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1 Chief of Force Development / Chef du Développement des Forces

Presentation to Arctic Patrol & Reconnaissance 2015

RadarSat Constellation Mission (RCM)

Colonel Jeff Dooling

Director of Space Requirements

Director General Space

Canadian Armed Forces

Canadian RADARSAT Heritage

1995- 2013

Government

Commercial

Launch – 2018

Government

• C-Band radars

• Hi-Res= ~1M

• Optimised for Wide-Area surveillance

• Unclassified data

R2 vs RCM Contrast

R2 provides:

Mapping updated every 4 days

Canadian land mass coverage update every 3.5 weeks

Exact revisit every 24 days

Northern and southern coverage

Insufficient coverage for operational purposes (vessels, ice, pollution)dance of detection

RCM will provide:

Daily coverage/mapping of Canadian areas of interest

Canadian land mass coverage update better than weekly

Operational responsiveness

Exact revisit every 4 days

Increased maritime probability of detection

Growing the Constellation R2 Only

Growing the Constellation R2, RCM

Growing the Constellation R2, RCM, RCEP

Polar Epsilon Receiving Stations

Polar Epsilon • Leverages RADARSAT-2 Space-Based Radar • $64.5 M Ground Segment with $445M R2 Data Allocation to GoC • Rapid Continental Maritime Domain Awareness Ship Position Reports output • Imagery Product File < 15 minutes • Separate commercial SB-AIS data service $5M annually

Polar Epsilon 2 • Leverages RADARSAT Constellation

Mission • Integrated Space Segment, SB-SAR & SB-

AIS • $142 M Ground Segment • Continental Rapid dissemination < 15

minutes • Global Coverage Data available in 3 hours

RCM Military Utility

• Maritime Domain – Unclassified Data

– Open - Ocean Surveillance

– Cueing Sensor for other assets

– All Weather Operations

– Not dependant on day light

• Arctic Domain – Includes all MDA missions

– Mapping and Charting

– Land Surveillance – CCD

– Anomaly Detection

– Establish Pattern of Life

– Very High Refresh Rates

• Expeditionary Operations – Includes all MDA missions

– Mapping and Charting

– Land Surveillance – CCD

– Anomaly Detection

– Establish Pattern of Life

– Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield

– Battle Damage Assessment

– Support to Humanitarian Assistance / Disaster Response

RCM FOR MARITIME DOMAIN AWARENESS (MDA)

Coverage Canadian Domestic AOI

1200 nm

Space Based Automatic Identification System (SB-AIS)

SB-AIS Field of View

• Ship self reporting system • Intended for collision avoidance

& vessel traffic services • International Maritime

Organization: Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) convention

• Mandated for vessels > 300 gross tons (requirement expanding)

• > 70,000 Class-A ships • Maritime VHF band (terrestrial

line-of-sight): AIS 1 - 161.975 MHz; AIS 2 - 162.025 MHz

• Broadcast ship information includes: MMSI Position Heading, Time, Course, Speed, Rate of Turn, Cargo

• Evolving into a surveillance asset: Coastal, buoy, aircraft, spacecraft.

Global Space-Based AIS

Transforming Maritime Domain Awareness for MDA

• Transformational Capability

• RCM detect Ships >25m

•New challenge to filter and assess many tracks

• Provides a complex picture without identification

Identifying Vessels of Interest

•AIS payload on RCM“identifies” ships

•Non-Compliant ships are “Vessels of Interest”

• Focus on vessels with abnormal behaviour

• Cueing for Intelligence and Law Enforcement agencies

Marshalling the Response

RADARSAT Coverage of Major Shipping Routes

Atlantic Pacific

# of Satellites Detect (%) Track (%) Detect (%) Track (%)

R2 50 33 58 27

3 RCM 100 100 92 77

R2 + 3 RCM 100 100 100 83

Smuggling

Routes

Piracy

Smuggling

Routes

Fuzing RadarSat AIS & SAR

RCM SAR/AIS & R2

20 Chief of Force Development / Chef du Développement des Forces 20

• Sovereignty

• National Defence

• Core partner assistance

•Law Enforcement & National Security Mandate

• Integrated Border/Customs Services

• Advanced passenger / crew information

• Passenger/Crew/Goods information on arrival

• Oceans Act-Safety of Navigation

• Canada Shipping Act-Surveillance and Response

•Enforce Fisheries, Oceans, & Species at Risk Acts

•Marine/inland science, hydrography & fishing

harbour structures

Mandate & Authority to collect & share information Resources

•Marine Security Policy, Act and Regulations

•Regulatory Enforcement / SOLAS requirements

•Port State Control / Vessels Entering Canada

MSOC & RJOC Atlantic & Pacific

OTHER RCM APPLICATIONS – WHOLE OF GOVERNMENT

Regulatory Enforcement

Disaster Management

Preparedness and response Disaster warning

Prevention and mitigation

Natural Resources Management

Crop Classification

Geology Surface water

Wetlands

Coastlines

Agriculture

Northern Development

Questions

Polar Communications and

Weather (PCW) Arctic Satellite

Program Brief for Arctic Patrol and Reconnaissance, May 2015

Col Jeff Dooling

Director of Space Requirements

Canadian Department of National Defence

PCW Strategic Context

• Canada’s Northern Strategy • Supports Northern social and economic development through enhanced

