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Postdoc Data Collected by NCSES
Emilda B. Rivers
The National Academy of Sciences Postdoc Committee Meeting
October 3, 2011
National Science FoundationNational Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES)
www.nsf.gov/statistics1
Today’s Discussion
The National Center for Science andEngineering Statistics (NCSES)
NCSES Education and Workforce Surveys
NCSES Research and Development Surveys
Postdoc Data from NCSES Surveys
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The National Center for Science andEngineering Statistics (NCSES)
As part of the America Competes Act of 2010, signed on December 6, 2011 NCSES was created
NCSES is one of the few named “entities” in NSF with stated responsibilities
NCSES carries with it the responsibilities of the Division of Science Resources Statistics (SRS) as well as new responsibilities
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SRS NCSESFederal statistical agency within NSF Federal statistical agency within NSF
Clearinghouse mandate - health and status of the U.S. Science and Engineering (S&E) enterprise
Clearinghouse mandate – collection, interpretation, analysis and dissemination of objective data on research and development
Disseminate information Collect, acquire, analyze, report and disseminate data related to the science and engineering enterprise in the United States and other nations
Conduct surveys and & synthesize data ‘’
Promote gathering of comparable international data ‘’
Data to be collected includes: • research and development trends• science and engineering workforce• United States competitiveness in science, engineering, technology, and research and development
Comparison of SRS and NCSES
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Comparison of SRS and NCSES
SRS NCSESThe condition and progress of United States STEM education
Support research on NCSES data and methodologies related to data collection, analysis and dissemination
NCSES/SRS Database Institute Support education and training of researchers in the use of long-scale nationally representative data sets e.g. those collected by NCSES
Produce the biennial Science and Engineering Indicators report for the NSB
Produce for the biennial Science and Engineering Indicators report for the NSB
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Surveys of Individuals
Survey of Earned Doctorates (SED)
Survey of Doctorate Recipients (SDR)
National Survey of College Graduates (NSCG)
National Survey of Recent College Graduates (RCG)
Education and Workforce Surveys
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Surveys of InstitutionsSurvey on Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in
Science and Engineering (GSS)
ECDS, the Early Career Doctorate Survey A survey of individual doctorates who received their
doctorate, doctorate-equivalent, or doctorate-equivalent professional degree within the past 10 years (upcoming survey)
Education and Workforce Surveys
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Surveys of Institutions/Organizations
Higher Education Research and Development Survey (HERD, formerly Survey of Research and Development Expenditures at Universities and Colleges)
Survey of Federal Funds for Research and Development
Survey of Federal Science and Engineering Support to Universities, Colleges and Nonprofit Institutions
Research and Development Surveys
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Surveys of Institutions/Organizations
Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities
Business R&D and Innovation Survey (BRDIS, formerly Survey of Industrial Research and Development)
Survey of State Government R&D
Research and Development Surveys
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National Survey of College Graduates (NSCG)
The NSCG is a biennial survey of college-educated U.S. residents educated or employed in an S&E field
S&E fields• Computer and mathematical sciences• Life sciences• Physical sciences• Social sciences• Engineering• S&E-related (Health, S&E teaching)
2003 NSCG response rate: 73 percent10
Selected Survey Items on the NSCG
• Gender• Race/ethnicity• Citizenship• Disability
Demographics
• Degrees (institutions, fields of study, year of award)• Current employment (employer, field, work activities)• Work experiences (publications, patents, training)
Educational Information
• Current employer (location, industry, size)• Position (academic (postdoc) vs. non-academic)• Job details (salary, work activities, start date)• Other (job satisfaction, relationship to degree)
Occupational Information
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NSCG Postdoc QuestionWas your principal employer an educational institution?Mark (X) one
1. Yes
2. No
(If Yes) What type of academic position did you hold at this institution?
