PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS

Early Scientists’ Contributions: Record notes on pages 2 and 3

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

• First compound light microscope

Robert Hooke• Coined the

term “cell”

Matthias Schlieden

• All plants are made of cells

Theodor Schwann• All animals are

made of cells

Rudolf Virchow• Cells can only

arise from pre-existing cells

Cell Theory

1. All organisms are made up of one or more cells.

2. The cell is the basic unit of organization of all organisms.

3. All cells come from other cells all ready in existence.

Cross Section of an Animal Cell: paste on page 6

Cross Section: Animal Cell

Plant Cell Cross Section: Record on page 7

Plant Cell

Cell Functions

CELL WALL: PLANT

• Function: Gives the cell most of its support and structure

• A thick, rigid membrane that surrounds a plant cell

• Bonds with other cell walls to form the structure of the plant

CELL MEMBRANE

• Function:Semi permeable, allowing some substances to pass into the cell and blocking others.

• Thin layer of protein and fat that surrounds the cell

   

Chloroplast

• Function: Where photosynthesis takes place

• An elongated or disc-shaped organelle containing chlorophyll

Cytoplasm• Function:

Where the organelles are located.

• The jellylike material outside the cell nucleus.

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

• Function:transports materials through the cell

• Rough ER is covered with ribosome's that give it a rough appearance

Golgi Bodies• Function:

Golgi bodies are the packaging and secreting organelles of the cell.

• Are stacks of membrane-covered sacs that package and move proteins to the outside of the cell.

Lysosome• Function:

Where the digestion of cell nutrients takes place

• Also called cell vesicles

• Spherical organelles surrounded by a membrane

• They contain digestive enzymes

Mitochondria• Functions:

Where energy is released.

• Spherical to rod-shaped organelles with a double membrane

• Membrane is folded many times, forming a series of projections (called cristae)

 

Nucleus:The Manager• Function:

Controls many of the functions of the cell

• Spherical body containing many organelles, including the nucleolus

• Contains DNA (in chromosomes)

• Surrounded by the nuclear membrane

Ribosome's• Function:

Small structures in the cytoplasm that create proteins.

• Ribosome's are either free floating in the cytoplasm of a cell or attached to endoplasmic reticulum in a cell.

Vacuole• Function:

Like your suitcase, a vacuole is a temporary storage space for the cell.

• Fluid-filled, membrane-surrounded cavities inside a cell

• Fills with food being digested and waste material that is on its way out of the cell

Edible Plant and Animal Cells

More Edible Cells

Material Suggestions• pieces each of round and square bread (cell)• honey (cytoplasm)• Marshmallows (vacuoles) – 1 large white for

plant, 5 small yellow for animal• Straight Pretzels (cell wall)• Wrapped Hard Candies (nucleus) • jelly beans (mitochondria)• green Marshmallows (chloroplasts)• Twizzlers (Endoplasmic Reticulum)• Smarties (Golgi Bodies)• Gum Drops (Lysosomes)• jar of Sprinkles (Ribosomes)• aluminum foil (cell membrane)