Post on 14-Jan-2016
transcript
Presentation to the Sustainable Water Resources
Roundtable April 2006
John GasperArgonne National Laboratory
(202-488-2420, jgasper@anl.gov)
Energy and Water are inextricably linked: Energy for water and water for energy
Energy and Water are inextricably linked: Energy for water and water for energy
Energy production requires water• Thermoelectric cooling• Hydropower• Extraction and mining• Fuel Production (H2, ethanol)• Emission controls
Water production anddistribution require energy• Pumping• Treatment• Transport
Energy development is already being affected by water constraintsEnergy development is already being affected by water constraints
• Water rates in the Las Vegas Valley will go up . . . because of increased electricity costs -- Las Vegas SUN, 2002
• Utility regulators put ecology ahead of electricity in rejecting a major power plant . . . . that would use 2,500 gallons per minute to cool its steam turbines
-- Arizona Daily Sun 2002• Georgia Power Loses Bid to Draw Water from Chattahoochee
-- Miami Herald, February 2002• EPA Orders Mass. Power Plant to Reduce Water Withdrawals
-- Providence Journal, RI, July 2002• Idaho Denies Water Rights Request for Power Plants
-- U.S. Water News Online, August 2002• Pennsylvania Nuclear Power Plant to Use Wastewater from Coal Mines
-- The Philadelphia Inquirer, July 2003• Utilities Warn of Power Crunch if Flows Are Cut
-- Greenwire, July 2003• Governor of South Dakota called summit to discuss drought on the Missouri River and the impacts on irrigation, drinking-water systems, and power plants
-- News Release, February 2005
Future energy development will put new demands on water resourcesFuture energy development will put new demands on water resources
1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000
Coal Mining
Coal Washing
Coal Slurry
Synfuel Production
Coalbed Methane
Uranium Mining
Uranium Processing
Oil Extraction
Enhanced Oil Recovery
EOR -- CO2 Injection
EOR -- Tertiary steam
Oil-Shale - in situ
Oil Sands
Oil Refining
Oil Shale - surface retort
Oil Storage
Natural gas extraction
Natural gas process
Natural gas pipeline (<1)
Hydrogen reforming
Corn for ethnaol (irrigated)
Ethanol processing
Soy for biodiesel (irrigated)
Biodiesel processing
Gallons/MMBTUth
Equivalent to1,000,000
Gallons/MWhe
@34.1% thermal to electric conversion
efficiency
• Many new technologies will be more water intensive
• Hydrogen economy would require even more water:
• Constraints will grow for energy development and power plant siting
Source: multiple sources, to appear in the DOE Report to Congress
Hydrogen Demand in Three Scenarios
0
10
20
30
4050
60
70
80
90
2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Met
ric
To
ns
(10^
6)
President's H2 Initiative DOE/NRCan 2050 StudyEIA Reference Case Extended
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
kWh
per
ac
re f
oo
t o
f w
ater
Public Water Supply Systems
Brackish Water Treatment
Sea Water Desalination
FutureToday
Power requirements for current and future water supply • Readily accessible fresh water
supplies are limited and have been fully allocated in some areas
– Pumping at deeper depths and longer conveyance distance require more energy
• New technologies to access and/or treat non-traditional water resources will require more energy per gallon of water
– Impaired water, produced water, brackish water, and sea water
Source: EPRI, 2000; Water Desalination Task Force, 2003
Future water supplies and treatment will be more energy intensiveFuture water supplies and treatment will be more energy intensive
New Science and Technology can helpNew Science and Technology can help
Understand supplies and demands better
Information systems to integrate energy-water databases
Computational science, hydrology, meteorology, energy policy & economics
Make new supplies availableNew materials and separation processesAdvanced desalinationTreatment of impaired and produced water
Use what we have more efficientlyIncrease water-use efficiency of energyOptimize water management for multi-uses
All types of R&D will be needed to address Energy~Water challengesAll types of R&D will be needed to address Energy~Water challenges
• Fundamental science for new knowledge and discoveries
• Technology development to apply new ideas to current and future problems
• Prediction/forecasting to guide R&D investments and improve decision-making
• Demonstration, testing/evaluation, and technology transfer to impact commercial markets
Congressional actions have converged with the EWN conceptsCongressional actions have converged with the EWN concepts
• Energy Policy Act gives DOE new Authorization for Water-related R&D– Sect. 979: Energy-Water Supply Technologies Program
• Water and Energy Sustainability Program– Assessments (collaboration w/ USACE and others)– Tools development for long-term planning– Report to Congress
• Domenici-Pombo Water Technology bills are pending– 2004 press conference, Senate and House introductions, but no hearings– 2005 introductions in House (H.R. 3182) and Senate (S. 1860)– Latest versions are scaled down significantly from 2004 version
FY05 appropriations are now supporting two Energy-Water effortsFY05 appropriations are now supporting two Energy-Water efforts
• Report to Congress – Consider energy and water interdependencies, trends in
energy and water supplies, threats and concerns to energy production
– Due to Congress by February 2006
• Energy-Water Roadmap for DOE– Assess emerging energy and water resource issues based
on user and stakeholder needs – Develop energy and water science and technology priorities– Due to DOE by September 2006
Report to CongressAt the Crossroads: Water Resource Impacts on Energy Security
Report to CongressAt the Crossroads: Water Resource Impacts on Energy Security
• Interdependencies– Energy Required by Water– Water Required by Energy
• Water Shortages and Impacts on Energy
• Opportunities to Secure Our Energy and Water Future
• Addressing Critical Energy – Water Challenges
Water for Energy
Executive CommitteeMeeting
Three Regional Needs Workshops : Central – East – West User and customer driven
8/05
Central – 11/05East – 12/05West – 1/06
9/05
9/30/06
Executive Committee consists of ~ 20 members from industry, government, and academic institutions to provide external direction and review of process.
