Present System Verb Review

2014

Verbs

• Verbs tell what a subject IS or DOES.• Verbs also indicate the time, or TENSE, of an

action. For example: past, present, future.• Verbs have 3 PERSONS in both the singular

and plural:

Reviewing Verb Conjugations

1st conjugation verbs have –o, -are as their dictionary endings like amo, amare.

2nd conjugation verbs have –eo, -ere as their dictionary endings like doceo, docere.

Reviewing Verb Conjugations

3rd conjugation verbs have –o, -ere as their

dictionary endings like pono, ponere.

3rd –io verbs have –io, -ere as their dictionary endings like capio, capere.

4th conjugation verbs have –io, -ire as their dictionary endings like audio, audire.

Verbs: “Persons”

Singular Plural

1st person I… we…2nd person you… you (y’all )…3rd person he, she, it… they…

In the active voice, the subjectPERFORMS THE ACTION of the verb.

Puellae aquam portant.

In the passive voice, the subject is ACTED UPON by the verb.

Aqua a puellis portatur.

Finding the Present Stem

• amo, amare• laboro, laborare• paro, parare• porto, portare• specto, spectare

• AMA-• LABORA-• PARA-• PORTA-• SPECTA-

Present Active Tense Endings

The present active tense = Present Stem + Present Active Endings

First Person

Second Person

Third Person

o

s

t

I

you

he, she,it

Singular Plural

nt

tis

mus we

you

they

First Person

Second

Person

Third Person

Am o

Ama s

Ama t

Ama

Ama

Ama

mus

tis

nt

I loveI am lovingI do love

You loveYou are lovingYou do love

He lovesHe is lovingHe does love

We loveWe are lovingWe do love

You loveYou are lovingYou do love

They loveThey are lovingThey do love

Present Active

Present Tense (Review!) 3rd, 3rd –io and 4th:

pono ponimusponis ponitisponit ponunt

capio capimuscapis capitiscapit capiunt

audio audimusaudis auditisaudit audiunt

Remember that the “e”

changes to “i” or “u”

Remember that this has

“i” in its stem

portare--passive voice

•portor• I am (being) carried…

•portaris• you are (being)

carried…

•portatur

•portamur•portamini

•portantur

Imperfect Tense

• Imperfect tense is a past tense.• It shows past action uncompleted.• There are several ways to translate imperfect

tense:– was verbing– used to verb– kept on verbing– verbed

Imperfect Active Tense Endings

The present active tense = Present Stem + Imperfect Active Endings

First Person

Second Person

Third Person

BAM

BAS

BAT

I

you

he, she,it

Singular Plural

BANT

BATIS

BAMUS we

you

they

First Person

Second

Person

Third Person

Ama bam

Ama bas

Ama bat

Ama

Ama

Ama

bamus

batis

bant

I was lovingI used to loveI kept on loving

I loved

You were lovingYou used to loveYou kept on loving

You loved

He was loving…

(etc.)

We were loving

(etc.)

You were loving…(etc.)

They were loving(etc.)

Imperfect Tense

3rd/ 3rd-io/4th Imperfect Tense (“was….”)

ponebam ponebamusponebas ponebatisponebat ponebant

capiebam capiebamuscapiebas capiebatiscapiebat capiebant

audiebam audiebamusaudiebas audiebatisaudiebat audiebant

Imperfect Tense---passive voice

• -bar• I was being verbed

• -baris• you were being verbed

• -batur• he/she/it was being verbed

• -bamur• we were being verbed

• -bamini• Y’all were being verbed

• -bantur• They were being verbed

Imperfect Tense Practice

• Spectabamus• Portabat• Amabas• Parabatis• Navigabam• Monstrabant

• We were watching• He/she/it was carrying• You were loving• Y’all were preparing• I was sailing• They were showing

Future Tense Verbs

• The future tense refers to something that will or is going to happen at a future time.

• In English, we use the helping verbs “will” or “shall” to express future tense.

• Latin uses prefixes on the present tense verb endings to make future tense verb endings, like this…

Future Tense EndingsActive Voice

Singular Plural

1st -BO (I will...) -BIMUS (we will…)

2nd -BIS (you will...) -BITIS (y’all will…)

3rd -BIT (he/she/it will…) -BUNT (they will…)

1st and 2nd Conjugations ONLY

First Person

Second

Person

Third Person

Ama bo

Ama bis

Ama bit

Ama

Ama

Ama

bimus

bitis

bunt

I will love

You will love

He/she/it will love

We will

love

Ya’ll will love

They will love

Future Tense---passive voice 1st/2nd conjugation

• -bor• I will be verbed

• -beris• you will be verbed

• -bitur• he/she/it will be verbed

• -bimur• we will be verbed

• -bimini• y’all will be verbed

• -buntur• they will be verbed

Let’s practice translating future tense verbs!

