Post on 10-Nov-2018
transcript
Foundation Corporate Partner: Centre Funded by: Land Development Agency Sponsor:
POSitive Places: new data, tools and
approaches for examining the role of public
open space in health and planning research
by
Professor Fiona Bull and Associate Professor Bryan Boruff Centre for Built Environment and Health School of Population Health
Outline
• Role of Public Open Space
• ANDS and Positive Places
• Data and Methods
• POSDat
• POS GIS
• POS Tool
• Example Applications
The Centre for the Built
Environment and Health
Mission
To undertake research to understand the positive
and negative influences of the built environment on
physical, social and mental health outcomes and
influences planning and urban design policy and
practice to create healthy and sustainable
communities
The Role of POS
Project Aims
1. Develop a georeferenced POS data layer (including
information on amenity) for integration with other geo-
spatial build environment information and demographic
and socio-economic status data for wider application
supporting research and planning practice
2. Develop a web based geospatial analytic and
visualisation tool to support new opportunities in:
• research
• urban planning practice
Australian National Data
Service (ANDS)
ANDS aims to:
• make better use of Australia's research outputs
• enable Australian researchers to easily discover, access, use
and re-use data
• enable new and more efficient research
ANDS function is to:
• manage, connect, enable discovery and support the reuse of
data enable richer research, more accountable research;
• more efficient use of research data;
• and improved provision of data to support policy development
Collaboration between:
ANDS Structure
Defining POS
Identifying POS
Delineating POS
Classifying POS
Edwards, N., Hooper, P., Trapp, G., Bull, F., Boruff. B and Giles-Corti, B. 2013. Development of a
Desktop Auditing Public Open Space Tool (POST): POSDAT. Applied Geography, 38:22-30.
Attributing POS
The POSDAT tool can be found here: http://www.sph.uwa.edu.au/research/cbeh/projects/?a=2147379
POSTool Architecture
Web Server Components:
• Python
• Django/GeoDjango
• PostgreSQL/PostGIS
Front End:
• OpenLayers
• Jquery/JQuery UI
Code:
• Google Code Repository
License:
• Creative Commons
Attribution
- Developed through a series of workshops with government agencies, developers and researchers
POSTool Search Functions
POSTool Search Functions
POSTool Search Functions
POSTool Stats.
POSTool User Defined Areas
POSTool Network Distances
POSTool Scenario Modelling
Total Population 1527 Park Area All (ha) 154.4 Facilities 4
0-4 552 Pocket Park 10.2 Tennis 6
May-14 142 S. Nbourhood Park 5.2 Baseball 2
15-19 162 M. Nbourhood Park 14.6 Fitness Circuit 2
20-24 132 L Nbourhood Park 1 25.9 Hockey 0
25-34 125 L Nbourhood Park 2 53.1 Athletics 6
35-44 144 District Park 1 0 Rugby 1
45-54 114 District Park 2 0 Skate Park 5
55-64 56 Regional Park 45.4 Playground 15
65-74 41 Playground Shade 10
75-84 32 Playground Fenced 8
Over 85 27 Paid Sporting Facility 5
POSTool in Research I
• To assess what features of the built environment are associated with:
- protective behavioural lifestyles factors (e.g., physical activity, diet etc)
- self-reported health status (e.g., chronic conditions, mental health)
- objectively-measured health outcomes (e.g., CVD, cancer, mental
health )
Key Objective
• To explore the impact of the built environment on health across the life
stages (i.e., in children, young adults, adults and older adults).
Key Output
• Recommendations on the design of local communities that support
“active-living” and “Livability” and meet the needs of all ages
LIFECOURSE Project
LIFECOURSE Project
Health & Wellbeing Survey
(WA Department of Health)
• Self-reported:
• Demographics
• Physical activity
• Child Development
• Mental health
• Physical health etc.
Hospital Morbidity Data
(WA Data Linkage System)
• Objective measure of clinical health outcomes related to hospital admissions.
Mental Health Data
(WA Data Linkage System)
• Objective measure of mental health presentation and contacts for depression, anxiety etc.
Environmental & Destinations Data
(CBEH GIS Platform)
• Environment variables
• Calculated at 200m, 400m, 800m, 1600m around participants’ homes.
• Different types of destinations
• Cross-sectional study of ≈16,000 participants
• Metropolitan & Peel regions of Perth, Western Australia.
