Post on 24-Jul-2020
transcript
PLENARY SESSION 1/SMART
Procurement: Application of ICT and
other tools
Caroline Nicholas, UNCITRAL
Secretariat
Global Procurement Summit 2018
SMART procurement and e-procurement
[e-procurement] is emerging worldwide with
the potential to reform processes, improve
market access, and promote integrity in public
procure e t
ADB/WB, Corruption and technology in
procurement, 2007
S art procurement means lean and transparent
procedures, less bureaucracy, a high level of
professionalism, best value for money
for public buyers and easy access for economic
operators to public procure e t.
EU, Jun 20, 2014
SMART procurement and ICT tools
What is e-procurement (1)?
• e-publication/advertisement
• e-solicitation
• e-tendering and e-purchasing
• ERAs, framework agreements,
e-catalogues
• e-contract administration
• e-dispute resolution
SMART procurement and ICT tools
What is e-procurement (2)?
• e-oversight
• Entire procurement cycle
• Across procurement procedures
• e-governance
• integration with state budget processes and tax,
social security, registration and licensing
systems and interaction with anti-monopoly,
audit, criminal law institutions
SMART procurement and ICT tools
Lean and transparent procedures, less bureaucracy, easy market access
• e-publication AND
• Standard documents
• Standard procedures
• Reducing transaction costs/speed
For procuring entities and suppliers alike
However:
• Do not overregulate e-procurement
• Carefully design your e-procurement system
• Build confidence in e-procurement systems
• Remove obstacles (paper, sealed envelopes?)
SMART procurement and ICT tools
Value for money, professionalism
• Economy AND efficiency
• Use of commercial discretion
• M(E)AT vs lowest-priced tenders
• Avoid disproportionate administrative costs
• Restricted tendering/Request for quotations
• Non-transparent, reported abuse
VS …
• E-catalogues, ERAs, framework agreements
• Request-for-proposals vs two-stage tendering
SMART procurement and ICT tools
ICT tools to oversee the use of discretion
• Requirement for a procurement record
• All major decisions to be explained
– Procurement method
– Qualification, award criteria
– Sustainability criteria
– Application in the process
• Maintain in real time/keep up to date
SMART procurement and ICT tools
UNCITRAL Model Law
• Balances discretion with transparency in
public procurement (record rules)
• Procedures demonstrate how public
procurement policies can be translated
into national legislation
• National law based on Model Law
standards prescribes verifiable targets for
policy implementation
SMART procurement and ICT tools
• Limitations of legal framework
• Covered: Selection process, but
• Thresholds
• Exempted sectors (defence)
• Often not covered
• Planning, contract management, oversight
Sometimes not covered
• Compliance programmes for suppliers (integrity pacts
etc)
• Sanctions and debarment
• Interaction with other areas: e.g. culture, workload,
professionalization, training, performance appraisals,
incentives for identification of corruption/collusion, etc
SMART procurement and ICT tools
Using the procurement record effectively (1)
Analysis of data using ICT … better
• Oversight (external and internal)
• Measurement of performance/results
• Accountability and integrity
• Default rule: public access
• Who can see the information?
• Individuals, private companies, academia,
civil society
• E cessive tra spare c ?
• Confidentiality and timing concerns
• Ongoing reluctance in some countries to
publish procurement contracts
SMART procurement and ICT tools
Using the procurement record effectively (2)
E-procurement provides data-sets
• How to make data accessible?
• E a ple: Ope Co tracti g Data Sta dard
• Structured, standardized, open data & documents
• Analysis of data
• Searchable (cf pdfs …) • To identify questionable practices
• All 3 phases of procurement cycle
• Can identify patterns across procurements
OCDS is:
• A data standard for what to publish and
how to publish it as open data
• A data schema for validation of
published data
• Collected guidance on publishing and
using data
• Ensuring the technical accessibility of
data
• Facilitating evaluation of outcomes
OPEN CONTRACTING
DATA STANDARD
SMART procurement and ICT tools
SMART procurement and ICT tools
• Publish early, and iterate: improving disclosure step-by-step
• Simple and extensible JSON structure
• Publish data for each step of the contracting process
• Create summary records for an overall contracting process
• Re-useable objects: organisations, tender information, line-items,
amounts, milestones, documents etc.
• Recommended data and documents at basic, intermediate &
advanced levels
• Common open data publication patterns
• Guidance on improving data collection and data quality
• A growing community of users and range of open source tools
http://uncitral.org/uncitral/en/uncitral_texts/procurement_infrastructure.html
SMART procurement and ICT tools
UNCITRAL Secretariat works with MDBs to
support capacity development
caroline.nicholas@uncitral.org
THANK YOU