Point of view and narration Point of view of camera Point of view of character Point of view of spectator

Controlling the flow of story information To channel, direct, and control the spectator’s

knowledge and desire along the predetermined pathways of the plot.

Point of view Ideology

Film style

Psychology of spectator

Point of view

“I believe films offer both pleasure and an opportunity to better understand the world we live in.”

– Jean-Michel Frodon

Ideology and point of view The point of view of the film as its

implicit set of values How these values are conveyed and

carried by film form

Ideology and point of view Industry or government regulation.

Presentation of conflicting values in the plot.

Aesthetic ideologies and film style.

Ideology and point of view

Ideology and point of view Formal elements can serve ideological

purposes: Montage Long take / deep focus Framing Mise-en-scène

Ideology and point of view Elements of film form and style are not innocent:

They may preserve and perpetuate, in their very form, certain social attitudes and exclude others.

Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema (Laura Mulvey, 1975) Psychoanalytic theory as a political

weapon: Aim to expose ways unconscious

structures are involved in ways of seeing and how they are manifested in cinema.

Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema (Laura Mulvey, 1975) Pleasures of the cinema:

Scopophilia / voyeurism Narcissism

Women = to-be-looked-at-ness Active/male Passive/female

Point of view

Point of view What happens when Melanie looks?

Point of view Who controls narration?

Point of view Why do the birds attack?