• Data linkage of the following data sources:
Influences Behaviours (self-reported measures)
Intermediate
outcomes (self-reported measures)
Health outcomes (self-reported and objective
measures)
Diabetes
Neighbourhood destinations
Alcohol outlets
Food outlets
Recreation venues
Community infrastructure
Crime
Parks & Park Quality
Neighbourhood greenness
Asthma
Walking (not available for children)
MVPA
Nutrition
Neighbourhood walkability
Group membership
Sitting/Screen time
Density
Residential density
Gross density
Lot density
Land use mix
Overweight & Obesity
High cholesterol
High blood pressure
General health status (not available for children)
Mental health
Road exposure
Road connectivity
Children 0-15 yrs Alcohol consumption
Young adults 16-24 yrs
Adults 25-64 yrs
Older adults ≥65 yrs
Cardiovascular
disease
LIFECOURSE Conceptual Model
POSTool in Research II
Evaluate the impact of the government planning policy “Liveable
Neighbourhoods Community Design Guidelines” on health behaviours
and outcomes in adults who have moved into new suburban
neighbourhoods
One adult from households that purchased land in 73 new suburban
housing estates across Perth
RESIDential Environments Project (RESIDE)
Participants
Key Output
Inform on the implementation and impact of the Govermment’s Liveable
Neighbourhoods Design Guidelines – specifically next editions
RESIDE Project
Longitudinal study – households surveyed 4 times:
T1 (2003 - 2005) - Baseline in their old home [n=1813]
T2 (2004 - 2006) - 1 year after moving into their new house [n=1466]
T3 (2006 - 2008) - 2 years later (i.e. 3 years after moving) [n=1229]
T4 (2011 - 2012) - 5-6 years later (i.e. 8 years after moving) (n=563)
T2
Estates
T3 T4 T1
Community Design & Activity
Centres
Activity Centres
(type & location)
Destination diversity within activity centres
Accessibility to activity centres
Integrated Development
(access points)
Public Transport provision
Movement Networks
Road hierarchy (walkable roads
ratio)
Street Connectivity
Street Permeability (walkable blocks)
Cul-de-sacs
Footpath Networks
Cycling Networks
On- & off-road)
Streetscapes
(tree canopy)
Lot Layout
Residential Density
Residential Lot Sizes
Lot dwelling density
Block density
Residential Dwelling Diversity
Street Frontage
Public Parkland
Amount of parkland
Number of parks
Distribution of parkland types
Park accessibility
Park surveillance – lot orientation
Park surveillance – bordering roads
Public Transport
Bus Stops + 400m catchments
Train Stations + 800m catchments
Accessibility to Public Transit
Schools
Location
School grounds
Street Networks
Public Transit
+ + + + ∑ = +
Evaluation: Across ALL 7 elements of Policy
Conclusions
- Developed a robust analytic web-based tool providing access a
unique data set and integrated built environment information
- The tool was built through consultation with relevant stakeholders
using a sound methodology
- Relevance of the tools functionality provided through research outputs
- Identification of research output through metadata deposited in the
Australian Data Commons
- All code is open source and available in the Google Code Repository
This project is supported by the Australian National Data Service (ANDS)
ANDS is supported by the Australian Government through the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy Program and the
Education Investment Fund (EIF) Super Science Initiative
Villanueva, K., Pereira, G., Knuiman, M., Bull, F., Wood, L., Christian, H.,
Foster, S., Boruff, B., Beesley, B., Hickey, S., Joyce, S., Nathan, A.,
Saarloos, D., Giles-Corti, B., 2013. The impact of the built environment
on health across the life course: design of a cross-sectional data
linkage study. BMJ Open 3.
Giles-Corti, B., Knuiman, M., Timperio, A., Van Niel, K., Pikora, T.J., Bull,
F.C.L., Shilton, T., Bulsara, M., 2008. Evaluation of the implementation of
a State Government community design policy aimed at increasing
local walking: design issues and baseline results from RESIDE,
Perth Western Australia. Preventive Medicine 46, 46-54.
Giles-Corti, B., Bull, F., Knuiman, M., McCormack, G., Van Niel, K.,
Timperio, A., Christian, H., Foster, S., Divitini, M., Middleton, N., Boruff,
B., 2013. The influence of urban design on neighbourhood walking
following residential relocation: Longitudinal results from the
RESIDE study. Social Science & Medicine 77, 20-30.
Key References