Mark (X) all that apply1. President, Provost, or Chancellor
2. Dean, department head, or chair
3. Research faculty, scientist, associate, or fellow
4. Teaching faculty
5. Adjunct faculty
6. Postdoc (e.g., postdoctoral fellow or associate)
7. Research assistant
8. Teaching assistant
9. Other12
Survey of Earned Doctorates (SED)
SED is an annual census of all new research doctorate recipients from accredited U.S. academic institutions
Research Doctorate
• Requires an original contribution of knowledge to the field (typically a dissertation); and
• Is not primarily intended for the practice of a profession (e.g., M.D., D.D.S., J.D., Psy.D, D.Min., Pharm.D.)
2010 Response rate: 92 percent13
Selected Survey Items on the SED
• Gender• Race/ethnicity• Citizenship at time of doctorate
Demographics
• Degrees (institutions, fields of study, year of award)• Financial support• Education-related debt
Educational History
• Definite commitments for next year (Y/N)• Employment vs. postdoc• Sector of employment• Location of employment• Starting Salary
Postgraduation Plans
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SED Postdoc* QuestionsWhat best describes your postgraduate plans (within the next year)?
Mark (X) one
1. “Postdoc” or further training
2. Employment
What best describes the nature of your further training or study?
Mark (X) one
1. “Postdoc” fellowship
2. “Postdoc” research associateship
3. Traineeship
4. Internship, clinical residency
5. Other Training – specify
* Postdoc is defined on the SED as “. . . A temporary position primarily for gaining additional education and training in research, usually awarded in academe, industry, government, or a non-profit organization.”
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Relationships AmongSED Postgraduation Plans Data
NewDoctorateRecipient
No definite commitmentsin coming year (at time of survey)
Definite commitmentsin coming year
Definite commitmentsfor postdoc
Definite commitmentsfor employment
Employment sector
AcademeIndustryGovernmentOther
U.S location
Foreign locationPostgrad location
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SOURCE: NSF/NIH/USED/NEH/USDA/NASA, Survey of Earned Doctorates
New Doctorate Recipients with Definite Commitments for Postdoc by Field of Study: 2000–09
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NOTE: New postdoc rate is the proportion of new doctorate recipients with definite commitments who are committed to a postdoc in the coming year.
SOURCE: NSF/NIH/USED/NEH/USDA/NASA, Survey of Earned Doctorates
New Postdoc Rate by Field of Study: 2000–09
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NOTE: New postdoc rate is the proportion of new doctorate recipients with definite commitments who are committed to a postdoc position in the coming year. This figure includes only new doctorate recipients who are U.S. citizens or permanent residents.
SOURCE: NSF/NIH/USED/NEH/USDA/NASA, Survey of Earned Doctorates
New Postdoc Rateby Race/Ethnicity and Field of Study: 2009
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New Postdocs with Position in Academeby Field of Study: 2004–09
NOTE: New postdocs with position in academe is the proportion of new doctorate recipients with definite commitments for postdoc who are committed to positions in academic institutions.
SOURCE: NSF/NIH/USED/NEH/USDA/NASA, Survey of Earned Doctorates 20
NOTE: New postdocs in U.S. is the proportion of new doctorate recipients with definite commitments for postdoc who are committed to positions located in the U.S. Includes only temporary visa holders with doctorates from U.S. universities.
SOURCE: NSF/NIH/USED/NEH/USDA/NASA, Survey of Earned Doctorates
New Postdocs in U.S. on Temporary Visas by Field of Study: 2000–09
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Biennial longitudinal survey of individuals from the SED
Research doctorates in science, engineering, or health (SEH) fields
Followed through age 75
2008 Response rate: 81 percent
Survey of Doctorate Recipients (SDR)
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Selected Survey Items on the SDR
• Citizenship status• Marital status• Age
Demographics
• Degrees• Field of study• Year of degree award
Recent Educational Experiences
• Occupation• Sector of employment• Postdoc status• Work activities• Salary
Employment
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SDR Postdoc Questions
What was the title of the principal job you held during the week of [survey reference week]?
Was this job a “postdoc”?
A “postdoc” is a temporary position awarded in academe, industry, a non-profit organization, or government primarily for gaining additional education and training in research.
Yes No
(If Yes) What were your reasons for taking this postdoc?
