Post on 08-Apr-2018
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SOLAR BASED LED LIGHTING SYSTEM
FOR
LABS BLOCK OF BAHRIA UNIVERSITY
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Group Members� ASADULLAH KHAN
� MUDDASSIR HAYAT
� M. MAHMOOD SULTAN
Advisor
� Dr. Khalid Anis
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Photovoltaic (PV) CellsPhotovoltaic (PV) Cells
The word photovoltaic comes from ³photo´The word photovoltaic comes from ³photo´
meaning light, and ³voltaic´ which refers tomeaning light, and ³voltaic´ which refers to
producing electricity.producing electricity.
PV Cells convert sunlight directly intoPV Cells convert sunlight directly into
electricity without creating any air or water electricity without creating any air or water
pollution.pollution.
Because the source of light is usually theBecause the source of light is usually the
sun, they are often called solar cells.sun, they are often called solar cells.
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PV Cell are made of at least two layers of PV Cell are made of at least two layers of
semiconductor material.semiconductor material.
When light enters the cell, some of theWhen light enters the cell, some of thephotons from the light are absorbed by thephotons from the light are absorbed by the
semiconductor atoms,semiconductor atoms,
freeing electrons from the cell¶s negativefreeing electrons from the cell¶s negative
layer to flow through an external circuit andlayer to flow through an external circuit and
back into the positive layer.back into the positive layer.
How PV Cell Works?How PV Cell Works?
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This flow of electrons produces electricThis flow of electrons produces electric
current.current.
How PV Cell Works?How PV Cell Works?
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Key Advantages Of PV CellKey Advantages Of PV Cell
Require minimal maintenanceRequire minimal maintenance
have no direct impact on the environmenthave no direct impact on the environment
have no moving partshave no moving parts Long lifeLong life
Low operating CostLow operating Cost
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About LEDs
A semiconductor device
Emits Photons when energy is passed
Low Power: 20 W LED § 80 Watts TubeLights
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Why LED Lighting??Why LED Lighting??
Low Energy ConsumptionLow Energy Consumption
Extremely long lifeExtremely long life
Smallest dimensionsSmallest dimensions
No ultraNo ultra--violet or violet or
infrared radiationinfrared radiation
Directed light throughDirected light throughoptical lensesoptical lenses
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LED'sLED's
VsVsEnergy SaversEnergy Savers
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Why LED¶s??Why LED¶s??
One Energy saver: 25 Watts
One energy saver can bereplaced by 12 Watts LED Lamp
LED lamps : 70% saving
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Energy SaversEnergy Savers
12 hr¶s of light up a day :12 hr¶s of light up a day :
25 Watts x 12 hours = 300 W.hr 25 Watts x 12 hours = 300 W.hr
In a month :In a month :
300 w.hr x 30 = 9 KW.hr 300 w.hr x 30 = 9 KW.hr
On the rate of Rs.10 / KW.hr On the rate of Rs.10 / KW.hr
9 kw.hr x 10 = Rs. 909 kw.hr x 10 = Rs. 90 For 7 energy saversFor 7 energy savers
Rs.90 x 7 = Rs. 630Rs.90 x 7 = Rs. 630
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LED·sLED·s
12 hr¶s of light up a day :12 hr¶s of light up a day :
12Watts x 12 hours = 144 W.hr 12Watts x 12 hours = 144 W.hr
In a month :In a month :
144 W.hr x 30 = 4.32 KW.hr 144 W.hr x 30 = 4.32 KW.hr
On the rate of Rs.10 / KW.hr On the rate of Rs.10 / KW.hr
4.32 KW.hr x 10 = Rs. 43.24.32 KW.hr x 10 = Rs. 43.2 For 7 lightsFor 7 lights
Rs.43.2 x 7 = Rs. 302.4Rs.43.2 x 7 = Rs. 302.4
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SavingsSavings
Energy savers costsEnergy savers costs Rs. 630 a monthRs. 630 a month
Same light from LED¶sSame light from LED¶s Rs. 302 a monthRs. 302 a month
52% Saving52% Saving
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LED Lamp: Sample
Used 18 surface mount Power LEDs.
