PoriferaPoriferaPoriferaPorifera

CycliophoraCycliophoraCycliophoraCycliophora

CnidariaCnidariaCnidariaCnidariaCtenophoraCtenophoraCtenophoraCtenophora

SipunculaSipunculaSipunculaSipunculaMolluscaMolluscaMolluscaMolluscaAnnelidaAnnelidaAnnelidaAnnelida

OnychophoraOnychophoraOnychophoraOnychophoraTardigradaTardigradaTardigradaTardigrada

BryozoaBryozoaBryozoaBryozoa

PlatyhelminthesPlatyhelminthesPlatyhelminthesPlatyhelminthes

NemerteaNemerteaNemerteaNemertea

RotiferaRotiferaRotiferaRotifera

GnathostomulidaGnathostomulidaGnathostomulidaGnathostomulidaGastrotrichaGastrotrichaGastrotrichaGastrotricha

NematodaNematodaNematodaNematodaNematomorphaNematomorphaNematomorphaNematomorpha

PriapulidaPriapulidaPriapulidaPriapulidaKinorhynchaKinorhynchaKinorhynchaKinorhynchaLoriciferaLoriciferaLoriciferaLoricifera

PhoronidaPhoronidaPhoronidaPhoronidaBrachiopodaBrachiopodaBrachiopodaBrachiopoda

EchinodermataEchinodermataEchinodermataEchinodermata

ChordataChordataChordataChordataHemichordataHemichordataHemichordataHemichordata

ArthropodaArthropodaArthropodaArthropoda

Adapted from Lesser Known ProtostomeAdapted from Lesser Known ProtostomePhyla. SICB 2001. J.R. Garey. Phyla. SICB 2001. J.R. Garey.

Tardigrada

http://www.solutionassoc.com/Fun/Fun.html

Tardigrada: “water bears”

• First discovered in 1773• 800 spp• 0.1-0.5mm in length• Widespread• Live in semi aquatic habitats, water film• Cryptobiotic, some are cyclomorphic

– Temp range from +149C to -272C, withstand high vacuum, high UV, long periods without O2

– Dessication for > 120 years: back to life in hours

Tardigrada

• Metameric body plan• Toes on each leg with intrinsic

musculature (cf onychophoryans)• Walk with muscles, not with hydrostatic

skeleton• Oral stylets pierce plant cell walls

– Diets specialized for predation, herbivory, detritivory

• Internal fertilization, shed cuticle with eggs

PoriferaPoriferaPoriferaPorifera

CycliophoraCycliophoraCycliophoraCycliophora

CnidariaCnidariaCnidariaCnidariaCtenophoraCtenophoraCtenophoraCtenophora

SipunculaSipunculaSipunculaSipunculaMolluscaMolluscaMolluscaMolluscaAnnelidaAnnelidaAnnelidaAnnelida

OnychophoraOnychophoraOnychophoraOnychophoraTardigradaTardigradaTardigradaTardigrada

BryozoaBryozoaBryozoaBryozoa

PlatyhelminthesPlatyhelminthesPlatyhelminthesPlatyhelminthes

NemerteaNemerteaNemerteaNemertea

RotiferaRotiferaRotiferaRotifera

GnathostomulidaGnathostomulidaGnathostomulidaGnathostomulidaGastrotrichaGastrotrichaGastrotrichaGastrotricha

NematodaNematodaNematodaNematodaNematomorphaNematomorphaNematomorphaNematomorpha

PriapulidaPriapulidaPriapulidaPriapulidaKinorhynchaKinorhynchaKinorhynchaKinorhynchaLoriciferaLoriciferaLoriciferaLoricifera

PhoronidaPhoronidaPhoronidaPhoronidaBrachiopodaBrachiopodaBrachiopodaBrachiopoda

EchinodermataEchinodermataEchinodermataEchinodermata

ChordataChordataChordataChordataHemichordataHemichordataHemichordataHemichordata

ArthropodaArthropodaArthropodaArthropoda

Adapted from Lesser Known ProtostomeAdapted from Lesser Known ProtostomePhyla. SICB 2001. J.R. Garey. Phyla. SICB 2001. J.R. Garey.

Onychophorans: velvet worms

Onychophorans

• Discovered in 1826• 110 spp, 5mm-15 cm• Extant spp all terrestrial

– Humid habitats only– Cuticle thin (no Ca), permeable

• 13-43 pairs of sac-like legs• Metameric

– little tagmatization– little cephalization

• Annelid/arthropod link– Head ~ polychaete

Oral “slime” papillae

• Predaceous

• Spray adhesive goo from slime glands (modified nephridia) to entangle prey

• Gas exchange by trachea, spiracles– Not homologous to arthropod trachea

• Reproduction:– Ovoparity, viviparity, ovoviviparity

Echinodermata

Ciliophora

Chordata

Mollusca

Platyhelminthes

Nematoda

PoriferaAnnelida

Other

Apicomplex

Sarcomastigophora

Arthropoda

Phylum Arthropoda

• Arthro = joint, poda = feet– Refers to hard, chitinous exoskeleton

• “Terrestrialized” annelid body plan• Metameric• Tagmatized:

– head, thorax, abdomen – cephalothorax, abdomen– prosoma, opisthosoma

• Cephalized– Compound eyes, antennae (mechano- &

chemosensory)

Crustaceamorph stem linePrecambrian (>542 mya)

Paleozoic (542-251 mya)

Mesozoic (251-65 mya)

Cenozoic (65-present)

Tril

obita

Che

licer

ata

Myr

iapo

daH

exap

oda

Modern crustaceaP. Arthropoda

Phylum Arthropoda• Subphylum Trilobita• SubPhylum Chelicerata

– Class Merostomata – horseshoe crabs– Class Arachnida – spiders, ticks– Class Pycnogonida – sea spiders

• Subphylum Hexapoda– Class Entognatha– Class Insecta …!!

• SubPhylum Crustacea– 6 subclasses

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Trilobita

• Common 500 mya (4000 spp) but extinct by 225 mya

• Each body segment had a biramous appendage (inner for walking)

• 3 body tagma

• Compound eyes with ommatidia

Subphylum Chelicerata

• Include spiders and mites and daddy LL, scorpions, horseshoe crabs

• Lack antennae

• 1st pair of appendages on the prosoma = the chelicerae (adapted for feeding)

Class Merostomata• 4 spp, all marine

• Not true crabs (i.e., not crustaceans)

• head + thorax = prosoma or cephalothorax

• appendages of opisthosoma flattened to become “book gills” for gas exchange

Telson