Plant Taxonomy AHS Agriculture. Warm-up SLM and KUD.

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Plant Taxonomy

AHS Agriculture

Warm-up

• SLM and KUD

Lesson Essential Question

• How do we order plants/flowers from other countries?

Plant Taxonomy

• Most plants have more then one name–EX: Snake Plant/Mother in Laws

Tongue–Tiger lily/adder’s tongue/yellow

snowdrop

Plant Taxonomy

• Some plants have same common name, different plant

• What do we do?

Binomial System of Naming Plants

• Carolus Linnaeus simplified system to two names• Two latin names

• First name generic name belong to same genus• Second name specific name

belong to same species• Same species- have same

characteristics & produces plants of same type

• Species may have varieties• Resemble other, but 1 or 2

differences• EX: peach tree- prunus persica

nectarine- prunus persica var. nucipersica

• Cultivar- cultivated variety– EX: Red Maple – Acer rubrum–Cultivars are ‘Red Sunset’ &

‘Autumn Flame’

• Generic name- noun• Species name- adjective • Common generic names:– acer (maple), chrysanthemum

(mum), dianthus (pink), hibiscus (mallow), pelargonium (geranium)

• Species name- important info,• Colors- betula lutea- yellow birch• Betula alba – white birch• Quercus rubra- red oak• Juglans nigra- black walnut

• Creeping or erect: –Epigaea repens- trailing arbutus

• Geographical info: –Anemone Virgiana- Virginia

anemones–Taxus canadensis- Canadian yew

• Size:–Macro-large–Micro- small–Macrophylla- large leaves–Microphylla- small leaves–Philadelphus microphyllus-little leaf

mock orange

• Benefit- universal language• Can order from anywhere

Activity

• Work on worksheet, use computer or books to answer questions. 15 minutes. • Choose a collection, fill in the

information on the form. Complete 2, 30 minutes

Exit Question

• Answer LEQ and turn in bin: • How do we order plants/flowers

from other countries?

Plant Families/Scientific Name Rules

AHS Agriculture

Warm-up

• Why do we use scientific names in the horticulture industry?

• What are the rules for scientific names?

Plant Families

• Related genera (pl. genus) with similar flower structures are grouped together into major units known as families

Plant Families

• Simple flower- separated flowers –Rose- pistil, stamen, petal, sepal•Rosaceae – genera- prunus (plum) ,

fragaria (strawberry), rubus (bramble), and malus (apple)

Plant Families

• Tube flower- petals fused to form corolla tube–Solanaceae family-•Genera solanum (potato), petunia, & nicotiana (tobacco)

Plant Families

• Composite flower- two kinds of flowers packed together to form a single head or “flower.” Outer flowers (ray flowers) have large or small petals, inner flowers (disk flowers) always have small petals.

Plant Families

• Composite flower- –Asteraceae includes- aster,

artemisia (silver mound), helianthus (sunflower), chrysanthemum, achillea (yarrow), senecio (cineraria), calendula (pot marigold)

Plant Families

• Other families: • Brassicaceae (cabbage) • Apiaceae (carrot or umbellifer)• Papaveraceae (poppy)• Liliaceae (lily) • Poaceae (grass)

Scientific Name rules

• Latin names in italics• why? • Language other then own• Generic name written first, then

species name & last cultivar (cv.)

• Generic name capital letter & species with small letter• Cultivar preceded by letters cv.

Or enclosed with single quotes (‘Red sunset’) with first letter capital

• When # of species belong to same genus, generic name abbreviated to first capital letter• EX: Red Maple- A. rubrum• International set of rules known

as International Code of Botanical Nomenclature

Taxonomy Chart

• Kingdom-Plant• Division/Phylum- spermatophyta

(seed plants) • Class- angiosperm (seeds in fruit)• Order- acerales• Family- aceraceae

Taxonomy Chart

• Genus- acer• Species- rubrum• Variety or cultivar- var. ‘October

Glory”

Taxonomy Chart

• Taxonomists- scientists who ID & classify plants

Botanical Mounts

• Create 5 Botanical mounts using purchased plants- 25 minutes• Examine and correctly label 5

plants- explain how you know where to place them- 25 minutes

Exit Question

• Answer LEQ and turn in bin: • What are the rules for scientific

names?

Annual Plants

AHS Agriculture

Warm-up

• What can botanical mounts be used for?

• What is an annual plant?