Power Consumption: 12 Watts
Power feed: 12 V DC
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LED Lamp: Sample
Used 432 5mm White LEDs in 4x4 fixture
Power Consumption: 24 Watts
Can replace two 40 Watts Tube lights
Power feed: 12 V DC.
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System sizingSystem sizing
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7 lamps of 12 Watts each7 lamps of 12 Watts each
12 Watts x 7 = 84 Watts12 Watts x 7 = 84 Watts
14 hour¶s of Light Up14 hour¶s of Light Up
84 Watts x 14 hr¶s = 1.176 KW.hr a day84 Watts x 14 hr¶s = 1.176 KW.hr a day
Required PV Array:Required PV Array:
1.176 KW.hr/6 hr¶s of sunshine § 196 Watts1.176 KW.hr/6 hr¶s of sunshine § 196 Watts
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For Worst Case Scenario
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Including 25% inefficiencies in solar Including 25% inefficiencies in solar
panelspanels
PV Array : 250 WattsPV Array : 250 Watts
Current Rating For Charge Controller Current Rating For Charge Controller
250Watts/12V = 20.83 § 20Amps250Watts/12V = 20.83 § 20Amps
For Worst Case Scenario
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Batteries Required
1500 W.hr/12 V = 125 Ah1500 W.hr/12 V = 125 Ah § 145Ah§ 145Ah
145Ah + 145 Ah( 1 day back up) = 290 Ah145Ah + 145 Ah( 1 day back up) = 290 Ah
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FinallyFinally
1.1. 55 ×× 50W Panels50W Panels
2.2. 12V, 20 Amps Charge Controllers12V, 20 Amps Charge Controllers
3.3. 22 ×× 145Amp 12 Volts Batteries145Amp 12 Volts Batteries4.4. 7 LED Lamps (12 Watts Of Each)7 LED Lamps (12 Watts Of Each)
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Components of Solar ElectricComponents of Solar Electric
SystemSystem Photovoltaic (solar electric) panelsPhotovoltaic (solar electric) panels
Charge controller Charge controller
BatteriesBatteries
Inverter (not the Part of In Our Case)Inverter (not the Part of In Our Case)
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Block Diagram
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Charge Controller
Heart of Solar Power System
An interface between Solar cells, battery
and load.
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A Charge ControllerA Charge Controller
Block¶s reverse currentBlock¶s reverse current
Prevent battery overchargePrevent battery overcharge
Prevent battery over discharge (LowPrevent battery over discharge (LowVoltage Disconnect)Voltage Disconnect)
Control Set Points vs. TemperatureControl Set Points vs. Temperature
Overload ProtectionOverload Protection
Display battery statusDisplay battery status
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CHARGE CONTROLLERCHARGE CONTROLLER
BatteryBattery
ChargingCharging
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LowLowVoltageVoltage
DisconnectDisconnect
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Charge Controller: Features
Reliable all solid-state circuitry, no power
hungry relays
Temperature compensated Fuse for protection from excessive load
and solar charging currents.
Reverse battery polarity blows the fuse,the rest of the circuitry is protected.
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Charge Controller: Controls
Load On-Off Switch
float voltage adjustment pot
Low voltage disconnect set point pot.
Equalize terminals for periodic
maintenance overcharging.
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Charge Controller: Indicators
Red LED : Battery Charging
Yellow LED: Float indication.
Green LED : Load-Power indication
Amber LED : Low-Voltage indication
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Charge Controller: Specifications
Nominal Battery Voltage: 12V
Absolute maximum PV input voltage: 25VDC
Load Voltage Ratings: 12V nominal, 11V-13.8V
typical range. Float Voltage Range: 13.0V-16.1V (range can
be altered).
Low Voltage Disconnect Range: 10.0V-13.0V.
Voltage Drop During Charging: 0.5V @ 3A, 1V@ 9A.
Equalize voltage rise: 1.8V.
Temperature Compensation: -7.5mV/Degree C.
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Implementation
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LED Level IndicatorLED Level Indicator
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