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Doctoral scientists and engineers on postdoctoral appointments, by citizenship status and sex: 2006 & 2008
April 2006 October 2008
Count Percent Count Percent
Total on Postdoc 29,890 100.0% 27,300 100.0%
Citizenship
U.S. citizen 18,260 61.1% 16,700 61.2%
Non-U.S. citizen 11,630 38.9% 10,500 38.5%
Sex
Male 17,790 59.5% 16,200 59.3%
Female 12,100 40.5% 11,000 40.3%NOTE: Numbers are rounded to nearest 10 in 2006 and nearest 100 in 2008. Due to rounding, data may not add to total.
SOURCE: NSF/NIH, Survey of Doctorate Recipients 25
Employed doctoral scientists and engineers on postdoctoral appointments, by sex: 2006 & 2008
NOTE: Numbers are rounded to nearest 10 in 2006 and nearest 100 in 2008. Due to rounding, data may not add to total.
SOURCE: NSF/NIH, Survey of Doctorate Recipients
Employed full time or part time April 2006 October 2008
Count Percent Count Percent
Males
Total employed 438,900 100.0% 451,300 100.0%
Postdocs 17,790 4.1% 16,200 3.6%
Females
Total employed 182,730 100.0% 199,900 100.0%
Postdocs 12,100 6.6% 11,000 5.5%
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SOURCE: NSF/NIH, Survey of Doctorate Recipients
Postdoc status of doctoral scientists and engineers, by years since doctorate and broad field of doctorate: 2008
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Field Count Percent
Total in postdoc 27,300 100.0%
Science 23,600 86.4%
Biological/agricultural/environmental life sciences 14,900 54.6%
Computer/information sciences 300 1.1%
Mathematics/statistics 600 2.2%
Physical sciences 5,100 18.7%
Psychology 2,200 8.1%
Social sciences 500 1.8%
Engineering 3,000 11.0%
Health 700 2.6%
Doctoral scientists and engineers employed as postdocs, by field of doctorate: 2008
NOTE: Numbers are rounded to nearest 100. Due to rounding, data may not add to total.
SOURCE: NSF/NIH, Survey of Doctorate Recipients 28
Doctoral scientists and engineers on postdoctoral appointments, by employment sector: 2006 & 2008
Employment sector April 2006 October 2008
Count Percent Count Percent
All sectors 29,890 100.0% 27,300 100.0%
Educational institutions 23,600 79.0% 18,200 66.7%
Business/industry 3,780 12.6% 5,600 20.5%
Government 2,500 8.4% 3,500 12.8%
NOTE: Numbers are rounded to nearest 10 in 2006 and nearest 100 in 2008. Due to rounding, data may not add to total.
SOURCE: NSF/NIH, Survey of Doctorate Recipients 29
Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in S&E (GSS)
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Postdoc Data from the GSS
Demographics
Largest Source of Support
Mechanism of Support
Doctoral Degree Type
Origin of Doctoral Degree
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Distribution of Postdocs in S&E
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Female Share of Postdocs in S&E
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Foreign Postdocs in S&E Proportion of postdocs in science and engineering fields with temporary visas: 1989–2009
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Survey of Postdoctorates at Federally Funded Research and Development Centers
(FFRDC Survey)
Annual census survey of all FFRDCs from NSF’s Master Government List and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Intramural Research Program
2010 survey
• 39 FFRDCs
• NIH’s Intramural Research Program
Response Rate: 100%35
Postdoc Data from the FFRDC Survey
Postdoc definition
Demographics
Sex
Citizenship Status
Financial Support
Field of Research
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Postdocs at FFRDCs
NOTE: FFRDC - Federally Funded Research and Development Center. Data were not collected in 2008
SOURCE: Survey of Postdoctorates at Federally Funded Research and Development Centers, FY 2007, 2009, 2010
Administration Type Total Number of Postdocs
2007 (n=22 FFRDCs)
2009 (n=23 FFRDCs)
2010(n=22 FFRDCs)
All Types 2,235 100% 2,449 100% 3,011 100%
University-administered FFRDCs 825 37% 1,022 42% 1,234 41%
Nonprofit-administered FFRDCs 443 20% 557 23% 719 24%
Industry-administered FFRDCs 967 43% 870 36% 1,058 35%
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Postdocs at FFRDCs by Source of Support and Citizenship
Source of Support
Federal Nonfederal
All postdocs