Annual

• Plants that complete their life cycle in 1 year• Plants start from seed, grows,

blooms, set seed & dies in 1 season• EX: vegetable & flower plants

(bedding plants)

Annual • Flowering annuals- grown to

accent & lend color to landscapes• Usually started from seed indoors

& transplanted into garden • Most popular- marigold, petunia,

zinnia, ageratum, celosias, coleus, portulaca, pansies, & snapdragon

Flowering Annual

• Uses- provides color around house, foundation, in flower beds/in front of evergreens, fill spaces between shrubs, give color , supply cut flowers, plant along fences/walks, etc• Others?

Annual

• Consider when picking plants: –Purpose of plants–Where to be planted–Height–Keep shorter plants in front–Select colors that blend well

Annual

• When allow to set seed, causes strength to be taken from plant & reduced blooming

Annual

• Create Brochure with pictures & highlights of annuals • 30 minutes

Exit Question

• Answer LEQ and turn in bin: • What is an annual plant?

Biennial/Perennial

Warm-up

• Where are annuals found most of the time?

• What is the difference between annual, biennial, and perennial plants?

Biennial

• Plant that produces vegetation in 1 year, flowers the next, & then dies

Perennial• Plants that live from year to year

& do not require replanting• Tops may or may not die back in

winter or dry season • Some bloom 1st yr, most produce

larger, more attractive flowers & stronger root systems as time goes on

Perennial• Flowering trees called hardy

perennials• Herbaceous perennial-

nonwoody plant that lives from yr to yr but dies back to ground each winter & grows back in spring

Brochure• Create a brochure highlighting

the biennial and perennial plants • 20 minutes

Transplanting• Moving from one place to

another• Annuals transplanted when ready• Perennials transplanted in spring

or fall

Transplanting• Crown must be at correct level

(crown is point where the top is connected to roots & where new growth comes from.)• As plant is set, firm in around

roots with hands• Water

Transplanting• If plants flower in spring- divide &

plant in fall, reverse is true if plants flower in fall, plant in spring• Start perennial seeds indoors 6-8

weeks prior to transplant date

Monocot/Dicot• Monocot- A plant only having

one cotyledon or seed leaf• Dicot- a plant having 2 cotyledon

or seed leaves

Drawing

• Draw a picture illustrating the difference between monocot & dicot plants – 15 minutes

Exit Question

• Answer LEQ and turn in bin: • What is the difference between

annual, biennial, and perennial plants?

Planning & designing

Warm-up

• **Pick up text book and Have a seat!!**

• Why are annuals so commonly used in the garden?

• How can we plan & design a balanced flower bed/garden?

• Seasonal annuals–Color enhances entryways,

eating areas, etc–People enjoy aesthetics & relax

• Perennials (285)–Mass varieties in groups of

3,5,9–Consider time of blooming &

space–Use deciduous shrubs to create

interest

• Factors to consider: –Clients’ individual needs &

preferences–Flower color, height, texture–Bed size & design–Surrounding landscapes

Planning & designing • Hanging baskets–All baskets need proper

drainage–Rule of thumb- plant one less

plant then pot size•EX: 8-inch pot used, pick 7 plants, place 6 around perimeter & 1 in center

• To produce attractive hanging baskets:–Water–Fertilize–Deadhead (removal of dead &

faded flowers)

• Flower Bed• 1. prepare soil–Prepare in fall before planting next

spring–Till to loosen –Add organic matter–Test soil for drainage

• Flower Bed• 2. fertilize–Add 2 lbs of a 5-10-10 fertilizer per

100 sq feet in spring–Sprinkle 10-10-10 around each

plant on soil if above ineffective–Soluble fertilizer- mix with 1 tbsp

water – more readily available

Planning & designing • Flower Bed• 3. mulching- apply 2-3 in. before

bed planted–Creates aesthetic to enhance plant–Source of organic matter–Helps control weeds–Conserves moisture–Even temperature

Planning & designing • Flower Bed• 4. Seeding-–Most seeded indoors & set

outside as plants –Plant seeds as deep as they are

wide –Pg 279-280 pictures

Planning & designing • Flower Bed• 5. Care for plants–Pg 280-281 charts/pictures

–Copy the Procedure box (280) and the 4 boxes on 281 25-11–20 minutes

Exit Question

• Answer LEQ and turn in bin: • How can we plan and design a

balanced flower bed/garden?

Review• Review for test tomorrow!

Plant Taxonomy AHS Agriculture. Warm-up SLM and KUD.

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