Presented to: By: Date: Federal Aviation Administration FLIGHT TEST SAFETY WORKSHOP Flight Test...

transcript

Presented to:

Federal AviationAdministrationFLIGHT TEST SAFETY

WORKSHOP

Flight Test Safety Workshop

Jim Richmond Aircraft Certification ServiceFlight Program Manager

November 11, 2009

FAA Approval ofHighly Integrated Avionics Systems

April 30, 2009 2Federal AviationAdministration

Aircraft Certification ServiceNovember 12, 2009

The Concern• There are few specific rules or guidance for

flight test of avionics systems • While integrated cockpits improve situational

awareness and safety, flight test must ensure pilots can effectively cope with new avionics in all situations

• Flight test knowledge of system architecture is essential in evaluating integrated avionics systems

Sources of FAA Policy for Avionics

• FAA Advisory material • RTCA Documents

– DO-178B

• SAE Documents– ARP-4754– Policy Conflicts -- ARP takes precedence for

software level determination

Significant changes in Avionics

Three areas of change–Satellite based navigation

–System integration

–Pathway presentation

Status of Global Navigation Satellite Systems

• Global Constellations– GPS (24+) [31]– GLONASS (30) [20]– Galileo (27) [2+]– Compass (35) [2]

• Satellite-Based Augmentations– WAAS (3)– MSAS (2)– EGNOS (3)– GAGAN (3)– SDCM (2)

Satellite Based Navigation

Current State of GPS Approaches

• WAAS performance standard released October 31, 2008

• FAA has now published over 1,600 LPV approach procedures based on WAAS

• More WAAS-supported LPV approaches than Cat I ILS approaches

• WAAS-capable GPS receivers are specified in FAA Technical Standard Orders 145 & 146

Typical GPS System Architecture

GNSSRECEIVER

PATH DISPLAY

ANNUNCIATIONS

MON TRIP PT 1 DOT ANGULAR

DEVIATION

Displayed 1 Dot Linear Deviation (Apx - .1 RNP)

LPV & LNAV/VNAVApproach Architecture

Linear DeviationLinear Deviation

Angular Angular DeviationDeviation

Systems Integration

–Flat panels doing everything

Attitude Nav/ComAirspeed Clock Altimeter Engine gagesHeading TemperatureFuel Other

Integrated Avionics Suppliers

Partial listAspen Avidyne BeckerBlue Mountain Chelton DynonGarmin Honeywell Insight InstrumentsIS&S L-3 LowranceNARCO OP Tech PanasonicRockwell Collins Sagem SandelShadin Tru Trak Universal

Avidyne

Avio NG

Garmin G1000

Honeywell APEX

L-3 Smartdeck

Rockwell Collins

Universal

Bendix-King

Sandel

Pathway Presentation

• LNAV/VNAV & WAAS based LPV Approaches– Transparent pathway

• Highway In The Sky (HITS)– Perception that this is new technology– Reality is that HITS is essentially a 3 dimensional

flight director– Appropriate flight path guidance required

• Model is usually HUD based • Flight path vector symbol

Current Areas of Concern

• WAAS LPV Approaches– Misleading Approach Guidance during a WAAS

LPV Approach is classified as Hazardous– Use of FMS for WAAS LPV approaches

• Envelope Protection – Implementation – Human Factors elements

• New Avionics Suites– Display compression– What information to display– Implementation of Highway In The Sky (HITS)

To be remembered• There are few specific rules or guidance for

flight test of avionics systems • Integrated cockpits can improve situational

awareness and improve safety but flight test must ensure the pilot can effectively cope with the new avionics in all situations

• Knowledge of system architecture is essential in evaluating integrated avionics systems

Presented to:

Federal AviationAdministrationFLIGHT TEST SAFETY

WORKSHOP

Flight Test Safety Workshop

Jim Richmond Aircraft Certification ServiceFlight Program Manager

November 11, 2009

FAA Approval ofHighly Integrated Avionics Systems

Definitions• Hazardous

– Failure conditions that would reduce the capability of the airplane or the ability of the crew to cope with adverse operating conditions to the extent that there would be the following:a) A large reduction in safety margins or functional

capabilities;

b) Physical distress or higher workload such that the flight crew cannot be relied upon to perform their tasks accurately or completely; or

c) Serious or fatal injury to an occupant other than the flight crew.