natural

Absolutely everything is made of matter. All matter has a mass and a volume. Mass is the amount of matter.Volume is the space it takes up. Matter can be natural or man-made and exists in three states: solid, liquid and gas.

Matter

Absolutely everything is made of matter.

All matter has a mass and a volume.

Mass is the amount of matter.

Volume is the space it takes up.

Matter can be natural or man-made

Matter can be natural or man-made and exists in three states: solid, liquid and gas.

What is matter?

are the smallest particles of matter.

A is made when two or more different atoms join together.

Atoms

molecule

atomsmolecule

We need a microscope to see them. They are represented by 1 or 2 letters: O, N, H, Fe, Cl, Na …

Atoms

molecule

Properties of materials

Properties of materials

Materials that are very difficult to scratch or cut.

Materials that are easily scratched or cut.

Materials that are difficult to break.

Materials that are easy to break.

Materials that are easy to bend and fold.

Materials that go back to their shape after we squash or strech them.

HardSoftFragile Tough

Flexible

Plastic

diamond

chalk

steel

glass

polythene

sponge

Thermal conductors and insulators

Thermal conductors and insulatorsWhy do we feel heat?Molecules in matter are always moving. Sometimes, they move FAST. Sometimes, they move SLOWLY.

When they move FAST , we feel HEAT.When they move SLOWLY , we feel COLD.

THERMAL CONDUCTORSTheir molecules are free to move about. This means they can get very hot.

glass metal

THERMAL INSULATORSTheir molecules are close together and can’t move about. This means they can’t get hot.

plastic wood

Mixtures and solutions

MIXTURE = TWO SUBSTANCES MIXED TOGETHER.

HETEROGENEOUS Mixture

· We can see the separate substances. · Their molecules don’t mix.

Bowl of nutsMilk and cereals

HOMOGENEOUS mixture (solution)

· We can’t see the separate substances. · One substance dissolves into the other. Their molecules mix. [ SOLUTION = SOLUTE + SOLVENT ]Solute: The substance that dissolves.Solvent: The substance that dissolves it.

Milk and coffeeWater and sugar

Mixtures and solutions

Changes in matter

PHYSICAL CHANGEThe molecules move about but their structure doesn’t change.

CHEMICAL CHANGENew molecules are made and the matter is changed forever.

SHAPE

PLACE

TEMPERATURE

STATE

ROTBURN

RUST

FERMENT