3/06
5/06
6/06
8/06
Gap Analysis / EvaluateBy Executive Committee
Technology approaches /Innovation Workshop
Technology Provider Driven
Research Priorities /Strategies & Capabilities
Assessment
Peer Review
Publish
National Energy-Water Technology Roadmap ProcessNational Energy-Water Technology Roadmap Process
Timeline
Water for Energy
Executive CommitteeMeeting
Three Regional Needs Workshops : Central – East – West User and customer driven
8/05
Central – 11/05East – 12/05West – 1/06
9/05
9/30/06
Data, analysis, technology, policy issues of concern related to energy supply, water supply, energy impacts on water resources
Near-, mid-, long-term needs
Needs identified by representatives from industry, government, academic, NGOs
3/06
5/06
6/06
8/06
Regional Workshops to Characterize NeedsRegional Workshops to Characterize Needs
Timeline
Issues of concern identified fall into six topical areasIssues of concern identified fall into six topical areas
Integrated resource planning
Extracted and produced water
Information management systems databases and modeling
Water tech., efficiency, alternative sources
Management of surface and ground waters
Cost basis for water
Examples of Needs Common to Topical AreasExamples of Needs Common to Topical Areas
• Improved data on regional water availability and sustainability
• Coordinated regional natural resources and systems planning
• Improved materials, processes, and technologies to enhance water use efficiency and energy use efficiency
– Basic research in chemical and biological processes to improve energy and water use efficiency
– Applied research and more joint industry-government field demonstrations of emerging technologies
• Science-based and natural resource-based regulations and policy
• Improved economic evaluations of costs and benefits to reduce technology risks and accelerate implementation
Water for Energy
Executive CommitteeMeeting
Three Regional Needs Workshops : Central – East – West User and customer driven
8/05
Central – 11/05East – 12/05West – 1/06
9/05
9/30/06
Independent expert panel identifies gaps between needs and available information capabilities, technology
3/06
5/06
6/06
8/06
Gap Analysis / EvaluateBy Executive Committee
Characterization of GapsCharacterization of Gaps
Timeline
Gaps Analysis StatusGaps Analysis Status
• Workshop Held
• Draft gaps categories identified– Water supply, characterization, monitoring needs– Integrated regional resource planning and decision support tools– Water treatment– Renewable/unconventional energy technology– Biomass/biofuels– Thermoelectric power generation
• Analysis under preparation– Includes specific near-, mid-, long-term goals
Water for Energy
Executive CommitteeMeeting
Three Regional Needs Workshops : Central – East – West User and customer driven
8/05
Central – 11/05East – 12/05West – 1/06
9/05
9/30/06
Technology experts from industry, academia and research sectors identify potential technology- based solutions to gaps
3/06
5/06
6/06
8/06
Gap Analysis / EvaluateBy Executive Committee
Technology approaches /Innovation Workshop
Technology Provider Driven
Next StepsNext Steps
Timeline
Technology approaches /Innovation Workshop
Technology Provider Driven
Research Priorities /Strategies & Capabilities
Assessment
Peer Review
Publish
Energy and Water Sustainability Energy and Water Sustainability
• Growing recognition of importance of energy-water relationship in assuring energy security
• Science and technology can play an important role in meeting future energy and water needs
• Ongoing planning efforts will provide a path forward for research, development and technology innovation