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Electronic Supporting information (ESI)
Macro-/mesoporous titania thin films: Analysing the effect of
pore architecture on photocatalytic activity using high-
throughput screening
Natalita M. Nursam,ab Xingdong Wangb and Rachel A. Carusoab*
aCSIRO Manufacturing, Private Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, AustraliabParticulate Fluids Processing Centre, School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne,
Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia. Fax: +61 3 9347 5180; Tel: +61 3 8344 7146
E-mail: rcaruso@unimelb.edu.au
Table S1. Composition of the reagents used during sol-gel synthesis.
Solution composition (molar ratio) Polymer mass (g)Sample
TBT DEA H2O Ethanol PEG PVP F127
Control 1 1 1 25 0 0 01PEG-0PVP-0F127 1 1 1 25 1.0 0 02PEG-0PVP-0F127 1 1 1 25 2.0 0 03PEG-0PVP-0F127 1 1 1 25 3.0 0 01PEG-0.5PVP-0F127 1 1 1 25 1.0 0.5 01PEG-1PVP-0F127 1 1 1 25 1.0 1.0 01PEG-1.5PVP-0F127 1 1 1 25 1.0 1.5 01PEG-2PVP-0F127 1 1 1 25 1.0 2.0 02PEG-0.5PVP-0F127 1 1 1 25 2.0 0.5 02PEG-1PVP-0F127 1 1 1 25 2.0 1.0 02PEG-1.5PVP-0F127 1 1 1 25 2.0 1.5 02PEG-2PVP-0F127 1 1 1 25 2.0 2.0 03PEG-0.5PVP-0F127 1 1 1 25 3.0 0.5 03PEG-1PVP-0F127 1 1 1 25 3.0 1.0 03PEG-1.5PVP-0F127 1 1 1 25 3.0 1.5 03PEG-2PVP-0F127 1 1 1 25 3.0 2.0 01PEG-1PVP-0.5F127 1 1 1 25 1.0 1.0 0.51PEG-1PVP-1F127 1 1 1 25 1.0 1.0 1.01PEG-1PVP-1.5F127 1 1 1 25 1.0 1.0 1.51PEG-1PVP-2F127 1 1 1 25 1.0 1.0 2.0
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry A.This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015
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Fig. S1. (a) Schematic illustration displaying the high-throughput photocatalysis screening
setup and (b) mapping of the light intensity typically measured in each of the irradiation
areas.
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Fig. S2. SEM images showing the (a) surface and (b) cross-section morphology of the control
sample.
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Fig. S3. SEM images showing the surface (left) and cross section view (right) of (a) 1PEG-
0PVP-0F127, (b) 1PEG-1PVP-0F127 and (c) 1PEG-1PVP-1F127. Pore size distributions are
shown in the insets and the presence of pores are indicated by the white arrows.
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2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.00.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
[F(R
)h]
1/2
h (eV)
Fig. S4. Transformed Kubelka-Munk plot versus energy of the absorbed light (hʋ) for
powder sample 1PEG-1PVP-1F127 as transformed from the UV-visible diffuse reflectance
spectra. In this calculation, the titania material was assumed to be an indirect
semiconductor.1,2 The value of the bandgap energy, Eg ~ 3.22 eV, was estimated by
extrapolation of the fitted straight line tangential curve towards the x-axis.
300 400 500 600 7000
20
40
60
80
100
1 3 5 10 15
Tran
smitt
ance
(%)
Wavelength (nm)
Fig. S5. UV/vis transmission spectra of P25 films prepared from P25 slurry spin-coated onto
coverslips with 1, 3, 5, 10 or 15 coating cycles.
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Fig. S6. Photographic images of water droplets 2 min after contact with the surface of the (a)
blank coverslip, (b) control or 1PEG-0PVP-0F127 (the image is typical for both) and (c)
1PEG-1PVP-1F127.
Fig. S7 Photocatalytic activity of P25 films with different numbers of coatings as shown by
the (a) photodegradation of MB, (b) concentration of 7-hydroxycoumarin, and (c)
photographs of MB decolouration following irradiation at certain time (the number of
coatings is indicated at the top column of wells).
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0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0 1PEG-0PVP-0F127 1PEG-1PVP-0F127
2nd 3rd1st
Test cycle
k app
(x10
-3 m
in-1)
Fig. S8 Repeated MB photodegradation tests under UV light for 1PEG-0PVP-0F127 and
1PEG-1PVP-0F127.
References
1. B. Karvaly and I. Hevesi, Naturforsch. Teil A, 1971, A 26, 245.
2. J. Tauc, Grigorov.R and A. Vancu, Phys. Status Solidi, 1966, 15, 627.