Polymeric Materials for Tissue Engineering

transcript

8/2/2019 Polymeric Materials for Tissue Engineering

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/polymeric-materials-for-tissue-engineering 1/24

Nararia Askarningsih

1106154343

Application of biological, mechanical andengineering principles to the repair,

restoration, or regeneration of living tissuesusing biomaterials, cells and growth factors.

Main approach :

Replacement or repair of damaged or failedtissues by creation of environment whichpromotes the native capacity of cells tointegrate.

Developed because transplantation of tissuesand organs possess limitation (infection,

limited availability, immunoincompability,disease transmission, etc)

Scaffolds : provide structural support togrowing cells and 3D environment to guidethe formation of new tissue.

Hydrogels :Provide a moist wound covering conducive to

healing and protect the wound from infection Frequently used for soft tissue regenerationActed as a scaffold for tissue regeneration

and protective barrier Lack of mechanical properties.

Degradable or nondegradable polymerswhich is used for biomaterials applications

Biodegradable polymers :those which degrade in vitro and in vivo

either into products that are normalmetabolites of the body.

Playing important role in cell adhesion to thatsurface and influencing a cells’s ability attach

and spread. Affects the metabolic activity

Its degradation products should beNONTOXIC

Rate of degradation and mechanicalproperties of material should match theintended application.

Skin Regeneration

Cartilage Regeneration Bone Regeneration

Developed to undergo the skin traumacaused by heat, chemicals, electricity, andUV

Proper water evaporation Size requirements (20-125 µm) Protective barrier Prevent dehydration and infection Maintain communication between epidermis

and dermis

Materials must account for the vascularneeds of both new and old tissues.

Adequate wetting and draping

For epithelial skin

replacement :

Polyurethan sheet

support cell growth

Dermal replacement :

Silastic sheet and polylactide-co- glycolide,

PLGA (syntheticpolymer) temporarybarriers, mechanical

stability, template fortissue regeneration

Full-thickness replacement :

soft polyethylene glycol-terephtalate and

hard polybutylene terephtalate copolymer

10 % GlycolicPolymer

Body Scrub containsparticle polyethylene

Connecting soft elastic tissue in various partsof the body

The primary function for cartilage is todistribute stress in load-bearing site andreduce friction during joint motion

Developed because cartilage defects cannotheal themselves due to lack of blood supply inthe tissue and the absence of undifferentiated cells for repair

Current research has focused on hyalinecartilage. Hyaline cartilage exists as the

predominant form of cartilage in the bodyand coats the surfaces of articulating joints.

Degradable materials is favorable because it canform a temporary scaffold for mechanical andbiochemical support

Sufficient mechanical properties for jointloading

Incorporating biochemical environment andporosities

Accommodating cellular infiltration Allowing desired degradation rates Providing suitable mechanisms for surgical

handling

Nondegradable :poly vinyl alcoholpoly hydroxyethyl

methacrulatepoly N-isopropylacrylamideand polyethilene oxide

(injectable hydrogel)

Degradable :

Polyglycolic acid

polylactic acid

Alginate (not native to

human body)

Collagen (connective

tissue in human body)Chitosan (low cost,

biocompatible)

Chitosan Nanofibers

Bone is very dense, specialized form of connective tissue. Bone matrix consists of collagen and hydoxyapatite

This regeneration involves the synthesis of hydroxyapatite and recreation of structure,also mechanical stability

Biocompatible Moldable, shapeable, in situ to ensure a good fit

in the defect area

Support cellular adhesion and growth Maintain cellular differentiation Provide porous matrix so nutrients and wastes

can easily diffuse

Degrade into biocompatible products Have compressive strength of 5MPa and

modulus of 50 Mpa Have a good surface chemistry to influence

behavior of cells

Natural Polymer : Collagen, Hyaluronic cid andChitosan

biodegradable co-polymerscomposed of L-lactic, D-lactic,glycolic acid and trimethylenecarbonate(as barrier membranes for boneregeneration)

Polyethylene glicol polylactide

Lakshmi S. Nair, Cato T. Laurencin.2005. Polymers as Biomaterials

for Tissue Engineering and Controlled Drug Delivery . Advance

Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology

B.L Seal, T.C Otero, A. Panitch.2001.Polymeric biomaterials for

tissue and organ regeneration. Material Science and Engineering

Joseph Jagur-Grodzinski.2006.Polymers for tissue engineering,

medical devices, and regenerative medicine. Concise general review

of recent studies. Polymer for Advanced Technologies:Wiley

InterScience

Polymeric Materials for Tissue Engineering

Documents