Total Federal
U.S. Citizens &
Permanent Residents
Temporary visa
holders
Total Non-
federal
U.S. citizens &
permanent residents
Temporary visa
holders
2007 2,235 2,030 837 1,193 205 62 143
2009 2,449 2,258 770 1,124 181 52 42
2010 3,011 2,541 1,032 1,509 184 64 120
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NOTE: FFRDC - Federally Funded Research and Development Center. Data were not collected in 2008
SOURCE: Survey of Postdoctorates at Federally Funded Research and Development Centers, FY 2007, 2009, 2010
Postdocs at NIH Intramural Research Program by Source of Support and Citizenship
Source of Support
Federal Nonfederal
All postdocs
Total Federal
U.S. Citizens &
Permanent Residents
Temporary visa
holders
Total Non-
federal
U.S. citizens &
permanent residents
Temporary visa
holders
2007 3,367 3,250 1,302 1,948 117 12 105
2009 3,635 3,550 1,491 2,059 85 2 83
2010 3,539 3,497 1,558 1,939 42 3 39
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NOTE: Data were not collected in 2008
SOURCE: Survey of Postdoctorates at Federally Funded Research and Development Centers, FY 2007, 2009, 2010
Early Career Doctorate Study (ECD)
Fill gaps in data from current NCSES surveys, including GSS, SED, and SDR
Collect information from ECD holders, including postdocs, about their characteristics, experiences, and outcomes
• Education• Professional activities• Employer demographics• Professional and personal life balance• Training and research opportunities• Career paths and plans
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ECD
2012 Pilot study of individual ECDs in the Academic and Government employment sectors• GSS eligibile institutions • FFRDCs• NIH Intramural Research Program (IRP)
Develop frame for employment sectors
2013 full-scale data collection of the individual ECDs in the Academic and Government sectors
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Higher Education R&D Survey (HERD)
Census of all universities and colleges with minimum of $150,000 in R&D spending (N = 725 in FY 2009)
Conducted annually from FY 1972–2009 as the Survey of R&D Expenditures at Universities and Colleges, expanded and renamed Higher Education R&D Survey for FY 2010
Voluntary (response rates regularly over 95%)
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HERD
Collects expenditures for all separately budgeted R&D performed at institutions during previous FY
Data published at the institution level, public release of FY 2010 data expected in late 2011/early 2012
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HERD• Expenditures by source of funding and field of R&D
• Character of work (basic research, applied research, or development)
• Amount expended on research equipment, by R&D field
• Amount passed through to subrecipients or received as a subrecipient
• R&D expenditures with funds from foreign sources
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HERD• R&D expenditures within a medical school
• Federal and nonfederal clinical trial R&D expenditures
• R&D expenditures from ARRA awards
• Specific cost elements of R&D expenditures (salaries, software, equipment, etc.)
• Number of personnel and postdocs paid from R&D accounts
FY 2010 requested number of postdocs paid from salaries and wages included in total R&D expenditures reported
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HERD Postdoc Definition
1. Holds a recent doctorate awarded within the last 5 years• PhD or equivalent degree such as an ScD or DEng or
first professional degree in a medical or related field (MD, DDS,DO, DVM) or
• Foreign degree equivalent to a U.S. doctoral degree
2. Has a limited-term appointment, no more than 5–7 years• Primarily for training in research or scholarship; and• Working under the supervision of a senior scholar in a
unit affiliated with institution
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John Finamore, NSCG: 703-292-2258, jfinamor@nsf.gov
Mark Fiegener, SED: 703-292-4622, mfiegene@nsf.gov
Lynn Milan, SDR: 703-292-2275, lmilan@nsf.gov
Kelly Kang, GSS: 703-292-7796, kkang@nsf.gov
Kelly Phou, ECDS: 703-292-4722, kphou@nsf.gov
Ronda Britt, HERD: 703-292-7765, rbritt@nsf.gov
NCSES Contact Information
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