1. amabo 2. spectabit 3. portabunt 4. parabitis 5. spectabis

6. parabo 7. laborabit 8. laborabimus

Singular Plural1st -BO (I will...) -BIMUS (we will…)2nd -BIS (you will...) -BITIS (y’all will…)3rd -BIT (he/she/it will…) -BUNT (they will…)

Making FUTURE Tense

FUTURE TENSE for these verbs (3rd, 3rd –io, and 4th) looks very similar to their PRESENT TENSE.

The only difference is the vowels you use before the personal endings.

Do NOT use the bo, bis, bit endings like we do for 1st and 2nd conjugations!

Future Tense (“will….”)

ponam ponemuspones ponetisponet ponent

capiam capiemuscapies capietiscapiet capient

audiam audiemusaudies audietisaudiet audient

3rd –io has an ‘i’ in every

form!

4th already has ‘i’ in its stem!

·Present Tense

·pono ponimus·ponis ponitis·ponit ponunt

·Future Tense

·ponam ponemus·pones ponetis·ponet ponent

So…what does it mean???• Cibum in carrum ponimus.• We place the food into the cart.

• Cibum in carrum ponemus.• We will place the food into the cart.

• You know ponemus is future because you know that pono, ponere is 3rd conjugation and 3rd conjugation verbs use “E” in their future tense endings.

Every “E” Is Not Future Tense • 2nd conjugation verbs have “e” that occurs naturally in

their PRESENT tense.• 2nd conjugation verbs: -eo, -ere• doceo, docere: teach

• Present Tense Future Tense• doceo docemus docebo docebimus• doces docetis docebis docebitis• docet docent docebit docebunt

Things To Take Away With You!• If a verb ends in bo, bis, bit, bimus, bitis, bunt, it’s

DEFINITELY future tense.• If a verb ends in –am it’s DEFINITELY future tense (1st

person, “I will…”)• If a verb ends in –es, -et, -emus, -etis, -ent it’s either

PRESENT or FUTURE. Check its conjugation to see:• 2nd conjugation: PRESENT• 3rd/4th conjugation: FUTURE• If a verb ending has a combination of –ie-, it’s always

future tense (unless it has a –ba- there!)

Future Tense---passive voice 3rd/4th conjugation

• -ar• I will be verbed

• -eris• you will be verbed

• -etur• he/she/it will be verbed

• -emur• we will be verbed

• -emini• y’all will be verbed

• -entur• they will be verbed

Practice! You may work with a partner.Get a “check” for daily credit!

• Puellae equos agunt.• Puellae equos agent.• Caesar oppidum capit.• Caesar oppidum capiet.• Captivi ab oppido in silvam fugiunt.• Litteras ad Marcum, amicum meum, mittam.• Servus ab casa fugiet.• Viri puellas defendent.• I will lead the horses.• We will send a messenger to town.

“SUM”

• “Sum” is the “to be” verb.• Like other languages, including English, “sum”

is an irregular verb in Latin.• Let’s look at “be” in English first. See how its

forms are all different in the singular?

Singular Plural

I am We areYou are Y’all areHe/she/it is They are

Present Tense: SUMtext p. 109

Singular Plural

sum I am sumus we arees you are estis y’all areest he/she/ it is sunt they are

These are stand-alone words, not

endings.

“SUM” in action!

• Nauta sum.• Est regina.• Es agricola bonus.• Sunt mali.• Sumus parvi.• Estis reginae.

• I am a sailor.• She is a queen.• You are a good farmer.• They are bad.• We are small.• Y’all are queens.

Imperfect Tense: ERAMtext p. 181

Singular Plural

eram I was eramus we wereeras you were eratis y’all wereerat he/she/ it was erant they were

These are stand-alone words, not

endings.

“ERAM” in action!

• Nauta eram.• Erat regina.• Eras agricola bonus.• Erant mali.• Eramus parvi.• Eratis reginae.

• I was a sailor.• She was a queen.• You were a good farmer.• They were bad.• We were small.• Y’all were queens.

Future Tense: EROtext p. 127 (1st chart only)

Singular Plural

ero I will be erimus we will beeris you will be eritis y’all will beerit he/she/ it will be erunt they will be

These are stand-alone words, not

endings.

“ERO” in action!

• Nauta ero.• Erit servus.• Eris agricola bonus.

• Erunt laeti (happy).• Numerus erit parvus.

• Victoria erit grata.

• I will be a sailor.• He will be a slave.• You will be a good

farmer.• They will be happy.• The number will be

small.• Victory will be pleasing.

Pop Quiz!

• erat• sum• eris• es• eramus

• portabimus• amo• docent• amatis• docebat

Pop Quiz!

• He/she/it was• I am• You will be• You are• We were

• We will carry• I love/do love/am

loving• They teach/do

teach/are teaching• Y’all love/do

love/are loving• He/she/it was

teaching/used to teach/kept on teaching/taught