greeks.

WATER AGAMA :.

BULL FROG.

Third eye (теменной) — is unpaired, light sensitive organ of some FISHES , AMPHIBIANS

&REPTILES…

(8th centuryBC :: Ayurveda)

FUNCTIONS:•Percepts intensity and direction of the light;•Percepts magnetic field of the earth;•Works as endocrine gland;•Regulates daily and yearly carcadian rhythm of all other endocrine glands;•Participates in temperature regulation.

HAS: :: Retina, optic nerve and lens derivative

HAS NO: Iris, eyelids and eyeball muscles.

Development of third-eye

LESS SECRETION OF MELATONIN::VITILIGAEXCESS SECRETION OF

MELATONIN :: HYPERPIGMENTAITON

EFFECTS OF MELATONIN –

• Lack of melatonin causes early PUBERTY

THANK-YOU