broadband capability and improved public and transportation safety • Communications and weather forecasting improves the safety and security of

the working and living environment in Northern communities

• Canada First Defence Strategy • Provides essential capability for Arctic operations through reliable and

persistent tactical narrowband and strategic wideband communications

• Whole of Government Interest • Northern communities’ communications, remote communications • Weather changes in the North – impact to global weather events

• Arctic Foreign Interests • Letters of Interest from like-minded Arctic nations indicates potential

cooperative approach to Arctic Satellite Program

• Canada’s Space Policy Framework/Defence Procurement Strategy • Meeting defence communications requirements through Whole of Government

(WoG) approach • Leverages partnerships across government, private sector, academia • Assessing International Partnership interest

Polar Communications and Weather

(PCW) Arctic Satellite Program

A satellite constellation in a

polar-focussed orbit which

addresses Government of

Canada Northern Wideband and

Narrowband satellite

communications, Northern

weather monitoring and space

weather requirements.

COMBINED CANADIAN AND ALLIED SATCOM REQUIREMENTS

MAP LEGEND:

WIDEBAND:

24/7 coverage above 65ºN (green)

As much coverage as possible above 60ºN (orange)

As much partial coverage as possible above 55ºN (brown)

NARROWBAND:

24/7 coverage above 55°N (brown)

As much partial (i.e. non-24/7) global coverage as possible

What will PCW provide?

• A unique Canadian satellite program

to significantly enhance communications

and weather services in the Arctic

– Communications Military and civilian wideband

Military narrowband (tactical)

– Weather Monitoring Continuous imaging of Arctic circumpolar region for weather forecasting

and emergency response, environmental and climate monitoring

– Space Weather Monitoring Monitoring of solar magnetic and particle storms

• Satellite constellation in elliptical polar orbits – Earliest launch date: 2023

– 20 year mission (5 years to develop/build, 15 years operations)

CSA PCW Video

PCW Activities to Date

• In 2008, Government of Canada via Canadian Space Agency (CSA) initiated Feasibility Study

• Developed Mission Level Requirements • Government of Canada-owned/operated

constellation, with access offered to International Partners

• Government of Canada PCW Request for Interest released to Industry, 31 Oct 13

• Initial investigation into International Collaboration - Both military and civilian agencies

- Raised awareness and interest

Notional PCW coverage requirements:

Narrowband (UHF) communications

– above 55oN

Wideband communications

– above 65oN

Meteorological Imaging

– above 50oN

Focus on the Arctic

Allied Interest to Date

• Interest expressed by:

o US, Norway, Denmark

• Other interested countries /

partners:

o The Netherlands, Australia,

New Zealand

Possible PCW Wideband SATCOM Coverage

MAP LEGEND:

Canada wideband coverage (RED)

= mandatory 65⁰N-90⁰N (to complete Canadian Area of Interest)

= desired 60⁰N-90⁰N

Denmark wideband coverage (MAUVE)

= mandatory 70⁰N-90⁰N / 30⁰E-75⁰W; desired 66⁰N-90⁰N / 30⁰E-75⁰W

Norway wideband coverage (BROWN)

= mandatory 60⁰N-90⁰N / 40⁰E-40⁰W

= desired 60⁰N-90⁰N / 40⁰E-40⁰W + NW passage

US wideband coverage (BLUE) = mandatory 55⁰N-90⁰N; desired 20⁰N-90⁰N

PCW + Allies = Strategic Synergy

DND PCW

Funding

Allied

PCW Funding /

Contributions /

Equivalent Value

Exchange

Arctic Military

Narrowband

Arctic Military

Wideband

Arctic Civilian

Wideband

Arctic Weather

Monitoring

Space Weather

Allied Contribution Possibilities Results DND Contribution

Next Steps

• Conclude options analysis and development of Business Case

• Aggressively work towards earliest possible Request For

Proposal (RFP) release date (2015/2016)

• In parallel, conduct exploratory International Partner

discussions for possible contributions (2015/2016)

Conclusions

• There is a strong Government of Canada

policy context for improved communications

and weather services in the Arctic

• Canadian Space Agency studies and the PCW

‘Request for Information’ to Industry (2013)

demonstrates that PCW needs can be

substantially satisfied

• There is strong industry interest and capability

to deliver this type of mission, in alignment

with the Space Policy Framework

• There are opportunities for International

Partnerships to obtain access

• PCW is an enabler for Arctic nations

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