Mud Architecture…..

Seema makwana priyanshi desai

Krupa prajapati

Shriyal jain

Introduction... Mud has been the most essential of building

materials since the dawn of the man. Approximately 58% of all buildings in India are

mud brick and a growing construction boom in India.

Mud is a building material which has already being tested and tried for thousands of years.

It is used in modern day construction and the method of using it is very different.

Introduction… Mud has its own limitations which can be

overcome. The main advantage of mud is we do not

need lot of energy to manufacture it unlike brick, cement, steel, concrete, etc.

Mud construction is mainly found in places which are relatively dry and have mud in abundance.

Various construction methodsare: COB: COB is good for anything except height. It is

particularly good for curved or round walls. PISE OR RAMMED EARTH : PISE OR RAMMED

EARTH is strong and ideal for solid, squat, single storey houses.

ADOBE: ADOBE or SUN DRIED BRICKS can easily cope with two storey houses.

PRESSED BRICKS: PRESSED BRICKS smooth and very strong and can build three storey.

WATTLE & DAUB METHOD: WATTLE & DAUB is elegant and fine for Seismic Zones.

COB.. A very stiff mud is prepared by mixing mud and water in the

proportion of 1:3 and it is moulded into huge elongated egg shape.

The elongated egg shape mud is 12 to 18-inches, (30 to 40-cm) long and about 6-inches (15-cm) in diameter.

For making a wall ,a row of cob is placed in proper line and is pressed to avoid gaps n crack.

In this way two to three layers of cobs are placed one above the other and the sides are smoothed to avoid cracks n gap.

For making openings of door wooden frame or kerosene tins are used to make the openings.

COB..

RAMMED EARTH This is a method in which the strength of the wall can be

increased by increasing the thickness of the wall. Two parallel planks are held firmly apart by metal rods

and clips or bolts, or by small crosspieces of wood. Stiff mud is thrown in between these two planks and

rammed down with either a wooden or metal ramrod. When one section is completed and hard, the two planks

are then raised up and a second course of rammed earth is repeated over the first.

RAMMED EARTH

ADOBE Blocks are kept covered with air tight polythene sheets for

first 48 hrs with relative humidity up to 100. Polythene sheets shall be removed after 48 hrs and the

blocks shall be kept in shaded area like having enough air circulation.

Sprinkle water over blocks daily, as many times needed, during 28 days.

Write date of production on block corner. Cover stacks top with coconut leaves or any other cover to

avoid direct sunlight. Principle is that blocks shall not dry for 4weeks.

ADOBE

WATTLE AND DAUB Wattle and daub method is an old and common

method of building mud structures. Bamboo and cane frame structure that supports

the roof. Mud is plastered over this mesh of bamboo cane

and straws Due to excessive rainfall the Wattle and Daub

structures gets washed off. However, the mesh of cane or split bamboo

remains intact and after the heavy rain is over the mud is plastered on again.

WATTLE AND DAUB

Taos Pueblo (New Mexico) Arg-e bam (southeastern Iran,)

Examples of mud construction

Examples of mud construction

Djinguereber Mosque (West Africa.) West Africa (Uzbekistan)

Advantages of Mud… Environmental impact To save natural resources. Using neither cement nor rock (Save our mountains. To save building materials Main materials are soil and water, mixed to be mud, if the

mud is too sticky, we can add up with paddy husky or rice straw or local fiber weed or bamboo.

Energy use To save energy Cool in summer (Inside building temperature is about 24°c to

26°c

DISADVANTAGE… Humidity Humidity is the crucial factor, mud-house

will easily be fungus. Foul odour The brand- new mud-house may have foul

odor of crushed green leaves